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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-同濟(jì)大學(xué)浙江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthat“socialepidemics”aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformedpersuasive,orwellconnected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.
Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”:Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.
Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredatall.
Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence:WiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon’tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemics,byinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttodegreeremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexample,thecascadeofchangewon’tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.
Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsocialinfluencebyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.
56.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto______.
57.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”______.
58.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat______.
59.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inParagraph4referstotheoneswho______.
60.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics
B.discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas
C.exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics
D.describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems
B.hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends
C.haswonsupportfrominfluentials
D.requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.thepowerofinfluencesgoeswithsocialinteractions
B.interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia
C.influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic
D.mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence
B.havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence
C.areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers
D.areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Theeagernesstobeaccepted.
B.Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers.
C.Thereadinesstobeinfluenced.
D.Theinclinationtorelyonothers.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】56.推理判斷題。題干意思是“通過引用《引爆點(diǎn)》一書,作者想要……”。第一段最后一句指出Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.(這個(gè)想法在直覺上很有說服力,但它并沒有解釋這種想法實(shí)際上是如何傳播的),可推斷作者引用這本書是想要討論影響者在傳播思想中發(fā)揮的作用,故B項(xiàng)“討論影響者在傳播思想中的作用”正確。A項(xiàng)“分析社會(huì)流行病的后果”和C項(xiàng)“舉例說明人們對社會(huì)流行病的直覺反應(yīng)”在文中沒有提及;D項(xiàng)“描述影響者的基本特征”這是文章的細(xì)節(jié)描述,不夠概括作者的總體主旨。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
57.推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為‘兩級傳播理論’……”。第二段第一句提到Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”(人們認(rèn)為有影響力的人很重要,這源于一個(gè)聽起來貌似合理但基本上未經(jīng)驗(yàn)證的理論,即“兩級傳播理論”)可知,作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)理論聽起來合理但沒有經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證,即沒有可靠的證據(jù)支持,所以D項(xiàng)“對于它的有效性需要可靠的證據(jù)”符合題意。第二段第二句提到Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.(營銷人員已經(jīng)接受了兩級傳播,因?yàn)樗砻鳎绻麄兡苷业讲⒂绊懩切┯杏绊懥Φ娜?,這些被選中的人就會(huì)為他們做大部分工作),接著第三段指出Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.(然而,在他們最近的工作中,一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),影響者對社會(huì)流行的影響遠(yuǎn)比一般認(rèn)為的要?。┛芍?,“兩級傳播理論”在營銷中的作用不大,A項(xiàng)“是作為營銷問題的解決方案”不符合原文;根據(jù)第二段第三句Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.(這一理論似乎也解釋了某些外觀、品牌或社區(qū)的突然和意外的流行)中的seems(似乎)可知,作者不太認(rèn)為該理論解釋了某些流行趨勢發(fā)生的原因,故B項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)幫助解釋了某些流行趨勢”錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)“贏得了有影響力的人的支持”在文中沒有提及。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
58.推理判斷題。題干意思是“研究人員最近的觀察表明……”。第四段第三句指出Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon.(但是,要使一種社會(huì)流行潮真正形成,每一個(gè)受影響的人必須接著去影響他或她的熟人,這些熟人再去影響他們的熟人,如此循環(huán)下去),由此可以推斷,影響是通過不斷與人互動(dòng)接觸而傳播的,故A項(xiàng)“影響的力量與社會(huì)互動(dòng)有關(guān)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“通過媒體可以加強(qiáng)人際聯(lián)系”、C項(xiàng)“有影響力的人有更多的渠道接觸公眾”和D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)名人都受到媒體的廣泛關(guān)注”都沒有提到。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
59.推理判斷題。題干意思是“第四段中下劃線的短語‘thesepeople’指的是哪些人?”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第三句andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.(這些人中的每個(gè)人能得到多少人的關(guān)注與最初的有影響力的人沒有多大關(guān)系),通過該句的上文Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon(但是,要使一種社會(huì)流行潮真正形成,每一個(gè)受影響的人必須接著去影響他或她的熟人,這些熟人再去影響他們的熟人,如此循環(huán)下去)可知,thesepeople指的是“受到影響再去影響別人的人”,所以C項(xiàng)“受到影響,然后再影響他人的人”正確,且D項(xiàng)“受到最初的影響的人”與原文不符合;A項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì)影響的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的人”和B項(xiàng)“與影響力的來源接觸很少的人”在該處未提到。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
60.推理判斷題。題干意思是“什么是社會(huì)影響動(dòng)態(tài)中的基本要素?”。根據(jù)文章最后一句Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn),所謂的“全球級聯(lián)”——即影響力通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣泛傳播——的主要要求不是存在少數(shù)有影響力的人,而是存在一大批容易受影響的人)可知,要傳播社會(huì)影響,主要要求是需要存在愿意受影響的人,故C項(xiàng)“愿意受影響”正確;A項(xiàng)“渴望被接受”、B項(xiàng)“影響他人的沖動(dòng)”和D項(xiàng)“依賴他人的傾向”都不符合原文。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Hesatthereswiggingbeerandsmoking.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.sucking
B.lapping
C.Gulping
D.sipping
【答案】D
【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sucking“吸,吮吸”;B選項(xiàng)lapping“舔,折疊”;C選項(xiàng)“狼吞虎咽地吃,大口地吸”;D選項(xiàng)sipping“啜飲”。句意:他坐在那里大口喝啤酒,抽煙。Swigging“大口喝,痛飲,暢飲”,D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Shesaysthefilesshelookedatweren’tconfidentialandwere()forconsultationbyanyseniormemberofstaff.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.freeavailable
B.freelyavailing
C.freeavailably
D.freelyavailable
【答案】D
【解析】語法和固定搭配。根據(jù)空格前的be動(dòng)詞were可知,空格處的中心詞應(yīng)該是一個(gè)形容詞。available“可獲得的,可購得的”;availably“有效用地,可獲得地”;availing為動(dòng)詞avail的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。所以排除選項(xiàng)B和C。形容詞前可有副詞修飾,freely“免費(fèi)地,自由地”,free“免費(fèi)的,自由的”。句意:她說她看的文件不是機(jī)密的,并且任何高級職員都可以免費(fèi)獲得這些文件的咨詢。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
4.單選題
Businessisimprovingbutmuchmorehardworkandcommonsensewillbe_______beforeanysubstantialprofitscanberealized.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.putupwith
B.calledfor
C.takenup
D.gonethrough
【答案】B
【解析】putupwith容忍;calledfor需要,要求;takenup拿起,占據(jù),開始從事;gonethrough經(jīng)歷。句意:生意正在好轉(zhuǎn),但要想獲得可觀的利潤,還需要做更多的工作和了解更多的常識。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
5.單選題
Peoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,()andvulgar.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.acquisitive
B.inquisitive
C.requisitive
D.prerequisitive
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquisitive“貪婪的;想獲得的”;B選項(xiàng)inquisitive“好奇的;好問的”;C選項(xiàng)requisitive“需要的”;D選項(xiàng)prerequisitive“必要的;先決條件的”。句意:人們不能像以前那樣輕易而公開地坦承自己的夢想,以免被人認(rèn)為愛出風(fēng)頭、貪婪而庸俗。acquisitive是acquire的形容詞形式,acquire有“獲得,取得”的意思,由此可推斷出acquisitive有“貪婪的;想獲得的”的意思,再由題干中的“pushing莽撞的”和“vulgar粗俗的”可知“貪婪的”符合語境,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Thenewshippingandreceivingbuildingisa(n)(
)facility,largeenoughtomeetourgrowingneeds.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.obsolete
B.meager
C.expansive
D.costly
【答案】C
【解析】形容詞辨析題。obsolete“淘汰,廢棄”;meager“貧乏的,缺少”;expansive“膨脹的,擴(kuò)大的”;costly“昂貴的,代價(jià)高的”;根據(jù)句意‘新的貨運(yùn)大樓非常(
),足夠滿足我們不斷增長的需求?!_定C選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Forallherrichexperienceinpracticinglaw,thelawyerfailedtoprymuchinformationoutofthe______witness.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.sophisticated
B.obstinate
C.sober
D.gloomy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sophisticated“復(fù)雜的;精致的;久經(jīng)世故的;富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”;B選項(xiàng)obstinate“頑固的;倔強(qiáng)的;難以控制的”;C選項(xiàng)sober“冷靜的,清醒的;未醉的”;D選項(xiàng)gloomy“黑暗的;沮喪的;陰郁的”。句意:盡管這位律師有豐富的律師執(zhí)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn),但她未能從這位固執(zhí)的證人那里打聽到多少信息。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
8.翻譯題
Loveisofthreevarieties:unselfish,mutualandordinaryorselfish.Unselfishloveisofthehighestkind.Here,theonewholovesseeksonlythewelfareofthebelovedanddoesnotcarewhetherhesufferspainsandhardshipsthereby.Thesecondkindofloveismutualloveinwhichtheonewholovesdesiresnotonlythehappinessofhisbeloved,buthasaneyetohisownhappinessalso.Selfishloveisthelowest.Itmakesamancareonlyforhisownhappinesswithouthavinganyregardforthefeelingofthebeloved.
TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese
【答案】愛分為三種:無私的,相互的,平凡或自私的。無私的愛境界最高。在這種愛里,愛人只希望被愛的人幸福并且不在意自己是否會(huì)經(jīng)受痛苦和磨難。第二種是相互的愛,在這種愛里,愛人不僅渴望自己被愛的人獲得幸福,并且希望自己也能快樂。自私的愛是最低級的一種愛。這種愛讓人只關(guān)注自己的幸福,而不會(huì)關(guān)心被愛人的感受。
9.單選題
Oneofthereasonsforhispopularityinourvillageisthathe()almosteveryoneeverytimewhenhecomesbackfromthebigcity.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.asksafter
B.runsfor
C.bringsup
D.takesafter
【答案】A
【解析】askafter探問,問候;runfor競選;bringup提出;takeafter與…相像。句意:他在我們村里受歡迎的原因之一是,他幾乎每次從大城市回來都會(huì)問候所有人。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。
10.單選題
Influenzaiscausedbyavirus()oneperson()anotherindropletscoughedorsneezedintotheair.Itischaracterizedbycoldlikesymptomspluschills,fever,headaches,muscleaches,andfatigue.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.transferredfrom...to
B.transmittedfrom...to
C.transactedfrom...to
D.transcendfrom...to
【答案】B
【解析】transfer轉(zhuǎn)移;transmit傳播;transact交易,談判;transcend勝過,超越。句意:流感是由一種病毒通過咳嗽或打噴嚏的飛沫在空氣中一個(gè)傳給另一個(gè)引起的,它的特點(diǎn)是感冒的癥狀加上寒戰(zhàn)、發(fā)燒、頭痛、肌肉疼痛和疲勞。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
11.單選題
ContrarytothesuggestionmadelastweekbyEliotSpitzer,theNewYorkStateattorneyGeneral,long-termmutualfundinvestorsarenotsignificantlyworseoffbecauseofshort-termtradingbymarkertimers.Buttradinginforeignstockmutualfundsconstitutesamajorexceptiontothisgeneralrule.
Spitzer’scommentscameonWednesday,whenhesaidthatsomefundcompanieshadallowedfavoredclientstobuyorselltheirfundsafterthestockmarketclose.Notonlywouldthisbeillegal,butitwouldalsoviolateinvestors’trustthatmutual,fundsputtheindividualandinstitutionalinvestorsonanequalfooting.
Mr.Spitzerannouncedthathehadreacheda$40millionsettlementwithEdwardJ.Stemandhishedgefund,CanaryCapitalPartners,whichdidnotadmitwrongdoing.Theattorneygeneralsaidfurtherinvestigationsofthemutualfundindustrywereunderway.
Hedidnotallegethatmarkettimingfrequentswitchingbetweenfundsandcash,generallytosidestepmarketdeclineswasitselfillegal.Buthehintedthatbecausemarkettimingsometimeshadadetrimentaleffectonlongtermfundinvestors,fundsmighthaveviolatedtheirfiduciaryresponsibilitiestoshareholdersbyallowingit.
Itiseasytounderstandhowthismaybeso.Thelargecashflowsthatresultfrommarkettimers’frequenttradingcanleadtosignificanttransactioncosts,whicharebornebyallshareholders,notjustbythetradersthemselves.
Thisiswhy,accordingtoJeffreyC.Keil,avicepresidentatLipperInc.almostallfundsincludelanguageintheirprospectusesreservingtherighttorejectsharepurchasefrominvestorsdeemedtobemarkettimers.Inpractice,however,accordingtoKeil,fewfundsactuallyprohibitsomeonefrominvestinginthem,thoughmanyimposefeesthatdiscourageshort-termtrading.
Onereasonthatfewfundscompletelyclosethedoortomarkettimersmaybethatthecostsimposedbymarkettimersinmostcasesareinsignificant.AccordingtoWilliamN.Goetzmann,afinanceprofessoratYale,dealingwiththeinflowsandredemptionsinducedbymarkettimersislittlemorethana“minorcash-managementproblem”formostfundmanagers.
ProfessorGoetzmann,pointstotheperformanceofindexfunds.Eventhoughtheyareusedheavilybymarkettimers,theirreturnsaretypicallyclosetothoseofthemarketaveragesthataretheirbenchmarks.Hecontendsthatthiswouldnotbethecaseifmarkettimerswerecausingasignificantdiminutioninfundreturns.
Butmarkettimingdoeshaveadverseconsequencesforlong-termshareholdersofforeignstockfunds.ConsiderafundbasedintheUnitedStatesthatinvestsinJapanesestocks.BecauseJapan’sstockmarketwillhavebeenclosedforhourswhenthisfundcalculatesthevalueofitsnetassetsat4p.m.inNewYork,itssharepricewillnotreflectanynewsfromthelastseveralhours.
MarkettimerscanusethisstalepricingtomakeaneasyprofitwithouthavingtogethelpfromamutualfundtotradeafterthemarketcloseinNewYork.TraderscanbuyforeignfundsimmediatelybeforethecloseonanydaythestockmarketintheUnitedStateshasrisenstrongly,andsellwheneverthemarkethassharplydeclined.
Ifyouarealong-terminvestorinforeignstockfunds,yourbestdefenseagainstsuchmarkettimersistoinvestinafundthatdiscouragesshort-termtrades.Fundsthatrelyonredemptionfeesarepreferabletothosethatuseback-endloads.Back-endloansarepaidtothefundssalesrepresentatives,whilearedemptionfeeistypicallypaidbackintothefunditselftoreimburseshareholdersforthecostsofthetrade.
1.Fromthesentence“Contrarytothesuggestion…”weknowSpitzerpredictedthatlong-termmutualfundinvestors____.
2.Spitzersuggestedthatallowingmarkettimingwas____.
3.Accordingtotheauthor’sview____.
4.Theauthorthinksthatmarkettimerscanmakeeasyprofitintheforeignstocks____.
5.Term“back-endloads”inthelastparagraphmeans____.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wouldbegintohaveaveryhardtime
B.wouldsufferfurtherlosses
C.wouldbebeatenbymarkettimers
D.wouldcollapsesoon
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.illegal
B.unethical
C.disloyal
D.criminal
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.therearenoregulationsormeasurestodiscouragemarkettiming
B.thereareregulationstodiscouragebutsuchregulationsarenotseriouslyimplemented
C.manyfundsimplementedtheregulationstoprohibitmarkettiming;itisashort-termtrading
D.allimposesfeesthatwilldiscouragemarkettiming
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.bymakingothersfollowtheleadoftheirpractice
B.bybuyingforeignfundsimmediatelybeforethecloseofthestockmarketonanyday
C.bymakingfulluseofthetimedifference
D.bycalculatingthevalueat4p.m.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.entrycharges
B.depositcharges
C.exitcharges
D.investmentcharges
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Fromthesentence“Contrarytothesuggestion…”weknowSpitzerpredictedthatlong-termmutualfundinvestors____.從“與建議相反……”這句話,我們知道Spitzer預(yù)測長期共同基金投資者_(dá)___。
A.wouldbegintohaveaveryhardtimeA.將開始一個(gè)非常艱難的時(shí)期
B.wouldsufferfurtherlossesB.將遭受進(jìn)一步損失
C.wouldbebeatenbymarkettimersC.將被市場擇機(jī)者擊敗
D.wouldcollapsesoonD.很快就會(huì)崩潰
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Contrarytothesuggestion定位到原文第一段。本段第一句提到“與艾略特?斯皮策(EliotSpitzer)上周提出的建議相反(Contraryto),長期共同基金投資者的處境并沒有因?yàn)槭袌鰮駲C(jī)者的短線交易而明顯惡化(notsignificantlyworseoff)?!庇纱丝芍?,Spitzer的預(yù)測應(yīng)該是市場時(shí)機(jī)把握者的短線交易會(huì)導(dǎo)致長期共同基金投資者的處境變得十分艱難。A選項(xiàng)“將開始一個(gè)非常艱難的時(shí)期”最符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“將遭受進(jìn)一步損失”,原文沒有體現(xiàn)“進(jìn)一步”的信息點(diǎn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“將被市場時(shí)機(jī)把握者擊敗”,處境艱難并不意味著“被打敗”,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過度;
D選項(xiàng)“很快就會(huì)崩潰”,處境艱難不一定就會(huì)崩潰,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過度。
第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Spitzersuggestedthatallowingmarkettimingwas____.斯皮策(Spitzer)認(rèn)為,允許市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇是____。
A.illegalA.非法的
B.unethicalB.不道德的
C.disloyalC.不忠誠的
D.criminalD.犯罪的,觸犯刑法的
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞allowingmarkettiming定位到原文第四段。本段第一句提到“他并沒有聲稱(didnotallege),市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇頻繁地在基金和現(xiàn)金之間轉(zhuǎn)換,通常是為了避開市場下跌,這本身就是非法的(wasitselfillegal)?!钡诙涮岬健暗凳荆╤ehinted),由于市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇(markettiming)有時(shí)會(huì)對長期基金投資者產(chǎn)生不利影響,基金允許這種做法可能違反了對股東的信托責(zé)任(haveviolatedtheirfiduciaryresponsibilitiestoshareholders)?!庇伞斑`反了對股東的信托責(zé)任”可知,斯皮策(Spitzer)認(rèn)為這種行為是違背職業(yè)道德的,B選項(xiàng)“不道德的”最符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“非法的”,原文提到他并不認(rèn)為這是非法的,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“不忠誠的”,側(cè)重于指對國家、家庭或朋友,沒有B選項(xiàng)符合原文,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;
D選項(xiàng)“犯罪的,觸犯刑法的”,沒有依據(jù),屬于無中生有。
第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Accordingtotheauthor’sview____.根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)____。
A.therearenoregulationsormeasurestodiscouragemarkettimingA.不存在阻止市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇的規(guī)定或措施
B.thereareregulationstodiscouragebutsuchregulationsarenotseriouslyimplementedB.存在規(guī)章制度來阻止市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇,但是這些規(guī)章制度并沒有得到認(rèn)真的執(zhí)行
C.manyfundsimplementedtheregulationstoprohibitmarkettiming;itisashort-termtradingC.許多基金執(zhí)行了禁止市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇的規(guī)定;這是一種短期交易
D.allimposesfeesthatwilldiscouragemarkettimingD.所有這些公司都會(huì)收取費(fèi)用,阻礙市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容定位到原文第六段。本段第一句提到“幾乎所有的基金都在其招股說明書中加入了保留拒絕被認(rèn)為是市場時(shí)機(jī)把握者的投資者購買股票的權(quán)利的措辭(includelanguageintheirprospectuses)”由此可知,“阻止市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇的規(guī)定或措施”是存在的;本段第二句提到“在實(shí)踐中,很少有基金真正禁止(actuallyprohibit)投資者投資”,由此可知,實(shí)際上,這些規(guī)定并沒有被認(rèn)真執(zhí)行。綜上所述,B選項(xiàng)“存在規(guī)章制度來阻止市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇,但是這些規(guī)章制度并沒有得到認(rèn)真的執(zhí)行”最符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“不存在阻止市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇的規(guī)定或措施”,原文指出這種措施是存在的,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“許多基金執(zhí)行了禁止市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇的規(guī)定;這是一種短期交易”,原文指出這些規(guī)定沒有被很好地執(zhí)行,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“所有這些公司都會(huì)收取費(fèi)用,阻礙市場時(shí)機(jī)選擇”,可定位到原文第六段最后一句,該句提到“許多公司(many)收取費(fèi)用,阻礙短期交易”,由此可知,原文提到的是“許多公司”,而不是“所有公司”,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。
第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Theauthorthinksthatmarkettimerscanmakeeasyprofitintheforeignstocks____.作者認(rèn)為,____,“市場擇機(jī)者”可以在海外股市輕松獲利。
A.bymakingothersfollowtheleadoftheirpracticeA.通過讓其他人效仿他們的做法
B.bybuyingforeignfundsimmediatelybeforethecloseofthestockmarketonanydayB.通過在任何一天的股市收盤前購買外國資金
C.bymakingfulluseofthetimedifferenceC.通過充分利用時(shí)差
D.bycalculatingthevalueat4p.m.D.通過計(jì)算下午四點(diǎn)的資產(chǎn)凈值
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞intheforeignstocks定位到原文第九、十段。第九段最后一句提到“由于該基金在紐約時(shí)間下午四點(diǎn)計(jì)算其資產(chǎn)凈值時(shí),日本股市已經(jīng)閉市數(shù)小時(shí),因此其股價(jià)不會(huì)反映過去幾個(gè)小時(shí)的任何消息”,由此可知,計(jì)算市值時(shí),沒有考慮美國和日本存在的時(shí)間差;第十段第一句提到“市場擇機(jī)者可以利用這種陳舊的定價(jià)方式輕松獲利(usethisstalepricingtomakeaneasyprofit)”,由此可知,市場擇機(jī)者正是利用這一點(diǎn)獲利的,C選項(xiàng)“通過充分利用時(shí)差”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“通過讓其他人效仿他們的做法”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“通過在任何一天的股市收盤前購買外國資金”,定位到原文第十段最后一句,該句提到“在美國股市大幅上漲的任何一天(onanydaythestockmarket…h(huán)asrisenstrongly),交易員都可以在收盤前立即買入外國基金,在股市大幅下跌的任何一天,交易員都可以賣出外國基金。”由此可知,不是“在任何一天”,而是“股價(jià)上漲的任何一天”,買入股票,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;
D選項(xiàng)“通過計(jì)算下午四點(diǎn)的資產(chǎn)凈值”,定位到原文第九段最后一句,該句提到“該基金在紐約時(shí)間下午四點(diǎn)計(jì)算其資產(chǎn)凈值”,該選項(xiàng)雖然表述正確,但幾點(diǎn)計(jì)算市值并不是“市場擇機(jī)者”決定的,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。
第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Term“back-endloads”inthelastparagraphmeans____.最后一段中的“back-endloads”指____。
A.entrychargesA.入場費(fèi)用
B.depositchargesB.存款費(fèi)用
C.exitchargesC.退出費(fèi)用
D.investmentchargesD.投資費(fèi)用
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞back-endloads和thelastparagraph定位到原文最后一段第二、三句,這兩句提到“依賴于贖回費(fèi)用的基金比那些使用Back-endloans的基金更可取”,“Back-endloans是支付給基金銷售代表的,而贖回費(fèi)用(redemptionfees)通常會(huì)支付給基金本身,以補(bǔ)償股東交易的成本?!庇纱丝芍珺ack-endloans與贖回費(fèi)用(redemptionfees)是類似的,只是支付對象不同,由此推測,Back-endloans也是在退出基金時(shí)需要支付的贖回費(fèi),C選項(xiàng)“退出費(fèi)用”最符合語義。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“入場費(fèi)用”、B選項(xiàng)“存款費(fèi)用”、D選項(xiàng)“投資費(fèi)用”,沒有依據(jù),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
12.單選題
Companiesspendmillionsofdollarsonadsandcommercials,tryingto()theAmericanpublicintopurchasingtheirproducts.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.misplace
B.mock
C.maneuver
D.manifest
【答案】C
【解析】misplace放錯(cuò)地方;mock嘲笑;maneuver調(diào)動(dòng),調(diào)遣;manifest證明,顯示。句意:公司花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬美元在廣告和商業(yè)上,試圖調(diào)動(dòng)美國民眾購買他們的產(chǎn)品。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
13.單選題
Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoil—thebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.
Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.
Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.
ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”inPara.2?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates
B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters
C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates
D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Toemphasizetherailroad’sconsumptionofoilandcoal.
B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.
C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.
D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Railwayworkers
B.Farmers
C.Europeans
D.Citydwellers
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.
B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.
C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.
D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:D
【解析】1.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位在第二段中Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.(在美國工業(yè)化的過程中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的發(fā)展是鐵路的發(fā)展。)以及全文都在介紹影響美國工業(yè)化的因素(如鐵、煤和石油等原材料、勞動(dòng)力等)綜合而知,C選項(xiàng)“影響美國工業(yè)化的因素”正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“美國的鐵路發(fā)展史”,B選項(xiàng)“美國主要的工業(yè)中心”及D選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)在19世紀(jì)的角色”在文中均未提及,可排除。故選C。
2.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在第二段中TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.(鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴(kuò)張,直到美國的鐵路地圖看起來像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng),這些鋼鐵絲狀物將原材料產(chǎn)地,原材料的生產(chǎn)和配送中心連在一起。)由此可知,美國的鐵路路線多,且像蜘蛛網(wǎng)一樣結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。因此B選項(xiàng)“去描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)”正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“去強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對石油和煤炭的消耗”,C選項(xiàng)“去解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題”,D選項(xiàng)“去描述原材料配送中涉及的困難”均不符合題意,可排除。故選B。
3.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章的第三段Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.(工廠的這些產(chǎn)品很快被居住了工人和批發(fā)商的城市所消耗。)工廠產(chǎn)品的最大消費(fèi)者是居住在那里的人。因此D選項(xiàng)“城市居住者”正確,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“鐵路工人”,B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”,C選項(xiàng)“歐洲人”,均不符合題意,可排除。故選D。
4.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段中AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.(美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)趕得上美國城市的需求,且仍然有剩余以銷售到歐洲的工業(yè)中心。)可知D選項(xiàng)“他們不能為城市生產(chǎn)足夠的食物”錯(cuò)誤,與原文不符。也能夠知道C選項(xiàng)“他們將食物銷售到歐洲國家”正確,與原文相符。由第三段中的倒數(shù)第二句Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.(城市人口的增加得益于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的增加,反過來,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)因新的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用而變得更多產(chǎn))可知B選項(xiàng)“他們通過使用新機(jī)械而提高了生產(chǎn)力”正確,與原文相符。由最后一段中ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.(工廠運(yùn)行和鐵路建設(shè)的勞動(dòng)力部分來自美國的農(nóng)村地區(qū),那里的人正被農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械所取代,一部分來自于亞洲,一部分來自歐洲。)可知A選項(xiàng)“他們由于機(jī)械化而失去了一些工作”,正確,與原文相符。故選D。
14.單選題
Theforemanreadthe(
)ofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.prejudice
B.verification
C.verdict
D.punishment
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prejudice“偏見,成見”;B選項(xiàng)verification“檢驗(yàn),檢查,審核”;C選項(xiàng)verdict“(陪審團(tuán)的)裁定,裁決,(經(jīng)過檢驗(yàn)或認(rèn)真考慮后的)決定,結(jié)論”;D選項(xiàng)punishment“刑罰,懲罰”。由句中的guilty(有罪的)和defendant(被告)可知選C。句意:陪審團(tuán)主席宣讀了14遍有罪判決書,每個(gè)被告一份。
15.單選題
Weheldameetingtosumupourexperience______wefinishthework.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.incidentally
B.while
C.immediately
D.before
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞義辨析。句意:一結(jié)束工作,我們就開了會(huì)總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。A選項(xiàng)incidentally“順便”;B選項(xiàng)while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”;C選項(xiàng)immediately“立刻;一……就”;D選項(xiàng)before“在……之前”。根據(jù)語境,這里指工作一結(jié)束就開會(huì),C選項(xiàng)immediately“一……就”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
16.翻譯題
(1)如果從狹義上去理解“進(jìn)步”和“人類的狀況”,則人們可以甚為合理地說,人類在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中幾乎沒有取得任何的進(jìn)步。(2)全球數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人仍生活在貧困之中,艾滋病正在奪走無數(shù)人的生命,而治愈方法遙遙無期。(3)戰(zhàn)爭和暴力在中東、非洲以及阿富汗持續(xù)不斷。(4)然而,持此狹隘的觀點(diǎn),則有可能使人無視人類在過去一百年中已取得的顯而易見的巨大進(jìn)步。(5)隨著人類繼續(xù)邁進(jìn)21世紀(jì),較為可取的做法應(yīng)該是全面認(rèn)識人類在過去100年中已經(jīng)取得的成就,并展望人類在下一個(gè)世紀(jì)中可能取得的進(jìn)步,而不是對人類今日顯著改善的生存狀況視而不見。
【答案】1.Ifweunderstand“progress”and“thehumancondition”inanarrowsense,itisquitereasonabletosaythatmankindhasmadealmostnoprogressinthepastcentury.
2.MillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldstillliveinpovertyandAIDSiskillingmillionswithnocureinsight.
3.WarandviolencecontinueintheMiddleEast,AfricaandAfghanistan.
4.However,withsuchanarrowview,onewouldignoretheremarkableandhugeprogressthathumanityhasmadeinthepasthundredyears.
5.Ashumanitycontinuestomoveintothe21stcentury,itwouldbepreferabletotakeacomprehensiveviewofwhathasbeenachievedinthepast100yearsandlookforwardtotheprogressthatislikelytobemadeinthenextcentury,ratherthanturningablindeyetotheremarkableimprovementinhumanconditionstoday.
17.單選題
Itwasverykindofyoutogetmesomethingformybirthday,butyou(
)mesuchanexpensivepresent.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.didn’tneedbuying
B.needn’tbuy
C.needn’t
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