書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhichhesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa“scientifichierarchy”wouldbetoseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientificallyeducated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationandencouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.

Asageneralstatement,Ithinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnotdefinescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhoseexperimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends“toneglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects”,economicsandsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparent.Thispointisofgreatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother.

Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeither（a）theexactsciences,suchaschemistry,physics,etc.,or（b）amethodofthoughtwhichobtainsverifiableresultsbyreasoninglogicallyfromobservedfact.

Ifyouaskanyscientist,orindeedalmostanyeducatedperson,“Whatisscience?”Youarelikelytogetananswerapproximatingto（b）.Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,whenpeoplesay“science”theymean（a）.Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:test-tubesbalances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher.Andthosewhotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducatedmean,almostinvariably,thattheyshouldbetaughtmoreaboutradioactivity,orthestars,orthephysiologyoftheirownbodies,ratherthanthattheyshouldbetaughttothinkmoreexactly.

Thisconfusionofmeaning,whichispartlydeliberate,hasinitagreatdanger,Impliedinthedemandformorescientificeducationistheclaimthatifonehasbeenscientificallytrainedonesapproachtoallsubjectswillbemoreintelligentthanifonehadhadnosuchtraining.Ascientistspoliticalopinions,itisassumed,hisopinionsonsociologicalquestions,onmorals,onphilosophyperhapsevenonthearts,willbemorevaluablethanthoseofalayman.Buta“scientist”,aswehavejustseen,meansinpracticeaspecialistinoneoftheexactsciences.Itfollowsthatachemistorphysicist,assuch,ispoliticallymoreintelligentthanapoetoralawyer.And,infact,therearealreadymillionsofpeoplewhodobelievethis.

Butisitreallytruethata“scientist”,inthisnarrowersense,isanylikelierthanotherpeopletoapproachnon-scientificproblemsinanobjectiveway?Thereisnotmuchreasonforthinkingso.Takeonesimpletest—theabilitytowithstandnationalism.Itisoftenlooselysaidthat“Scienceisinternational,”butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists.TheGermanscientificcommunity,asawhole,madenoresistancetoHitler.Therewereplentyofgiftedmentodothenecessaryresearchonsuchthingsassyntheticoil,jetplanes,rocketprojectilesandtheatomicbomb.

Ontheotherhand,whathappenedtoGermanliteraturewhentheNaziscametopower?Ibelieveexhaustivelistshavebeenpublished,butIimaginethatthenumberofGermanscientists—Jewapart—whovoluntarilyexiledthemselvesorwerepersecutedbytheregimewasmuchsmallerthanthenumberofwritersandjournalists.Moresinisterthanthis,anumberofGermanscientistsswallowedthemonstrosity（巨大而丑陋的東西）of“racialscience”.

Butdoesthismeanthatthegeneralpublicshouldnotbemorescientificallyeducated?Onthecontrary.Allitmeansisthatscientificeducationforthemasseswilldolittlegood,andprobablyalotofharm,ifitsimplyboilsdowntomorephysics,morechemistry,morebiology,etc.tothedetrimentofliteratureandhistory.It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense.

Clearly,scientificeducationoughttomeantheimplantingofarational,skeptical,experimentalhabitofmind.Itoughttomeanacquiringamethod—amethodthatcanbeusedonanyproblemthatonemeets—andnotsimplypilingupalotoffacts.Putitinthosewords,andtheapologistofscientificeducationwillusuallyagree.Presshimfurther,askhimtoparticularize,andsomehowitalwaysturnsoutthatscientificeducationmeansmoreattentiontotheexactsciences,inotherwords—morefacts.Theideathatsciencemeansawayoflookingattheworld,andnotsimplyabodyofknowledge,isinpracticestronglyresisted.Ithinksheerprofessional,jealousyispartofthereasonforthis.

1.Weknowfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthorconsidersthepresentdefinitionoftheword“science”（）.

2.Whenpeoplearetalkingaboutscience,theymayNOTreferto（）.

3.Theauthor,contrastsGermansciencewithClurmanliteraturetosupportviewpointthat（）.

4.Anaveragepersonignorantofhistory,beingcomparedwithanilliteratefarmer,withhistoricalmemoriesistoshowthat（）.

5.Thepassagecanbebestsummarizedas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguous

B.ambivalent

C.questionable

D.inappropriate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.physics

B.physiology

C.philosophy

D.psychology

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Germanliteraturehaslongbeenpersecutedbythegovernment

B.writersarethemostdisruptiveforceofagovernment

C.scientistsaremoreinclinedtosupporttheirgovernmentsthanwriters

D.Germanscientistsshouldnotbeonthesideoftheracists

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.inscientificeducation,theteachingofhistoryshouldn’tbeneglected

B.historyisimportantforapersonwhowantstobeoutstanding

C.historyisthemostimportantsubjectinscientificeducation

D.inscientificeducation,morehistorycoursesshouldbeprovided

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.contrastingsciencewithliterature

B.explainingwhatscienceis

C.givingabetterdefinitionofscience

D.pointingoutpeoplesmisunderstandingofscience

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“從第二段中可知，作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)下對(duì)‘科學(xué)’這個(gè)詞的定義是怎樣的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到“因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)下‘科學(xué)’的含義至少有兩種，但目前人們傾向于從一種含義轉(zhuǎn)向另一種含義，整個(gè)科學(xué)教育問(wèn)題模糊不清”(Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother)，因此選項(xiàng)A“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”符合題意。ambivalent“矛盾的”；questionable“可疑的，有問(wèn)題的”；inappropriate“不適當(dāng)?shù)摹薄?/p>

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“當(dāng)人們談?wù)摽茖W(xué)時(shí)，他們沒(méi)有涉及下列哪項(xiàng)？”文章第四段提到生物學(xué)家、天文學(xué)家，可能是心理學(xué)家或數(shù)學(xué)家，被描述為科學(xué)家，而沒(méi)有人會(huì)想到用這個(gè)詞來(lái)形容政治家、詩(shī)人、記者甚至哲學(xué)家（Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher），由此可知人們?cè)谡務(wù)摽茖W(xué)時(shí)，他們不是指哲學(xué)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。Physics“物理學(xué)”；physiology“生理學(xué)”；psychology“心理學(xué)”。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者將德國(guó)科學(xué)與克魯曼文學(xué)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，來(lái)支持下列哪個(gè)觀點(diǎn)？”文章第六段第四句提到人們常泛泛地說(shuō)“科學(xué)是國(guó)際性的”，但實(shí)際上所有國(guó)家的科學(xué)工作者都站在自己政府一邊，比作家和藝術(shù)家們所感到的顧慮要少得多(Itisoftenlooselysaidthat"Scienceisinternational,"butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists)。然后將德國(guó)科學(xué)家與文學(xué)家對(duì)待納粹黨的態(tài)度進(jìn)行對(duì)比，指出前者接受納粹黨，而后者則由于反對(duì)而受到迫害的居多，因此選項(xiàng)C“科學(xué)家比作家更傾向于支持他們的政府”符合題意。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“一個(gè)對(duì)歷史一無(wú)所知的普通人，與一個(gè)目不識(shí)丁的農(nóng)民相比，用歷史的記憶來(lái)說(shuō)明什么？”文章倒數(shù)第二段提到對(duì)大眾的科學(xué)教育如果只是注重在物理、化學(xué)、生物等方面的教育并沒(méi)有好處，可能還會(huì)有危害。然后提到接受科學(xué)教育的一般人的政治反應(yīng)可能比一個(gè)目不識(shí)丁的農(nóng)民的反應(yīng)要遲鈍，因?yàn)楹笳哌€保留著一些歷史記憶和相當(dāng)健全的審美意識(shí)（It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense），由此可知作者是為了說(shuō)明在科學(xué)教育中，歷史教學(xué)不應(yīng)該被忽略，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“這篇文章可以最好地概括為……”。文章開(kāi)篇由一封信引出科學(xué)這個(gè)概念，提到科學(xué)至少有兩種定義，而當(dāng)下用得比較多的定義是第一種，即精確的科學(xué)，比如化學(xué)、物理學(xué)等；接著提到科學(xué)家與文學(xué)家的區(qū)別，并且舉了德國(guó)科學(xué)與文學(xué)之間的區(qū)別的例子，這些都是在圍繞“科學(xué)是什么”這個(gè)主題進(jìn)行的。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagesyouraverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonisforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetotellusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

1.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat（）

2.Theword“bummer”(Line4.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething（）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising（）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.

B.artgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeeling.

C.artisthavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.

D.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.unpleasant

B.religious

C.entertaining

D.commercial

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happypart

B.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

C.replacethechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness.

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbyrefreshing.

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied.

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmorality.

D.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：作者以詩(shī)人華茲華斯和波德萊爾為例，意在說(shuō)明什么？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“WordsworthandBaudelaire”定位到第二段最后一句Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.（但是在19世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候，越來(lái)越多的藝術(shù)家開(kāi)始認(rèn)為幸福是平淡的、虛假的，或者更糟糕的是，令人厭煩的，這點(diǎn)可以從威廉?華茲華斯的《水仙花》到波德萊爾把鮮花描述為邪惡的轉(zhuǎn)變之中看出。）本段前面的內(nèi)容還提及“最早的藝術(shù)形式，如繪畫(huà)和音樂(lè)，是最適合表達(dá)快樂(lè)的”，前后形成對(duì)比構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，作者是想表達(dá)藝術(shù)家們改變了他們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)，過(guò)去的藝術(shù)形式是表達(dá)幸福和快樂(lè)，現(xiàn)在是虛假的幸福。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.詞義推斷題。題目問(wèn)的是：下面哪一個(gè)詞與“bummer”意思相近？根據(jù)題干信息定位到第五段最后兩句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（在西方的大眾傳媒和教育普及之前，最強(qiáng)大的傳播媒介就是教堂，它提醒信徒，他們的靈魂處于危險(xiǎn)之中，他們總有一天會(huì)成為蠕蟲(chóng)的食物?？紤]到這一切，他們并不需要自己的藝術(shù)也成為一個(gè)失敗者。）關(guān)鍵詞在于“too”，由此可推測(cè)“bummer”的意思與上一句有關(guān)聯(lián)，表示的是消極負(fù)面的意義，所以選項(xiàng)A與之意思最為接近。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是：作者認(rèn)為廣告是怎樣的？根據(jù)第六段的倒數(shù)第二句Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.（而且，由于這些信息都有一個(gè)目的——引誘我們打開(kāi)錢(qián)包——它們使幸福的概念看起來(lái)并不可靠。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“制造幸福的幻覺(jué)，而不是幸福本身”正確。

4.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：我們可以從最后一段了解到，作者相信什么？根據(jù)本段的最后一句It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（這——指的是反幸福的藝術(shù)——是一個(gè)比丁香香煙更苦澀的信息，但不知怎的，卻是一股新鮮空氣。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：下列哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的？A選項(xiàng)：大眾媒體傾向于報(bào)道災(zāi)難和死亡；B選項(xiàng)：藝術(shù)提供了期望和現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的平衡；C選項(xiàng)：人們對(duì)道德的現(xiàn)實(shí)感到失望；D選項(xiàng)：宗教曾起到提醒痛苦的作用。選項(xiàng)A、B、C在原文均沒(méi)有信息提及，只有D選項(xiàng)在原文最后一段提及，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.單選題

Thepresidentpaid_______tothefiremenwhohadfoughttheblaze,sayingtheirbraveryhadsavedcountlesslives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attention

B.heed

C.grief

D.tribute

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“attention”，意為注意力，關(guān)心；B選項(xiàng)“heed”，意為“注意，聽(tīng)從”；C選項(xiàng)“grief”，意為“悲痛，憂傷”；D選項(xiàng)“tribute”意為“致敬，悼念”，句意：總統(tǒng)向滅火的消防隊(duì)員致敬，稱贊他們的勇敢拯救了無(wú)數(shù)生命。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Usuallynewspapers（）forpeoplewithintellectualinterests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suit

B.furnish

C.regard

D.cater

【答案】D

【解析】cater?for為固定搭配,指迎合...,其他三個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)都是及物動(dòng)詞,不能直接跟介詞for。句意：人口稠密的地區(qū)是傳染病的滋生地。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Thelong-termfortunesofthemoderneconomydependinpartonthestrengthandsustainabilityofthefamily,bothinrelationtofertilitytrendsandtomarriagetrends.Thisbasic,butoftenover-looked,principleisnowatworkinthecurrentglobaleconomiccrisis.

Thedeclineofmarriageandfertilityisonefactorintheglobaleconomiccrisis.Thatis,onereasonthatsomeoftheworld’sleadingeconomies—fromJapantoItalytoSpaintotheeurozoneasawhole——arefacingfiscalchallengesisthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades.Persistentsub-replacementfertilityeventuallytranslatesintofewerworkersrelativetoretirees,whichputstremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole.Indeed,onerecentstudyfindsthatalmosthalfoftherecentrun-upinpublicdebtintheWestcanbeattributedtorapidagingoverthelasttwodecades.

EvenChinamayseeitssky-highgrowthcomedowntoearthinthenextfewdecadesasitsworkforceshrinks”becauseofitsone-childpolicy,asCarlosGavalleandIarguedinarecentreport,TheSustainableDemographicDividend.Bycontrast,arecentRandstudysuggeststhatIndiawillhavemorefavorabledemographicsthanChina”overthenextfewdecades,insofarasitsworkforceispoisedtogrow.Infact,theRandstudysuggeststhatIndiamaybeabletousethisdemographicad-vantagetooutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratesbytheendofthecentury.

Finally,it’snotjustfertilitythatmatters;it’salsomarriage.AtleastintheWest,childrenaremorelikelytoacquirethehumanandsocialcapitaltheyneedtothriveinthemoderneconomywhentheyareraisedinanintact,marriedfamilyintheU.S.,forinstance,childrenaremorelikelytograduatefromhighschool,completecollegeandbegainfullyemployedasyoungadultsiftheywereraisedinanintact,marriedfamily.

Andaroundtheglobe,menaremorelikelytogivetheirworktheirfullesteffortandattentionwhentheyaremarried；thisisonereasonmenworldwideenjoy“marriagepremiums”intheirin-come,rangingfromabout14percent(Mexico)to19percent(UnitedStates)to35percent(Rus-sia).So,atleastwhenitcomestomen，researchsuggeststhatmarriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity.

Thebottom-linemessageisthatwhathappensinthehomedoesnotstayathome;rather,thesizeoffamilies，andtheirstabilityandquality，hasimportantimplicationsforthehealthoftheglobale-conomy.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（）.

2.Onereasonthattheworld’sleadingeconomiesarefacingfiscalchallengesisthat（）.

3.“...itsworkforceispoisedtogrow”(Para.3)probablymeans（）

4.Fromthepassageweknowthat（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingcanaffecteconomyEXCEPT（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.womenshouldbearmorechildreninordertoboosttheeconomy

B.bothmarriageandfertilityaffectacountry’seconomy

C.marriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity

D.IndiawilloutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratebytheendofthecentury

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereisaglobaleconomiccrisisinrecentyears

B.therearefewerbabies,andconsequently,peoplespendlessonmanycommodities

C.peopleinthesecountrieshavefewerchildrenthanneededtoreplacethepopulationformanyyears

D.therearetremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itsworkforcepausestogrow

B.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowfast

C.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowsteadily

D.itsworkforcegrowsslowly

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.childrenfromanintact,marriedfamilyaremorelikelytohaveabetterlife

B.themorepeopleacountryhas,thestrongereconomyitwillhave

C.thehealthoftheglobaleconomydependsentirelyonindividualfamilies

D.menarelikelytoworkharderwhentheyaregoingtohavechildren

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thesizeoffamilies

B.thestabilityoffamilies

C.thequalityoffamilies

D.menandwomenratiowithinthefamilies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。本文開(kāi)篇指出：現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取決于家庭力量和承受力，也與生育和婚姻趨勢(shì)密切相關(guān)。因此，B項(xiàng)（婚姻和生育都會(huì)影響一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)）正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“fiscalchallenges”定位至第二段：onereason...isthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades（一個(gè)重要原因在于生育率低于替代水平）。因此，C項(xiàng)（這些國(guó)家的人民多年來(lái)沒(méi)有足夠的子女來(lái)取代人口）正確。

3.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段。第三段指出：中國(guó)獨(dú)生子女政策使人口增長(zhǎng)放緩，而印度人口還在快速增長(zhǎng)，因此，C項(xiàng)（勞動(dòng)力持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)）正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段指出：當(dāng)孩子們?cè)谝粋€(gè)完好無(wú)損的已婚家庭長(zhǎng)大時(shí)，更有可能從高中畢業(yè)，完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)，并作為年輕人獲得豐厚的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。因此推斷,選項(xiàng)A（來(lái)自完好無(wú)損的已婚家庭的孩子更有可能過(guò)上更好的生活）正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段指出，影響全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的其他因素還有家庭大小、穩(wěn)定性和家庭關(guān)系和諧度，分別對(duì)應(yīng)A、B、C選項(xiàng)，因此D項(xiàng)除外。

6.單選題

G.Barela,afamousfootballplay,was（

）toManchesterUnitedin2013byamillionpounds.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitted

B.transferred

C.transacted

D.transported

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transmit“傳輸，傳播”；B選項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移（地方）；調(diào)動(dòng)（工作）；使（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)或轉(zhuǎn)隊(duì)”；C選項(xiàng)transact“交易，談判”；D選項(xiàng)transport“運(yùn)輸”。句意為：著名的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員巴雷拉，2013年以一百萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)至曼切斯特聯(lián)隊(duì)旗下。故答案選B。

7.單選題

Asrecentlyaslatelastyear,（）reportscirculatingamongUSandotherinternationalofficialscitednumerousGreeksecurityflawsduringcounter-terrorismexercisesconductedlastAugust.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conspicuous

B.confidential

C.complimentary

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。conspicuous“顯著的”；confidential“秘密的，機(jī)密的”；complimentary“稱贊的，贈(zèng)送的”；confident“自信的，確信的”。句意：在去年年底，在美國(guó)和其他國(guó)家官員傳播的機(jī)密報(bào)告引用了希臘在去年8月份的反恐演習(xí)中出現(xiàn)了許多安全漏洞。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadattheturnofthecentury,andaswouldrhythmandbluesinthefifties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer’sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechorus-longormulticoursesolotookhold.LouisArmstrong’sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.Unimproved,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled“hot”andlater“swing”.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.(“Rough”toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributedtoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivitytoplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Accordingtothepassage,jazzmusiciansareabletodemonstratetheirindividualartistrymainlyby?

3.Whichofthefollowingwasthefunctionof“get-off”musicians?

4.Theword“unadorned”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Thetopicofthepassageisdevelopedprimarilybymeansof（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whichearlyjazzmusiciansmostinfluencedrhythmandbluesmusic?

B.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenjazzandotherformsofmusic?

C.WhyisdancingcloselyrelatedtopopularmusicintheUnitedStates?

D.Whatinstrumentscomprisedatypicaljazzbandofthe1920’s?

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.creatingmusicalvariationswhileperforming

B.preparingmusicalarrangements

C.readingmusicwithgreatskill

D.beingabletoplayalltypesofpopularmusic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Assisttheotherbandmembersinpackingupafteraperformance.

B.Teachdanceroutinescreatedfornewmusic.

C.Leadtheband.

D.Providesoloperformancesinabandororchestra.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.lovely

B.plain

C.disorganized

D.inexpensive

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.dividingthediscussionintotwomajorareas

B.presentingcontrastingpointsofview

C.providingbiographiesoffamousmusician

D.describinghistoricaleventsinsequence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文中討論了爵士樂(lè)和其他形式的音樂(lè)，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)將爵士樂(lè)和其他形式的音樂(lè)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開(kāi)，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“爵士音樂(lè)與其他形式的音樂(lè)最大的區(qū)別是什么”符合文章大意，A選項(xiàng)“哪位早期的爵士樂(lè)手對(duì)節(jié)奏和藍(lán)調(diào)音樂(lè)影響最大”，并沒(méi)有談?wù)摵芏鄻?lè)手；C選項(xiàng)“為什么美國(guó)的舞蹈和音樂(lè)的聯(lián)系那么密切”，文章沒(méi)有談及美國(guó)的舞蹈，只開(kāi)始一句帶過(guò)；D選項(xiàng)“什么樂(lè)器組成了19世紀(jì)20年代最典型的爵士樂(lè)隊(duì)”，樂(lè)器方面也并未過(guò)多說(shuō)明。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段提到Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.和所有的藝術(shù)家一樣，爵士音樂(lè)家追求自己獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格，即興創(chuàng)作或意譯是爵士音樂(lè)家展示自己個(gè)性的主要機(jī)會(huì)。A選項(xiàng)“在表演時(shí)創(chuàng)造音樂(lè)的變化”與原文意思相同；B選項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備音樂(lè)改編”，不是準(zhǔn)備好的音樂(lè)，而是即興的；C選項(xiàng)“有技巧的閱讀音樂(lè)”并未提及；選項(xiàng)D“能夠演奏所有類(lèi)型的流行音樂(lè)”也不對(duì)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章第二段Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.“即使在二十世紀(jì)初，一些爵士樂(lè)隊(duì)也有獨(dú)唱的特色。類(lèi)似地，表演樂(lè)團(tuán)和嘉年華樂(lè)隊(duì)通常也會(huì)有一兩個(gè)這樣的“get-off”音樂(lè)家?！笨芍?，“get-off”音樂(lè)家的功能是獨(dú)唱。A選項(xiàng)“演出結(jié)束后，協(xié)助其他樂(lè)隊(duì)成員收拾行裝”并未涉及；B選項(xiàng)“教新音樂(lè)的舞蹈動(dòng)作”，文中只提到獨(dú)唱并沒(méi)有說(shuō)舞蹈動(dòng)作；C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)樂(lè)隊(duì)”與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“在樂(lè)隊(duì)或管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)中提供獨(dú)奏表演”與原文提到的獨(dú)唱特色相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:詞義推測(cè)題。由unadorned這個(gè)詞定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士樂(lè)都是熱門(mén)的，許多早期的樂(lè)隊(duì)演奏的是未經(jīng)修飾的已出版的流行歌曲?！庇纱丝芍?，unadorned的意思為“未經(jīng)修飾的，樸素的”。A選項(xiàng)“可愛(ài)的”意思不同；B選項(xiàng)“平的，普通的，樸素的”與之意思一致；C選項(xiàng)“紊亂的”錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“便宜的”可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合51題內(nèi)容，文中討論了爵士樂(lè)和其他形式的音樂(lè)，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)將爵士樂(lè)和其他形式的音樂(lè)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開(kāi)敘述，所以這篇文章的主題主要是通過(guò)分開(kāi)表述爵士樂(lè)區(qū)分其他音樂(lè)的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開(kāi)的。A選項(xiàng)“把討論分成兩個(gè)主要部分”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“提出相反的觀點(diǎn)”，原文沒(méi)有提出其他相反觀點(diǎn)，B錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“提供著名音樂(lè)家的傳記”，文中沒(méi)有涉及音樂(lè)人物傳記；D選項(xiàng)“按順序描述歷史事件”文章并未敘述歷史事件，可以排除。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Notallpersonsarrestedand（）withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentenced

B.accused

C.persecuted

D.charged

【答案】D

【解析】sentenced判決，審判；accused指控，控告；persecuted迫害；charged指控，控告。句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要職能是根據(jù)法律確定誰(shuí)是有罪的。accused和charged都有指控的意思，但是accused不能與介詞with搭配，而應(yīng)與of搭配，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.單選題

Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex（

）periodandtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transition

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。transition"過(guò)渡”；transaction“交易；事務(wù)”；transmission“傳動(dòng)裝置，傳送；transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換；改革；變形”。句意：退休很明顯是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過(guò)渡期，你越早計(jì)劃，越好。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.填空題

A:Howlonghaveyouandyourteambeen（1）onthatfinalreport?

B:（2）aweekandahalfnow.Thedeadlineforsubmissionistomorrowat5o’clock.Ifwedon’tgetitdone（3）then,we’llreallybeinhotwater!Ihaven’tsleptawink（4）thedaybeforeyesterday.

A:No（5）youlooksotiredthen!IstherethatIcandotohelp?

B:Idon’tthinkso,butthanksforoffering.

A:Well,I（6）youluck!

【答案】working;For;by;since;wonder;anything;wish

【解析】句意:

——你和你的團(tuán)隊(duì)在完成最后那一篇報(bào)告上花了多久時(shí)間？

——到現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)半星期了。上交的截止日期是明天五點(diǎn)。如果我們?cè)谀菚r(shí)間

點(diǎn)還沒(méi)完成的話，我們就會(huì)有麻煩了。從前天開(kāi)始我就沒(méi)合過(guò)眼了。

——難怪你看起來(lái)很疲憊。我可以幫你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？

——我認(rèn)為不用。但是謝謝你的好意。

——好，祝你好運(yùn)！

1.固定搭配。workon致力于，繼續(xù)工作，因?yàn)楹竺媸莊inalreport，說(shuō)明之前還做了其它工作，因此這里應(yīng)該是取“繼續(xù)工作”之意。

2.語(yǔ)義題。此處的aweekandahalf是一個(gè)時(shí)間段,因此用for。

3.語(yǔ)義題。此處表示“截至”那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)會(huì)有什么樣的后果,因此填by。

4.固定搭配。nowonder難怪。

5.常用語(yǔ)。”IsthereanythingIcandotohelp?(有什么可以幫到你嗎)”是常用的交際用語(yǔ)。

6.常用語(yǔ)。Iwishyouluck祝你好運(yùn)。

12.單選題

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】考查主謂一致。通過(guò)