書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱金融學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

Undertheimpactofmodernscience,theveryconceptionofthetaskofphilosophyhasundergonearadicalreorientation.Inverybroadhistoricalperspectiveitmaybesaidthatthephilosophersthroughouttheageshavebeenengagedinthreemajorendeavors:theyhavebeensearchingforabsolutetruthsregardingbasicreality,andforabsolutestandardsofmorality;theyhavetriedtoconstructasynthesis,aviewoftheuniverseandofman'splaceinit,i.e.,aperspectivethatwouldintegratethevariouscontributionsofthesciencesintoanintelligibleandharmoniouswhole;finally,philosophershaveattemptedtoclarifythemeaningandthevalidityofthefundamentalconcepts,assumptions,andmethodsofknowledgeandofevaluation.

Inthelightofmodernscience,i.e.,notonlyofitsresultsandconclusionsbutespeciallyofitsopen-mindedattitudeandcriticalapproach,thesearchforabsolutetruthislargelybeingabandonedasfruitless,ifnotasmeaningless.Thespiritofcontemporaryscienceis"critical"inthesensethatallitsconclusionsareconsideredsoundortenableonly"untilfurthernotice".Inotherwords,neitheroftheextremes-dogmatismorskepticism—isacceptable.Thepoliceoftheopenmindindicatesthatwhileweshouldkeepallourconvictionsinprincipleopenforcriticismandrevision,itisperfectlyreasonabletoreplyonwell-confirmedassumptionsuntilstrongevidenceforcesustomodifyortoreplacethembyotherassumptionsthataremorestronglysupportedbyrelevantevidence.

【答案】在現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的沖擊下，哲學(xué)任務(wù)這個(gè)概念已經(jīng)發(fā)生了徹底的再定位。從更廣泛的歷史角度來(lái)看，可以說(shuō)，哲學(xué)家們自古以來(lái)都在從事三大事業(yè)：他們一直在尋找關(guān)于基本現(xiàn)實(shí)的絕對(duì)真理和絕對(duì)的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。他們?cè)噲D構(gòu)建一種綜合的觀點(diǎn)，一種對(duì)宇宙及人類(lèi)在宇宙中所處位置的看法，是一種將科學(xué)的各種貢獻(xiàn)整合成一個(gè)明白易懂的和諧整體的觀點(diǎn)。最后，哲學(xué)家們?cè)噲D澄清知識(shí)和評(píng)估的基本概念、假設(shè)和方法的意義以及有效性。

根據(jù)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)，不僅根據(jù)其結(jié)果和結(jié)論，而且特別是其開(kāi)放的態(tài)度和批評(píng)方法，對(duì)絕對(duì)真理的探索在很大程度上被放棄，即使不是毫無(wú)意義，也是徒勞無(wú)益的。當(dāng)代科學(xué)的精神是“批判性的”，因?yàn)樗乃薪Y(jié)論直到“進(jìn)一步注意”才被認(rèn)為是合理的或可成立的。換句話說(shuō)，這兩個(gè)極端——教條主義或懷疑主義——都是不可接受的。持開(kāi)放態(tài)度的警方表示，雖然，原則上，我們的所有信念都應(yīng)公開(kāi)接受批評(píng)和修改，但是，在有力證據(jù)迫使我們修改或用因相關(guān)證據(jù)而得到更有力支持的其他假設(shè)來(lái)代替它們之前，回應(yīng)已充分證實(shí)了的假設(shè)是完全合理的。

2.單選題

Itisanoffencetoshow（）againstpeopleofdifferentraces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.difference

C.separation

D.discrimination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinction“區(qū)別，差別”；B選項(xiàng)difference“差異，不同”；C選項(xiàng)separation“分離，分開(kāi)”；D選項(xiàng)discrimination“歧視，區(qū)別”句意：歧視其他種族的人是一種冒犯行為。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Iaskedseveralvillagersthewaytotheriver,butnoneofthemwasvery（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trustworthy

B.knowledgeable

C.considerate

D.forthcoming

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。trustworthy“可靠的，可信賴(lài)的”；knowledgeable“知識(shí)淵博的，有知識(shí)的”；considerate“體貼的”；forthcoming“即將來(lái)臨的”。句意：我問(wèn)了好幾個(gè)村民怎么樣去那條河，但是他們的說(shuō)法都不可靠。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquitelucidthismorning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rational

B.peaceful

C.patient

D.insane

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:她昨晚昏迷不醒，但今天早晨她起來(lái)很清醒。

rational:理智的。peaceful:和平的，平靜的。patient:耐心的,耐煩的。insane:患精神病的，極度愚蠢的。lucid:頭腦清楚的，理智的。故選A。

5.單選題

Contentisthesubjectmatterofarchitecture,theelementinarchitecturalexpressionthatcommunicatesspecificmeaningsthat（）tosocietythefunctionsandtechniquesofbuildings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interpret

B.tell

C.identify

D.modify

【答案】A

【解析】interpret解釋?zhuān)忈專(zhuān)籺ell告訴，告知；identify證實(shí)；modify修飾，更改。句意：內(nèi)容是建筑的主題，是建筑表達(dá)中傳達(dá)特定意義的元素，向社會(huì)詮釋建筑的功能和技術(shù)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.單選題

Heisas_____apoliticianasyoucanfindanywhere.There’snotahintofscandalinhislongcareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scrupulous

B.voracious

C.epicurean

D.profuse

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“一絲不茍的；審慎正直的”，B項(xiàng)“貪吃的；渴求的”，C項(xiàng)“享樂(lè)的；吃喝玩樂(lè)的”，D項(xiàng)“大量的；慷慨的”，根據(jù)后一句“在他漫長(zhǎng)的職業(yè)生涯中沒(méi)有一絲丑聞”，故選A。

7.單選題

Improvedconsumerconfidenceis______toaneconomicrecovery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crucial

B.subordinate

C.cumulative

D.satisfactory

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.crucial至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的B.subordinate隸屬的，從屬的

C.cumulative（在力量或重要性方面）聚積的，積累的D.satisfactory令人滿(mǎn)意的，夠好的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“消費(fèi)者信心的增強(qiáng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇______”可知，空格處表示“至關(guān)重要的”符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】消費(fèi)者信心的增強(qiáng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇至關(guān)重要。

8.單選題

Thefarmersreceiveda（

）fromthegovernmenttogrowhiscrop.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsidy

B.subsidiary

C.subordinate

D.successor

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)subsidy“補(bǔ)貼”；B選項(xiàng)subsidiary“輔助者”；C選項(xiàng)subordinate“下屬，下級(jí)”；D選項(xiàng)successor“繼承者”。句意：農(nóng)民們從政府那里得到了補(bǔ)貼來(lái)種植作物。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Ifoundtherewasalotof（

）theftinthisarea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.petty

B.pretty

C.major

D.peril

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)petty“瑣碎的，小規(guī)模的”；B選項(xiàng)pretty“漂亮的”；C選項(xiàng)major“主要的”；D選項(xiàng)peril“危及，置...于險(xiǎn)境”。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)地區(qū)有很多小規(guī)模的偷盜行為。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

10.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedasslowlyfortwothousandyears—andwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionswhichhaveinterestedthemodernphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodernphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemoderneraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodernsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodernscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservation—thesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemoderns;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodernispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesitexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticularclassoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

25.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis?

26.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimesis____.

27.Theunderlinedword“ascertain”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans____.

28.Thedifferencebetween“fact”and“theory”____.

29.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis____.

30.Thestatement“Theoriesarefacts”maybecalled____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience.

C.TheVerificationofFacts.

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.findout

B.confirm

C.announce

D.makesure

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodernscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.aninductivescience

B.inneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.ametaphor

B.aparadox

C.anappraisaloftheinductiveanddeductivemethods

D.apun

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

【解析】25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis?最能表達(dá)這篇文章觀點(diǎn)的題目是？

A.Philosophyofmathematics.A.數(shù)學(xué)的哲學(xué)

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience.B.科學(xué)的最新發(fā)展

C.TheVerificationofFacts.C.事實(shí)的核實(shí)

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry.D.科學(xué)探究的方法

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】

1）分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)：本文的結(jié)構(gòu)大致為“提出問(wèn)題——對(duì)已有的解釋進(jìn)行分析”。

第一段提到“現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)家感興趣的問(wèn)題，為什么歸納和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)，在希臘文明達(dá)到頂峰時(shí)第一次快速發(fā)展（theirfirstrapiddevelopment）之后，兩千年來(lái)發(fā)展緩慢（slowlyfortwothousandyears），以及為什么在接下來(lái)的二百年中，自然科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)的發(fā)展（sovastlyexceeds）大大超過(guò)了以前所知道的一切”；

第二段否定了解釋1——“古人在科學(xué)研究中主要采用演繹法（deduction），而現(xiàn)代人則采用歸納法（induction），這種解釋過(guò)于狹隘（toonarrow），經(jīng)仔細(xì)考察，無(wú)法充分（fails）清楚地指出古代和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)學(xué)說(shuō)和研究之間明顯的對(duì)比”；

第三段否定了解釋2——“沒(méi)有使用或充分使用這些局部方法中的任何一種，在觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)的藝術(shù)和資源上的缺陷，在觀察中粗心，忽視相關(guān)事實(shí)，訴諸于實(shí)驗(yàn)和觀察”；

第四段否定了解釋3——古人試圖通過(guò)將“事實(shí)”與“理論”或“事實(shí)”與“觀念”對(duì)立來(lái)解釋這一現(xiàn)象；

第五段肯定了第四段中將“事實(shí)”與“理論”進(jìn)行區(qū)分的可取之處，即這種區(qū)分包含了真正方法的一個(gè)重要特征。

2）提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞：methods“方法”。

綜上所述，D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)探究的方法”最適合做本文的標(biāo)題。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)的哲學(xué)”，本文并未提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的最新發(fā)展”，只是在開(kāi)頭第一段引入問(wèn)題時(shí)被提到，屬于背景信息，并不能概括全文，不適合做本文標(biāo)題，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)的核實(shí)”，只是本文第四、五段的內(nèi)容，并不能概括全文，不適合做本文標(biāo)題，屬于本末倒置。

26【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimesis____.作者認(rèn)為，古希臘和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)展的一個(gè)可能原因是____。

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiodsA.這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的相似之處

B.thatitwasanactofGodB.是上帝的杰作

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethodC.他們都試圖發(fā)展歸納法

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethodD.由于演繹法的衰落

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimes可定位到本文第1段最后一句，該句說(shuō)到“或者，我們是否應(yīng)該把這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的特點(diǎn)歸因于所謂的歷史偶然性——?dú)w因于環(huán)境中結(jié)合的影響？這種影響，除非以指導(dǎo)我們的上帝的全能和智慧（theomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence）來(lái)解釋?zhuān)駝t是無(wú)法解釋的?！庇纱丝芍髡哒J(rèn)為上帝是一個(gè)可能的原因。“God”是“aguidingProvidence”的同義替換。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的相似之處”，原文并未提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“他們都試圖發(fā)展歸納法”，原文雖然提到了歸納法，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這兩個(gè)時(shí)期都試圖發(fā)展歸納法，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“由于演繹法的衰落”，原文雖然提到了演繹法，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)演繹法的衰落，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theunderlinedword“ascertain”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans____.第三段中劃線的單詞“ascertain”的意思可能是____。

A.findoutA.發(fā)現(xiàn)

B.confirmB.證實(shí)

C.announceC.宣布

D.makesureD.確保

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】

句中前后信息銜接：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thethirdparagraph定位到原文第3段。本段第1句破折號(hào)后ascertain所在部分的句意是“無(wú)論是古代還是現(xiàn)代，這些都是導(dǎo)致不能____真理/真相的錯(cuò)誤?！?/p>

2）上下文語(yǔ)義銜接：由第一題的解析可得，本文的主題是“科學(xué)研究的方法”，第3段第1句破折號(hào)前的句子是展開(kāi)介紹在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中犯的錯(cuò)誤，那么此處的truth指的應(yīng)該是科學(xué)真理，由此可知，ascertain是搭配“真理”的動(dòng)詞，“宣布真理”和“確保真理”不能搭配，由此可排除C、D選項(xiàng)；

3）分析詞匯本身：ascertain中certain是“確實(shí)，確信”的意思，因此B選項(xiàng)“證實(shí)”更符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不符合原文。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedifferencebetween“fact”and“theory”____.“事實(shí)”和“理論”的區(qū)別____。

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmationA.是后者需要證實(shí)

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformerB.在于前者的簡(jiǎn)單性

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodernscientistsandtheancientGreeksC.是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家和古希臘科學(xué)家的區(qū)別

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethodD.幫助我們理解演繹法

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thedifferencebetween“fact”and“theory”定位到原文最后一段。該段最后兩句提到“如果一個(gè)理論是正確的，它就具有事實(shí)的所有特征，只是它的證實(shí)（exceptthatitsverification）只能通過(guò)間接的、遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的手段。”“將理論轉(zhuǎn)化為事實(shí)就是增加了簡(jiǎn)單的驗(yàn)證（addsimpleverification），從而使理論獲得了事實(shí)的全部特征?！庇纱丝芍碚摰玫津?yàn)證之后就會(huì)變成真理，因此，A選項(xiàng)“是后者需要證實(shí)”就是“事實(shí)”和“理論”的區(qū)別。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“在于前者的簡(jiǎn)單性”，可定位到原文最后一段第2句，該句說(shuō)“事實(shí)是簡(jiǎn)單的命題”，原文雖然提到了“事實(shí)”很簡(jiǎn)單，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這是兩者之間的區(qū)別，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家和古希臘科學(xué)家的區(qū)別”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“幫助我們理解演繹法”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis____.據(jù)作者介紹，數(shù)學(xué)是____。

A.aninductivescienceA.歸納科學(xué)

B.inneedofsimpleverificationB.需要簡(jiǎn)單的驗(yàn)證

C.adeductivescienceC.演繹科學(xué)

D.basedonfactandtheoryD.以事實(shí)和理論為基礎(chǔ)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】原文并未直接介紹數(shù)學(xué)是什么科學(xué)，只在首段引入話題時(shí)提到了數(shù)學(xué)。根據(jù)原文第一段第1句“為什么歸納和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)（theinductiveandmathematicalsciences），在希臘文明達(dá)到頂峰時(shí)第一次快速發(fā)展之后，兩千年來(lái)發(fā)展緩慢”，由此可知，數(shù)學(xué)是一種科學(xué)，根據(jù)作者將歸納科學(xué)（inductivescience）與數(shù)學(xué)（mathematicalscience）并列可推斷，作者認(rèn)為兩者非同類(lèi)的科學(xué)，“歸納和演繹”是相對(duì)的兩種科學(xué)方法分類(lèi)，因此，作者認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)是一種演繹科學(xué)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“歸納科學(xué)”，根據(jù)【解題思路】可排除該選項(xiàng)；

B選項(xiàng)“需要簡(jiǎn)單的驗(yàn)證”，可定位到原文最后一段最后一句，該句提到“理論變成事實(shí)需要簡(jiǎn)單的驗(yàn)證（Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification）”，由此可知，該選項(xiàng)表述的是一種科學(xué)方法，不是對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的介紹，屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“以事實(shí)和理論為基礎(chǔ)”，原文在最后兩段提到了“事實(shí)和理論”，但并未涉及數(shù)學(xué)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thestatement“Theoriesarefacts”maybecalled____.“理論就是事實(shí)”這句話可以叫作____。

A.ametaphorA.比喻（暗喻）

B.aparadoxB.悖論

C.anappraisaloftheinductiveanddeductivemethodsC.對(duì)歸納和演繹方法的贊美

D.apunD.雙關(guān)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Theories和facts定位到原文最后兩段。倒數(shù)第2段第2句提到“事實(shí)和理論不是完全對(duì)立的（theantithesisisnotcomplete）”，后一句又說(shuō)“事實(shí)和理論不是協(xié)調(diào)的類(lèi)別（notcoordinatespecies）”由此可知，事實(shí)和理論不是完全對(duì)立又不是完全統(tǒng)一的。第4段最后一句說(shuō)到“如果理論是正確的（Theories,iftrue），那么它就是一類(lèi)特定的事實(shí)（aparticularclassoffacts）”，由此可知，正確的理論是事實(shí)，錯(cuò)誤的理論不是事實(shí)。因此題干中“理論就是事實(shí)”的表述是B選項(xiàng)“悖論”。（注：悖論是“如果其中一部分是正確的，那么另一部分就不可能是正確的”的陳述。）

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均沒(méi)有依據(jù)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

11.單選題

Thedetectivewatchedandsawthesuspect______ahotelatthecorneroftheStreet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gettingoffthetaxiandwalkinginto

B.gotoffthetaxiandwalkedinto

C.getoffthetaxiandwalkinto

D.gotoffthetaxitowalkinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：偵探看著嫌疑犯下了出租車(chē)，走進(jìn)了街角的一家旅館。本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是watchedandsaw，橫線處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在這里指“看見(jiàn)他下出租車(chē)和進(jìn)旅館”的整個(gè)過(guò)程。watch/seesb.doingsth.“看見(jiàn)某人正在做（瞬間）”，watch/seesb.dosth.“看見(jiàn)某人做了某事（全過(guò)程）”，C選項(xiàng)getoffthetaxiandwalkinto符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thefactthattheyreactedsodifferentlywasareflectionoftheirdifferent（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.performances

B.personalities

C.qualities

D.debut

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)performance“表現(xiàn)”，B項(xiàng)personality“人格，個(gè)性”，C項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)量”，D項(xiàng)debut“初次登臺(tái)，開(kāi)張”。句意：他們的反應(yīng)如此不同，反映了他們不同的個(gè)性。根據(jù)句意，該題選B正確。

13.單選題

Athoroughstudyofbiologyrequires______withthepropertiesoftreesandplants,andthehabitsofbirdsandbeasts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquisition

B.acquaintance

C.discrimination

D.justification

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquisition“獲得物，獲得；收購(gòu)”；B選項(xiàng)acquaintance“熟人；熟悉；熟知；相識(shí)；了解；知道”；C選項(xiàng)discrimination“歧視；區(qū)別，辨別；識(shí)別力”；D選項(xiàng)justification“理由；辯護(hù)；認(rèn)為有理，認(rèn)為正當(dāng)；釋罪”。句意：徹底的生物學(xué)研究需要_____樹(shù)木和植物的特性以及鳥(niǎo)獸的習(xí)性。此處填“熟悉”一詞最符合句意，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thesonofthepresidentemerged（）fromthecourtafterallthechargesagainsthimweredroppedbecauseofalackofevidence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.downhearted

B.unfavorable

C.despicable

D.triumphant

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在所有指控因缺乏證據(jù)而被撤銷(xiāo)后,總統(tǒng)的兒子得意洋洋地從法庭走了出來(lái)。

考查形容詞辨析。downhearted沒(méi)精打采的，垂頭喪氣的;unfavorable不宜的，令人不快的，不順利的；despicable可恥的；triumphant成功的，得意洋詳?shù)摹Ｒ虼薉符合句意。

15.單選題

ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-dayflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.Chile,therefore,isfightinghardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcominghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.ItissucceedinginexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWesternEuropebutnotinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.

LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChilestouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyear.Thestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworldwidecampaign,takingpartintradefairsandinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.Chile’sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararcgenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.

Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour'sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialist,visitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion'srivers.However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandpartpoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile'stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUSandEuropewhileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile'sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,includingGreenpeace,saythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-developed.

ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsuffertheculturaldestructionwitnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.ThepolicyofopeningupAntarcticatotourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanentsettlementsontheiceandmanypeopleseethedecisiontoallowtouriststhereasapoliticalmove,enhancingSantiago'sterritorialclaimoverpartofAntarctica.TheChileanGovernmenthaspromisedtorespecttheenvironmentasitseekstobringtourismpotential.TheGovernmentwillhavetomonitordevelopmentscloselyifitisgenuinelyconcernedincreatingabalanced,controlledindustryandifthepriceofanincreasinglylucrativetouristmarketisnotgoingtomeanthelossofmanyofChile'snaturalriches.

1.Chileisdisadvantagedinthepromotionofitstourismby（

）.

2.MorethanhalfofChile'stouristscomefrom

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,Chile'sgreatestattractionis

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,inWHICHareaimprovementisalreadyunderway?

5.Accordingtothearticle,inChile,theservicesofairlinestoAsiaare（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.geographicallocation

B.guerrillawarfare

C.politicalinstability

D.streetcrime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.USA

B.theFarEast

C.westernEurope

D.Argentina

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theunspoiltbeaches

B.thedryandhotdesert

C.thefamousmountainrange

D.thehighstandardofservices

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Facilitiesintheskiresorts.

B.Domestictransportsystem.

C.AirservicestoAsia.

D.Roadnetworkinthesouth.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.onlyasmallnumberofroutes

B.almostnon-existent

C.asmanyasinEurope

D.thelargestamount

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“智利在推銷(xiāo)旅游業(yè)時(shí)不足之處是……”。文章第一段提到“智利在推銷(xiāo)自己是一個(gè)好的旅游去處所面對(duì)的困難是因?yàn)樗幵诘厍虻淖钸吘墶保═hebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth），由此可知是因?yàn)樗牡乩砦恢脤?dǎo)致旅游業(yè)發(fā)展不好，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“智利一半以上的游客來(lái)自哪里”。文章第一段最后一句提到超過(guò)50%的游客來(lái)自阿根廷（Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，智利最大的景點(diǎn)是……”。文章第二段最后一句提到王牌是安第斯山脈（ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章可知，哪方面的改革已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行”。文章第三段提到“國(guó)內(nèi)的交通正在改善，豪華酒店正在其中一個(gè)國(guó)家公園內(nèi)興建”（Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks），由此可知，正在進(jìn)行改革的是國(guó)內(nèi)的交通系統(tǒng)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“從文章中可得知，智利通往亞洲的航線服務(wù)……”。文章第三段提到飛往亞洲的航線幾乎不存在（WhileChile'stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUSandEuropewhileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.

Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.

ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctorstwoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialistsinagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes.Regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistswhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements，physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.

Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.Smedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.

Whowillbetheretotreatthem?

1.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.Shealthcaresystemis（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat（

）.

3.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminatelyprimarycarephysicianshaveto

（

）.

4.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?

5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians

B.thedecliningnumberofdoctors

C.theshrinkingprimarycareresources

D.theever-risinghealthcarecosts

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure

B.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors

C.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth

D.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime

B.improvetheirexpertiseandservice

C.makevariousdealswithspecialists

D.seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.

B.Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.

C.Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.

D.Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.

B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知作者提出了美國(guó)目前初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)師比例的嚴(yán)重失衡，造成這一現(xiàn)象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解決的方法，因此C選項(xiàng)“初級(jí)保健資源萎縮”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.（與人們普遍的看法相反，醫(yī)生照顧你的次數(shù)越多，就不能保證更好的護(hù)理）可知人們通常認(rèn)為醫(yī)生照顧病人越多，就越好。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段和第五段中physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices（醫(yī)生們別無(wú)選擇，只能增加數(shù)量以增加收入。拒絕妥協(xié)質(zhì)量的初級(jí)保健醫(yī)師要么被逐出行業(yè)，要么從事與一些現(xiàn)金相關(guān)的行業(yè)）可知D選項(xiàng)“以犧牲質(zhì)量為代價(jià)看更多的病人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第六段Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.（他們看到了費(fèi)用返還體制是如何嚴(yán)重地弄虛作假，不利于初級(jí)護(hù)理）可知B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)行制度是針對(duì)初級(jí)護(hù)理”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第三段提出了解決初級(jí)護(hù)理的一些措施，包括：改革醫(yī)生返還費(fèi)用制度；減輕初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生壓力；免除選擇初級(jí)護(hù)理作為職業(yè)的學(xué)生貸款；縮小專(zhuān)科醫(yī)師與初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)師薪水的差異。因此A選項(xiàng)“縮小專(zhuān)家和初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生之間的工資差距”符合題意。

17.單選題

Thenationalityoftheminoritygroupsinthatcountryisstill（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlarge

B.atissue

C.atrisk

D.atleisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。atlarge“詳盡的”；atissue“爭(zhēng)議中的”；atrisk“處于危險(xiǎn)中”；atleisu