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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南民族大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Henry’snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso(
)thatnothinghadbeenomitted.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.understanding
B.comprehensible
C.comprehensive
D.understandable
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。understanding“理解”;comprehensible“可理解的”;comprehensive“綜合的;廣泛的”;understandable“可以理解的”。句意:亨利的新聞報(bào)道非常詳盡,幾乎沒有遺漏。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
2.單選題
TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms“Miss”and“Mrs”theyoffendfemalemembers.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.aslongas
B.themoment
C.sothat
D.incase
【答案】D
【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。aslongas“只要”;themoment“一……就……”;sothat“所以,以便”;incase“萬(wàn)一,假使”。句意:歐洲議會(huì)禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”這兩個(gè)詞,以防它們冒犯女性議員。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.寫作題
WriteonANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto:
1.describethepicture;
2.deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture;
3.suggestcounter-measures.
【答案】略
4.單選題
TheFrencheducationsystemisverydifferentfromtheEnglishoneinitsaims,itsorganizationanditsresults.TheFrenchchildtoo,therawmaterialofthiseducationisunliketheEnglishchildanddifferencesintherawmaterialmaywellaccountfordifferencesintheprocessesemployed.
TheFrenchchild,boyorgirl,givesonetheimpressionofbeingintellectuallymoreprecociousthantheproductofthechillierEnglishclimate.Thisisencouragedbyhisupbringingamongadults,notinanursery.Englishparentsreadilyadapttheirconversationtothechild'spointofviewandinterestthemselvesmoreinhisgamesandchildishpreoccupation.TheEnglishare,asregardsnationalcharacter,youngerthantheFrench,or,toputitanotherway,thereisinEnglandnodeepdivisionbetweenthelifeofthechildandthatofthegrownman.TheartoftalkingtochildreninthekindoflanguagetheyunderstandissomuchanEnglishartthatmostoftheFrenchchildren'sfavoritebooksaretranslationsfromtheEnglish.
Frenchparentsontheotherhand,dotheirbesttodevelopthechild'sintelligenceasrapidlyaspossible.Theyhavelittlepatiencewithchildishideaseveniftheydonotgosofarastolookuponchildhoodasanunfortunatebutnecessarypreludetoadultlife.Notthattheyneedtoforcethechild,forheusuallylendshimselfwillinglytotheprocess,andenjoystheeffectofhisunexpectedlycleverremarksandunusualsayingsandofhisbrightjudgmentofmenandthings.ItisnotwithoutsignificancethattheFrenchmotherinsteadofappealingtothechild'sheartbyaskinghimtobegoodappealstohisreasonbyaskinghimtobewise.ReasonablenessislookedforearlyinFrance,andtheageofreasonisfixedatsevenyears.
1.IncomparingFrenchandEnglisheducationtheauthorindicatesthat().
2.ThepassagesuggeststhattheFrenchchild().
3.Theword"prelude"inthephrase"…,butnecessarypreludetoadultlife"(inthe2ndsentenceofParagraph3)probablymeans().
4.IncomparisonwithFrenchchildren,Englishchildren().
5.Frenchmothers().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.agreatdealcanbelearntbybothcountries
B.differencesshouldnotbelookedforonlyinthemethods
C.theFrenchchildneedsfarmoretraining
D.themaindifferencesareinthechildren
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.isasheisbecauseoftheclimate
B.onlyassociateswithadults
C.isnottreatedasachild
D.isforcedtobehavelikeanadult
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.introductorystage
B.consequentevent
C.inevitableresult
D.acceptablereason
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.arelessintelligent
B.canstandchillierclimate
C.receivemorecarefromtheirparents
D.haveshorterchildhood
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.knowhowtoappealtowhatisbestintheirchildren
B.arethemostsignificantinfluenceintheirchildren'slives
C.theirchildren'sunexpectedlycleverremarks
D.lackpatienceineverything
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,英國(guó)和法國(guó)在教育體系方面有著很大的差別。同時(shí),作為教育的"原材料",兩個(gè)國(guó)家的孩子們也存在著區(qū)別。教育所采取的方法不同是因?yàn)樵牧喜煌?即因人而異。由此可推斷,教育上的差異,不僅是教育方法不同,"原材料"也存在差異。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)二三的的內(nèi)容可知,法國(guó)的父母總是以成年人的思維對(duì)待和要求孩子,所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
3.introductorystage引入時(shí)期;consequentevent隨之而來(lái)的事情;inevitableresult必然結(jié)果;acceptablereason可接受的原因。根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容,兒童時(shí)期是成人生活的前奏,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段的第三句"Englishparentsreadilyadapttheirconversationtothechild'spointofviewandinterestthemselvesmoreinhisgamesandchildishpreoccupation."英國(guó)父母很容易根據(jù)孩子的觀點(diǎn)調(diào)整他們的談話,并且使自己能夠?qū)⒆觽兊挠螒蚝完P(guān)注的一些幼稚的東西感興趣。說(shuō)明英國(guó)的孩子比法國(guó)孩子受到父母更多的關(guān)愛,選項(xiàng)C正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Frenchmothers定位到最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句"ItisnotwithoutsignificancethattheFrenchmotherinsteadofappealingtothechild'sheartbyaskinghimtobegoodappealstohisreasonbyaskinghimtobewise."法國(guó)母親不是通過(guò)要求孩子做個(gè)好人來(lái)打動(dòng)孩子的心,而是通過(guò)要求他做個(gè)聰明的人來(lái)打動(dòng)他的理智,這并非沒有意義。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
5.填空題
Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefact
thatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequite
A
B
C
discouragedtobeatthebottomofthetopGrade!
D
【答案】Ddiscouraged改為discouraging
【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。
【解題思路】discouraged的意思為“沮喪的,氣餒的”,指的是人自己的感受,discouraging的意思為“使人沮喪的,令人氣餒的”,指的是某個(gè)事物令人沮喪,這里指的是倒數(shù)第一這件事令人沮喪,因此D部分應(yīng)為“discouraging”。
【句意】我們認(rèn)為把學(xué)生按成績(jī)分班有很多弊端。這沒有考慮到兒童發(fā)展的速度不同這一事實(shí)。這對(duì)聰明的孩子和不那么聰明的孩子都有消極的影響。畢竟,在高手如云的班級(jí)中倒數(shù)第一這件事,相當(dāng)令人沮喪!
6.單選題
Christoldustohandin
ourtermpapernextMonday.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.towriteourpaperbyhand
B.tosubmit
C.tocorrect
D.toproof-read
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。題目中handin表示“提交,遞交;呈送;上交”,A選項(xiàng)為“手寫論文”;B選項(xiàng)為“提交;呈送”;C選項(xiàng)為“改正”;D選項(xiàng)表示“校對(duì)”。句意:克麗絲告訴我們,下周一要交學(xué)期論文。因此,根據(jù)句意可知正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。
7.單選題
USAisoneofthePowersintheworld,butit'sa(n)()thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.paradox
B.prejudice
C.dilemma
D.conflict
【答案】A
【解析】paradox悖論,自相矛盾的人或事;prejudice偏見;dilemma困境;conflict沖突,矛盾。句意:美國(guó)是世界大國(guó)之一,但在如此富裕的國(guó)家卻有如此多的窮人,這是一個(gè)悖論。
8.單選題
Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudent.(46)alongreadingassignmentisgiven,instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththe(47)inthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination.The(48)studentisconsideredtobe(49)whoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeof(50),nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.Sometimeshomeworkisreturned(51)briefwrittencommentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis(52)forlearningthematerialassigned.Whenresearchis(53),theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwith(54)guidance.Itisthe(55)responsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplain(56)auniversitylibraryworks;theyexpectstudents,(57)graduatestudents,tobeabletoexhaustthereference(58)inthelibrary.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,but(59)thattheirstudentsshouldnotbe(60)dependentonthem.IntheUnitedStatesprofessorshavemanyotherduties(61)teaching,suchasadministrativeorresearchwork(62),thetimethataprofessorcanspendwithastudentoutsideofclassis(63).Ifastudenthasproblemswithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeither(64)aprofessorduringofficehours(65)makeanappointment.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.If
B.Although
C.Because
D.Since
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.suggestion
B.context
C.abstract
D.information
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.poor
B.ideal
C.average
D.disappointed
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.such
B.one
C.any
D.some
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.fun
B.work
C.learning
D.prize
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.by
B.in
C.for
D.with
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.criticized
B.innocent
C.responsible
D.dismissed
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.collected
B.distributed
C.assigned
D.finished
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.maximum
B.minimum
C.possible
D.practical
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.student’s
B.professor’s
C.assistant’s
D.librarian’s
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.when
B.what
C.why
D.how
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.particularly
B.essentially
C.obviously
D.rarely
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.selections
B.collections
C.sources
D.origins
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.hate
B.dislike
C.like
D.prefer
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.too
B.such
C.much
D.more
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.but
B.except
C.with
D.beside
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.However
B.Therefore
C.Furthermore
D.Nevertheless
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.plentiful
B.limited
C.irregular
D.flexible
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.greet
B.annoy
C.approach
D.attach
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.or
B.and
C.to
D.but
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:C
第6題:D
第7題:C
第8題:C
第9題:B
第10題:A
第11題:D
第12題:A
第13題:C
第14題:D
第15題:A
第16題:D
第17題:B
第18題:B
第19題:C
第20題:A
【解析】46.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)If“假如;如果”;B選項(xiàng)Although“雖然”;C選項(xiàng)Because“因?yàn)椤?;D選項(xiàng)Since“自……以來(lái);因?yàn)椤?。句意:……老師?huì)給學(xué)生一個(gè)長(zhǎng)篇的閱讀任務(wù),即使它們?cè)谡n堂上不做討論或納入考試范圍內(nèi),老師也希望學(xué)生熟讀。本句是先給出了一個(gè)假設(shè),因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
47.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)suggestion“建議”;B選項(xiàng)context“背景;上下文”;C選項(xiàng)abstract“摘要”;D選項(xiàng)“信息”。句意:教師希望學(xué)生熟悉文章中的……,即使它們?cè)谡n堂上不做討論或納入考試范圍內(nèi)。關(guān)鍵詞inthereading“文章里的”,B,C都是寫在章節(jié)目錄前的,故可排除,后半句即使它們不在課堂上討論或納入考試中,可知老師希望學(xué)生能夠?qū)λx文章的內(nèi)容了如指掌,不放過(guò)任何一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
48.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)poor“貧窮的;可憐的”;B選項(xiàng)ideal“理想的;完美的”;C選項(xiàng)average“平均的;普通的”;D選項(xiàng)disappointed“失望的;沮喪的”。句意:一個(gè)……學(xué)生被認(rèn)為是有學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力的??崭袂暗男揎椩~應(yīng)該是贊賞類的,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
49.考查代詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)such“這樣的”;B選項(xiàng)one“任何人”;C選項(xiàng)any“任何人”;D選項(xiàng)some“一些;某些”??崭窈蠼佣ㄕZ(yǔ)從句,我們可以知道空格前指代的是人,也就是前面所說(shuō)的學(xué)生。四個(gè)代詞中,one可以替代具體的“一個(gè)人”或“一件事物”,避免重復(fù),因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
50.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fun“樂(lè)趣;玩笑”;B選項(xiàng)work“工作”;C選項(xiàng)learning“學(xué)習(xí)”;D選項(xiàng)prize“獎(jiǎng)品;獎(jiǎng)賞”。句意:理想的學(xué)生被認(rèn)為是為了……而學(xué)習(xí)的人,而不是只對(duì)得到高分感興趣的人。根據(jù)句意來(lái)看,側(cè)重于從學(xué)習(xí)本身出發(fā)而進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)習(xí),并不是為了得到高分而學(xué)習(xí)的人。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
51.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)by“通過(guò),借由”;B選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”;C選項(xiàng)for“為了;給”;D選項(xiàng)with“用;具有”。句意:有時(shí)家庭作業(yè)只會(huì)有簡(jiǎn)短的書面評(píng)論,但沒有分?jǐn)?shù)。只有D選項(xiàng)with有“攜帶、具有”的含義。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
52.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)criticized“受批評(píng)的”;B選項(xiàng)innocent“清白的;無(wú)辜的”;C選項(xiàng)responsible“有責(zé)任的”;D選項(xiàng)dismissed“解雇的;解散的”。句意:即使沒有給出分?jǐn)?shù),學(xué)生也有責(zé)任學(xué)習(xí)布置的材料。固定搭配beresponsiblefor“對(duì)……有責(zé)任”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
53.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)collected“收集;收藏”;B選項(xiàng)distributed“分配;散布”;C選項(xiàng)assigned“分配;指派”;D選項(xiàng)finished“完成;結(jié)束”。句意:當(dāng)……研究任務(wù)時(shí),教授希望學(xué)生積極地去做。根據(jù)句意可理解到教授下發(fā)研究任務(wù),學(xué)生去完成。B,C選項(xiàng)都有分配的意思,distribute側(cè)重于將物體從一個(gè)地方發(fā)放到別處去,也有分銷的含義;而assign強(qiáng)調(diào)分配任務(wù)、工作,更符合題意。故選C。
54.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)maximum“最高的;最多的”;B選項(xiàng)minimum“最小的;最低的”;C選項(xiàng)possible“可能的”;D選項(xiàng)practical“實(shí)際的”。句意:當(dāng)研究任務(wù)分配后,教授希望學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)地接受它,并在……指導(dǎo)下完成它。希望學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)地行動(dòng)起來(lái),即希望學(xué)生能夠更多地靠自己的能力去完成。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
55.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)student’s“學(xué)生的”;B選項(xiàng)professor’s“教授的”;C選項(xiàng)assistant’s“助手的”;D選項(xiàng)librarian’s“圖書管理員的”。句意:在圖書館找書、雜志和文章是……的責(zé)任。前面說(shuō)到下發(fā)任務(wù)后,教授們希望學(xué)生們積極主動(dòng)的完成。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系,下發(fā)任務(wù)后的一些資料查找需要學(xué)生去尋找查閱。故選A。
56.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)when“什么時(shí)候”;B選項(xiàng)what“什么”;C選項(xiàng)why“為什么”;D選項(xiàng)how“怎樣;如何”。句意:教授沒有時(shí)間解釋大學(xué)圖書館是……運(yùn)作的。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞works“運(yùn)作;起作用”,可以更加直白的說(shuō)教授沒時(shí)間解釋大學(xué)圖書館如何發(fā)揮作用。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
57.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)particularly“特別是”;B選項(xiàng)essentially“本質(zhì)上”;C選項(xiàng)obviously“顯然地”;D選項(xiàng)rarely“罕見地”。前面提及學(xué)生,空格后說(shuō)的是研究生,細(xì)分了學(xué)生類別,由此可知,是具體地指代一類學(xué)生,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
58.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)selections“選擇”;B選項(xiàng)collections“收集品”;C選項(xiàng)sources“來(lái)源”;D選項(xiàng)origins“起源”。句意:教授們希望學(xué)生,特別是研究生能夠詳盡探討圖書館里的參考……。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞reference“參考”,此處應(yīng)是需要詳盡地討論參考出處。C,D選項(xiàng)都有源頭的意思,但是origin側(cè)重指事物的起源或由來(lái),而source也含有來(lái)源出處之意,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
59.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hate“憎恨;厭惡”;B選項(xiàng)dislike“不喜歡”;C選項(xiàng)like“喜歡”;D選項(xiàng)prefer“更喜歡”。句意:教授會(huì)幫助那些需要幫助的學(xué)生,但是他們……他們的學(xué)生不應(yīng)該……依賴他們。按照句意邏輯,有遇到困難的學(xué)生教授還是愿意幫忙的,所以不存在會(huì)有厭惡情感??膳懦鼳,B選項(xiàng)。句中有兩類比較,一類是需要時(shí)刻提問(wèn)的學(xué)生,另一個(gè)是不依賴?yán)蠋煹膶W(xué)生。顯然老師們會(huì)傾向于能夠獨(dú)立思考的學(xué)生。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
60.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)too“太;過(guò)于”;B選項(xiàng)such“這樣;如此”;C選項(xiàng)much“非常;特別”;D選項(xiàng)more“更多”。句意:教授會(huì)幫助那些需要幫助的學(xué)生,但是他們更喜歡他們的學(xué)生不應(yīng)該……依賴他們。句中是會(huì)給出幫助,但是不應(yīng)該太過(guò)頻繁,過(guò)于依賴了。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
61.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)but“表轉(zhuǎn)折,但是”;B選項(xiàng)except“除……之外(不包括在內(nèi))”;C選項(xiàng)with“具有;帶有”;D選項(xiàng)besides“除……之外(包括在內(nèi))”。句意:在美國(guó),教授還有很多職責(zé)……教學(xué),行政或者一些研究工作。句意為除了教學(xué)外,還有其他工作。而教學(xué)是包括在職責(zé)內(nèi)的,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
62.考查語(yǔ)義邏輯。A選項(xiàng)However“然而”,表轉(zhuǎn)折;B選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”,表因果;C選項(xiàng)Furthermore“而且”,表遞進(jìn);D選項(xiàng)“不過(guò)”,表轉(zhuǎn)折。前一句說(shuō)到教授的職責(zé)是非常多的,除了教學(xué)外,還有一些行政和研究的工作??崭窈蟆ㄙM(fèi)在學(xué)生身上的時(shí)間是……的。兩句存在因果關(guān)系,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
63.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plentiful“充沛的”;B選項(xiàng)limited“有限的”;C選項(xiàng)irregular“不規(guī)則的”;D選項(xiàng)flexible“靈活的”。教授的職責(zé)很多,因此和學(xué)生在一起的時(shí)間是……的。從邏輯上來(lái)說(shuō),一個(gè)人很忙,時(shí)間是很擠的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
64.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)greet“問(wèn)好;打招呼”;B選項(xiàng)annoy“使惱怒;使生氣”;C選項(xiàng)approach“靠近;接近”;D選項(xiàng)attach“把……固定”。句意:如果學(xué)生在作業(yè)上有問(wèn)題可以在辦公時(shí)間……教授。根據(jù)句意學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)上有困難可以請(qǐng)教教授。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
65.考查固定搭配。句意:如果一個(gè)學(xué)生在課堂作業(yè)上有問(wèn)題,要么他應(yīng)該在辦公時(shí)間內(nèi)找教授,要么進(jìn)行預(yù)約。either…or…“要么……要么……”表示有兩種選擇,不是A就是B。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
9.單選題
AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchangedbeginningaround7000B.C”conditionsemergedthatledtoamorecomplexandadvancedformofcivilizationinbothEgyptandoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture.Thismigrationwasfurtherencouragedbythegradualtransformationoftheonce-hospitablegrasslandsoftheseregionsintodeserts.Humanpopulationbecameincreasinglyconcentratedintopocketsofsettlementscatteredalongthebanksofthegreatrivers.
Theriversprofoundlyshapedthewayoflifealongtheirbanks.InMesopotamia,themanagementofwaterinconditionsofunpredictabledrought,flood,andstormbecamethecentraleconomicandsocialchallenge.Villagersbeganearlytobuildsimpleearthworks,dikes,canals,andditchestocontrolthewatersandreducetheopposingdangersofdroughtduringthedryseason(usuallythespring)andfloodingattheharvesttime.
Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown.
Technologicalandmathematicalinvention,too,werestimulatedbylifealongtherivers.Newdeviceswerefirstdevelopedhereforuseinirrigationsystems.Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated.
Theliversservedashighroadsofearliestcommerce.Tradersusedboatsmadeofbundlesofrushestotransportgrains,fruits,fibers,andtextilesfromonevillagetoanother,transformingtheriversintothecentralspinesofnascentcommercialkingdoms.Tradeexpandedsurprisinglywidely;wehaveevidencesuggestingthat,evenbeforetheestablishmentofthefirstEgyptiandynasty,goodswerebeingexchangedbetweenvillagersinEgyptandothersasfarasIran.
Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworldforexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina.Thehistoryofearlycivilizationhasbeenshapedtoaremarkabledegreebytherelationshipofhumansandrivers.
1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistoexplain().
2.WhichofthefollowingsocialeffectsdidtheunpredictabilityofwatersuppliesinMesopotamiahave?
3.Theearliestgeometersweresupportedprimarilyby().
4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheemergenceofcomplexcivilizationsintheMiddleEastwasdependentuponthepreviousdevelopmentof().
5.TheauthorreferstoemergingcivilizationsinIndiaandChinaprimarilyinordertoemphasize().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.howclimaticchangesledtothefoundingoftheearliestrecordedcities
B.theinfluenceofriverlifeonthegrowthofearlycivilizations
C.someoftherecentfindingsofresearchersintoearlyhumanhistory
D.thesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongseveralancientsocieties
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Itledtowarfareoverwaterrightsamongrivalvillages.
B.Itencouragedcooperationinthecreationofwatermanagementsystems.
C.Itdrovefarmerstosettleinfertilegrasslandsfarfromtheuncontrollablerivers.
D.Ithadtheactualeffectofincreasingthepopulationthere.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.mechanicalartisans
B.tradersandmerchants
C.farmlaborers
D.landowners
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.basictechniquesofagriculture
B.symbolicsystemsforwritingandmathematicalcomputation
C.toolsforconstructinghousesquicklyandeasily
D.amethodforstoringandtransferringwealth
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.theimportanceofwatertransportationinthegrowthofearlytrade
B.therelativelyadvancedpositionenjoyedbytheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces
C.therapiditywithwhichsocialsystemsdevelopedintheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces
D.thecrucialroleplayedbyriversinthedevelopmentofhumanculturesaroundtheworld
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹河流對(duì)于文明和發(fā)展的作用。因此B項(xiàng)“河流生命對(duì)于早期文明發(fā)展的影響”符合本文主旨大意。
2.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是:下列哪項(xiàng)是美索不達(dá)米亞中供水的不可預(yù)測(cè)性所產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)影響?第三段指出:Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown(這種努力需要大量人員的前所未有的合作。只有十幾戶家庭的小村莊容易受到經(jīng)濟(jì)沖擊,但是在年長(zhǎng)村民的指導(dǎo)下,這些村莊可能會(huì)學(xué)著在建立協(xié)調(diào)的水治理系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行人力資源共享,這吋候鄉(xiāng)村的安全和穩(wěn)定性以及繁榮度都得到了提升。在新的合作下,美索不達(dá)米亞的文明之種正被播散開來(lái))。故選B“它激發(fā)了水資源管理體系創(chuàng)新的相互合作”。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞geometers定位至第四段:Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated(同樣,早期的測(cè)量和估算方法,以及幾何學(xué)的初期發(fā)展,都是因?yàn)樾枰涗浲恋氐乃袡?quán)和記錄被周期性淹沒的土地邊界范圍而刺激發(fā)展的。因此,最初幾何學(xué)主要是為了記錄土地的所有權(quán)和實(shí)際情況而發(fā)展的)。故選D“土地所有者”。
4.判斷推理題。題干為:中東地區(qū)的復(fù)雜文明的出現(xiàn)主要依賴于之前的哪項(xiàng)的發(fā)展?第一段指出:AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchanged...JedtoamorecomplexandadvancedfromofcivilizationinbothEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture(隨著中東地區(qū)的氣候變化,出現(xiàn)的狀況導(dǎo)致了復(fù)雜和先進(jìn)的文明形式?!?dāng)美索不達(dá)米亞的幼發(fā)拉底河變得更干旱后,產(chǎn)生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地,并且吸引了擁有先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的移民。即中東地區(qū)的先進(jìn)文明的發(fā)展有依靠農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的支持),故選A“基本的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”。
5.作者意圖題。題干為:作者談及印度和中國(guó)的文明出現(xiàn)主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)什么?根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段:Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworld—forexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina(同吋,世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所產(chǎn)生的類似的發(fā)展,比如:印度西北部河流,中國(guó)的黃河)。因此,文章中談及印度和中國(guó),是為了說(shuō)明河流同樣在這些國(guó)家的發(fā)展中起到的作用,因此D項(xiàng)“在世界各地人類文化的發(fā)展中,河流發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵的作用”正確。
10.單選題
Inhisspeech,thepresidentemphasizedthatthechallengetoman’sfuturecanneverbemetbymaking______adjustmentshereandthere.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.adventurous
B.assiduous
C.marginal
D.moderate
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)adventurous“愛冒險(xiǎn)的,大膽的,充滿危險(xiǎn)的”,B項(xiàng)assiduous“刻苦的,勤勉的”,C項(xiàng)marginal“微不足道的,不重要的,邊緣的”,D項(xiàng)moderate“穩(wěn)健的,溫和的,適度的”。根據(jù)句子意思“在他的演講中,總統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào),人類未來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)永遠(yuǎn)不能通過(guò)到處的……調(diào)整來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)”可知,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有marginal符合語(yǔ)境。句意:總統(tǒng)在演講中強(qiáng)調(diào),人類未來(lái)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)不可能通過(guò)到處的微小調(diào)整來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Heknewat()levelthathewasguilty.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Spirit
B.gut
C.soul
D.eye
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spirit“精神,心靈,情緒,志氣,烈酒”,專指人的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)、意志和精神或者某事物的主要目的、含義、代表的精神;B選項(xiàng)gut“勇氣,膽量,腸子”;C選項(xiàng)soul“靈魂,心靈,精神,鬼魂”;D選項(xiàng)eye“眼睛,視力,眼光,見解,觀點(diǎn)”。句意:他知道他在精神上是有罪的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Thedepthofthenovelandthevalueofitsartisticandideologicalfeaturedonotdependonthetheme—either()orsignificant.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.preliminary
B.versatile
C.trivial
D.alternate
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。preliminary“初步的”;versatile“多才多藝的”;trivial“不重要的”;alternate“交替的”。根據(jù)orsignificant可知空格處詞語(yǔ)的意思應(yīng)該與significant相反,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
13.單選題
Thistimehecouldaffordtomakenomistake:histeacherwasthere_______,watchingeverymove.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.athiselbow
B.offhishand
C.onhisfeet
D.inhiseyes
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.athiselbow近在手邊,在身邊B.offhishand(getsth.offofone’shand把某物從某人手上甩掉)
C.onhisfeet站立著D.inhiseyes在他眼里
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞watchingeverymove,可知他不能再犯錯(cuò)的原因是老師在關(guān)注他的一舉一動(dòng),athiselbow符合語(yǔ)境,也就是說(shuō)老師就在旁邊,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。
【句意】這次他可不敢犯錯(cuò)了:他老師就在他身邊,注視著他的一舉一動(dòng)。
14.單選題
Weshallprobablyneverbeableto(
)theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.assert
B.impart
C.ascertain
D.notify
【答案】C
【解析】考查上下文動(dòng)詞詞義解析。assert“維護(hù),主張”;impart“給予,傳授”;ascertain“確定,查明”;notify“通知,公布”。句意:我們也許永遠(yuǎn)不能確定這些亞原子粒子的確切性質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意
15.寫作題
Writeanessayinnolessthan200wordswiththetitle“MyUnderstandingofGlobalization”.
【答案】MyUnderstandingofGlobalization16.單選題
Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably(
)reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.concise
B.clear
C.precise
D.elaborate
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。concise“簡(jiǎn)明的”;clear“清楚的”;precise“精確的”;elaborate“詳盡的”。句意:新秘書只用了幾張紙就寫出了一份包含所有的非常詳盡的報(bào)告。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredasadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedications,suchassteroids,thatcancauseweightgain.
Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenasithastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult,theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonjoints),gout,boneandjointdiseases(includingrupturedintervertebraldiscs),varicoseveins,respiratoryailments,andgallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.
Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,cervix,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,esophagus,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.
Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.
ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenMBI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.
ApollbyShapeupAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.
11.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?
12.Accordingtothepassage,()
13.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?
14.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?
15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.
B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting.
C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.
D.Obesitycanleadtomanyhealthproblems.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids.
B.Obesitydoesnotaffectaperson’schancesofgettingcancer.
C.Adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone’sageandsex.
D.Obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday’ssociety.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Dietsdon’tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits.
B.Dietsleadtoguiltanddepression.
C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.
D.Dietscausefeelingsofdeprivation.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpersons.
B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.
C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.
D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.
B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.
C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers.
D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】11.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講肥胖可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多疾病。D選項(xiàng)“肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多疾病”,選項(xiàng)D正確。C選項(xiàng)“肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾病”,文章只是稍微提到此內(nèi)容,可排除。B選項(xiàng)“許多人不斷節(jié)食”,不符合文章內(nèi)容,可排除。A選項(xiàng)“肥胖給心臟帶來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)”,文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容,可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
12.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.(肥胖通常被定義為一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型超出正常范圍的脂肪堆積。)也就是說(shuō),肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡和性別的正常體重。選項(xiàng)C“肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡和性別的正常體重”與原文描述一致。A選項(xiàng)“肥胖通常與藥物有關(guān),比如類固醇”,類固醇并不是造成肥胖的主要原因,A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“肥胖并不影響一個(gè)人得癌癥的機(jī)會(huì)”,肥胖可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥,B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“在當(dāng)今社會(huì),肥胖問(wèn)題已經(jīng)不那么嚴(yán)重了”,肥胖仍然是一個(gè)比較嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題,排除D選項(xiàng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
13.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.(節(jié)食不會(huì)教人們?nèi)绾握_的飲食。它們只是暫時(shí)限制食物的攝入量,所以當(dāng)飲食結(jié)束時(shí),體重又會(huì)增加)。選項(xiàng)A“節(jié)食并沒有教會(huì)人們良好的飲食習(xí)慣”,符合原文內(nèi)容,A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“節(jié)食會(huì)導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和抑郁”,文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容,可排除。C選項(xiàng)“有太多的節(jié)食,每個(gè)都有不同的要求”,文章沒有提到這一點(diǎn),可排除。D選項(xiàng)“節(jié)食會(huì)導(dǎo)致被剝奪的感覺”,不符合文章內(nèi)容,可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
14.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。第五段大意為:一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),將超重和死亡聯(lián)系起來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)并不確定,而另一些研究人員則發(fā)現(xiàn),減肥可能比超重的危害更大。而劃線部分的前一句提到:體重超標(biāo)的相對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而下降。由此可推斷,老年人減肥是不明智的。選項(xiàng)A“對(duì)老年人來(lái)說(shuō),大量減肥是不明智的”,A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“有些減肥的外科手術(shù)方法比節(jié)食更好”,文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容,可排除。C選項(xiàng)“所有肥胖的人都需要減掉多余的體重”,文章所說(shuō),肥胖對(duì)人體的危害會(huì)隨年齡的增加而減小,因此不是所有肥胖的人都需減重,C選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“肥胖者應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢減肥的利弊”,文章并沒有提到此內(nèi)容,可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
15.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干我們可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenMBI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.(科學(xué)證據(jù)表明,MBI(身體質(zhì)量指數(shù))與較高的死亡率之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)。)由此可推測(cè),肥胖也與死亡存在著聯(lián)系,因此B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們一致同意肥胖和死亡之間的聯(lián)系”正確。
18.單選題
12.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Playtennis.
B.Takeoutthetrash.
C.Playcomputergames.
D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.
【答案】A
【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?
M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.
W:It’sadeal.
M:Seeyouinthecourt.
Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士提議說(shuō)待會(huì)去打網(wǎng)球,最后男士說(shuō):Seeyouinthecourt(球場(chǎng)上見)。
19.單選題
Everybodylikeshim.Heisvery(
)withallhiscolleagues.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.popular
B.familiar
C.close
D.vulgar
【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)句意可知,大家都很喜歡他,說(shuō)明他很受歡迎。選項(xiàng)A最符合語(yǔ)境。
20.單選題
Weliveinanunusualtimewithcorporatedownsizing,restructuring,andtheincreaseinglobalcompetition.Someviewthesetimesasproblematic,othersseetheincredibleopportunitiescreatedbysuchchange.
Inthelastdecadetherehasbeenahugegrowthinhome-basedandservice-industrybusinesses.Thesebusinesseshavebeenstartedbyindividualswiththecouragetopursuetheirdreams.Yet,foreveryideathatimplemented,thousandsofideasneve
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