書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.

問題1選項

A.legislation

B.requirement

C.criteria

D.measures

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.legislation立法，法律B.requirement要求，必要條件

C.criteria判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)D.measures措施，方法

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由definingmentalillness（定義精神疾?。┖蚢greement（意見）可知，“判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項都不符合句意。

【句意】在今天的醫(yī)學(xué)中，關(guān)于定義精神疾病的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幾乎沒有一致的意見。

2.翻譯題

美國財政部長亨利?保爾森昨天以上海為終點結(jié)束了他對亞洲三國的訪問。作為美國總統(tǒng)的首席經(jīng)濟政策顧問和最主要的經(jīng)濟事務(wù)發(fā)言人，保爾森昨天上午在上海期貨交易所所發(fā)表的主題講演被認為是布什政府對華經(jīng)濟政策的最新闡述。在昨天的講演中，保爾森多次強調(diào)中國的經(jīng)濟增長不僅不具有威脅性，而且對全球經(jīng)濟的增長有好處。他表示，美國歡迎中國發(fā)展并成為全球經(jīng)濟中的一員。

【答案】HenryPaulson,TreasurySecretary,leftShanghaiyesterday,wherehemadeanendofthevisittothethreecountriesinAsia.AsthechiefeconomicpolicyconsultantandeconomicaffairsspokesmanoftheAmericapresident,PaulsondeliveredakeynoteaddressinShanghaiFuturesExchange.AndtheaddresswasviewedasthelatestexpositionoftheeconomicpoliciesoftheBush-administrationtowardsChina.Duringthespeech,PaulsonrepeatedlyemphasizedthatChina’seconomicgrowthhasbenefitbutnothreattotheglobaleconomicgrowth.HedeclaredthatAmericawelcomesthedevelopmentofChinatobecomeamemberoftheglobaleconomy.

【解析】

3.單選題

NewlywovenIndianbasketsoften（

）astrangesmell.

問題1選項

A.giveaway

B.giveover

C.giveoff

D.giveup

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。A選項“放棄，分發(fā)或贈與，有意或無意地泄露某事物或出賣某人”；B選項“停止做某事”；C選項“發(fā)出（光、氣味等），長出（枝、杈等）”；D選項“放棄，投降”；依據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞smell和句意‘新編織的印式筐經(jīng)常散發(fā)出一股奇怪的氣味’確定C選項正確。

4.單選題

In1938PearlS.BuckbecamethefirstAmericanwoman（）theNobelPrizeforLiterature.

問題1選項

A.receiving

B.received

C.whoreceives

D.toreceive

【答案】D

【解析】考查后置定語。句意：1938年，賽珍珠成為第一位獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的美國女性。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，應(yīng)該與被修飾詞woman有主謂關(guān)系，表示正在進行，時態(tài)不符，排除A；過去分詞作定語表示被動，woman與receive應(yīng)該是主動關(guān)系，排除B；定語從句修飾woman應(yīng)該是過去式，排除C。名詞詞組thefirst+n.的后置定語必須使用不定式，因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalone,morethan250animalsareslaughteredforfood,addinguptomorethan8billionanimalseachyear.Reducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisnutritionallyenvironmentallyandethicallybeneficial.

Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.Meathasbeendirectlylinkedtodiabetes,obesity,arthritis,andmanyotherillnesses.Furthermore,meat-eatersareatahigherriskfordiseases,includingcancer,andtheyaremorelikelytodiefromthesediseases.Criticssaythatameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients,especiallyproteinandiron.Actually,accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood,andironappearsinmanyvegetables.Gettingenoughnutrientsinameat-reduceddietshouldnotbedifficult.A2008studyfoundthatsomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.Dietsincludingmorefruitsandvegetableswillonlymakepeoplehealthier.

Someskepticsbelievethattherewillbeashortageoffoodifanimalsarenoteaten.Infact,theoppositeistrue.Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;2.50gallonsofwaterproducesonly1lb.ofbeef.Ifpeopleeatlessmeatandmoreplants,theamountofavailablefoodwillincrease.

Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.90%oftheseanimalsareraisedinconfinement.Chickensandotherbirdshaveonlyabouthalfasquarefootofspaceeach,andsincetheyareraisedsoclosetogether,alotbladeisusedtocutofftheirbeakstopreventthemfrompeckingeachothertodeath.Likewise,pigsthatarerepressedwillbiteeachother'stails,soboththeirteethandtailsareremovedassoonastheyareborn.

Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.Evenaslightreductioninmeatintakeisbetterthannothingatall.Consuminglessmeatisbeneficialtothehealthofanimals,thehealthofpeople,andtothehealthoftheworld.

1.Whydosomepeoplebecomevegetarians?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothebookATeen’sGuidetoGoingVegetarian?

3.Whydoestheauthorsayreducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisenvironmentallybeneficial?

4.Whatistheattitudetheauthorhastowardeatingmeat?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.

B.Therearefewerlivestockavailableduetotheenvironmentalpollution.

C.Theconsumptionofmeatwillleadtofinancialproblem.

D.Beingavegetarianisbeneficialtotheprotectionofwater

問題2選項

A.Someofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.

B.Ameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients.

C.Proteinscanbefoundinalmosteveryfood.

D.Morethan80%ofthecorninU.S.arefedtolivestock.

問題3選項

A.Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.

B.Alotoffoodandwaterareconsumedinordertoraiselivestock.

C.90%ofanimalsareraisedinconfinement.

D.Raisinganimalscausesmostofthedestructionofthenature.

問題4選項

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Indifferent.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題5選項

A.TheAdvantageofEatingLessMeat.

B.WhyPeopleBecomeVegetarian?

C.EnvironmentalProtectionandMeatlessDiet.

D.SaveChickens,SaveBirds.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.（許多人成為素食者是因為他們覺得吃動物是不道德的）可知A選項“他們覺得吃動物是不道德的”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood（根據(jù)JudyKrizmanic的《青少年素食指南》，幾乎每種食物都含有蛋白質(zhì)）可知C選項“蛋白質(zhì)幾乎可以在每種食物中找到”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;（美國80%以上的玉米和95%的燕麥用于飼養(yǎng)牲畜。單是世界上的牛就消耗了足夠的食物，足以滿足87億人的熱量需求。美國一半的用水也用于牲畜）可知飼養(yǎng)牲畜需要消耗大量的食物與水，如果人們減少食肉，那么所需種植食物的土地資源和水資源會減少，將有利于環(huán)境保護，因此選B。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.（吃動物在很多方面都是有害的）可知作者對吃肉持反對態(tài)度，因此選B。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出減少食肉對環(huán)境和道德都是有益的；第二段介紹了食肉的人通常比素食者的免疫系統(tǒng)弱；第三段介紹了飼養(yǎng)牲畜消耗了大量的食物與水，如果少食肉，那么可用的食物量就會增大；第三段介紹了許多人成為素食者是因為他們覺得吃動物是不道德的；最后一段總結(jié)概括消耗更少的肉有益于動物的健康、人們的健康以及世界的健康。因此A選項“少食肉的好處”符合題意。1

6.單選題

AstoutoldladywaswalkingwithherbasketdownthemiddleofastreetinPetrogradtothegreatconfusionofthetrafficandwithnosmallperiltoherself.Itwaspointedouttoherthatthepavementwastheplaceforpedestrians,butshereplied,“I’mgoingtowalkwhereIlike.We’vegotlibertynow.”Itdidnotoccurtothedearoldladythatiflibertyentitledthepedestriantowalkdownthemiddleoftheroad,thentheendofsuchlibertywouldbeuniversalchaos.Everybodywouldbegettingineverybodyelse’swayandnobodywouldgetanywhere.Individuallibertywouldhavebecomesocialanarchy.

Thereisadangeroftheworldgettingliberty—drunkinthesedaysliketheoldladywiththebasket,anditisjustaswelltoremindourselvesofwhattheruleoftheroadmeans.Itmeansthatinorderthatthelibertiesofallmaybepreserved,thelibertiesofeverybodymustbecurtailed.Whenthepoliceman,say,atPiccadillyCircusstepsintothemiddleoftheroadandputsouthishand,heisthesymbolnotoftyranny,butofliberty.Youmaynotthinkso.Youmay,beinginahurry,andseeingyourcarpulledupbythisinsolenceofoffice,feelthatyourlibertyhasbeenoutraged.Howdarethisfellowinterferewithyourfreeuseofthepublichighway?Then,ifyouareareasonableperson,youwillreflectthatifhedidnotinterferewithyou,hewouldinterferewithnoone,andtheresultwouldbethatPiccadillyCircuswouldbeamaelstromthatyouwouldnevercrossatall.Youhavesubmittedtoacurtailmentofprivatelibertyinorderthatyoumayenjoyasocialorderwhichmakesyourlibertyareality.

Libertyisnotapersonalaffaironly,butasocialcontract.Itisanaccommodationofinterests.Inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike.IfIchoosetogodowntheroadinadressing-gownwhoshallsaymenay?Youhavelibertytolaughatme,butIhavelibertytobeindifferenttoyou.AndifIhaveafancyfordyeingmyhair,orwaxingmymoustache(whichheavenforbid),orwearinganovercoatandsandals,orgoingtobedlateorgettingupearly,Ishallfollowmyfancyandasknoman’spermission.IshallnotinquireofyouwhetherImayeatmustardwithmymutton.Andyouwillnotaskmewhetheryoumayfollowthisreligionorthat,whetheryoumaypreferEllaWheelerWilcoxtoWordsworth,orchampagnetoshandy.

InalltheseandathousandotherdetailsyouandIpleaseourselvesandasknoone’sleave.Wehaveawholekingdominwhichwerulealone,candowhatwechoose,bewiseorridiculous,harshoreasy,conventionalorodd.Butdirectlywestepoutofthatkingdom,ourpersonallibertyofactionbecomesqualifiedbyotherpeople’sliberty.Imightliketopracticeonthetrombonefrommidnighttillthreeinthemorning.IfIwentontothetopofEveresttodoit,Icouldpleasemyself,butifIdoitinmybedroommyfamilywillobject,andifIdoitoutinthestreetstheneighborswillremindmethatmylibertytoblowthetrombonemustnotinterferewiththeirlibertytosleepinquiet.Therearealotofpeopleintheworld,andIhavetoaccommodatemylibertytotheirliberties.

Weareallliabletoforgetthis,andunfortunatelywearemuchmoreconsciousoftheimperfectionsofothersinthisrespectthanofourown.Areasonableconsiderationfortherightsorfeelingsofothersisthefoundationofsocialconduct.Itisinthesmallmattersofconduct,intheobservanceoftheruleoftheroad,thatwepassjudgmentuponourselves,anddeclarethatwearecivilizedoruncivilized.Thegreatmomentsofheroismandsacrificearerare.Itisthelittlehabitsofcommonplaceintercoursethatmakeupthegreatsumoflifeandsweetenormakebitterthejourney.

1.Theauthormighthavestatedhis“ruleoftheroad”as（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetotheoldladyinParagraph1is（）.

3.Asituationanalogoustothe“insolenceofoffice”describedinParagraph2wouldbe（）.

4.Theauthorassumesthathemaybeasfreeashelikesin（）.

5.Inthesentence“Weareallliable...”theauthoris（）.

問題1選項

A.donotwalkinthemiddleoftheroad

B.followtheordersofpolicemen

C.donotbehaveinconsideratelyinpublic

D.dowhatyoulikeinprivate

問題2選項

A.condescending

B.intolerant

C.objective

D.supportive

問題3選項

A.ateachercorrectinggrammarerrors

B.aneditorshorteningthetextofanarticle

C.ataxinspectordemandingtoseesomeone’saccounts

D.anarmyofficegivingorderstoasoldier

問題4選項

A.allmattersofdressandfood

B.anysituationwhichdoesnotinterferewiththelibertyofothers

C.anythingthatisnotagainstthelaw

D.hisownhome

問題5選項

A.pointingoutageneralweakness

B.emphasizinghismainpoint

C.counteringageneralmisconception

D.suggestingaremedy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:ruleoftheroad出現(xiàn)在文章的第二段第一句話的后半句，作者在第一段中舉了老太太不走人行道過馬路這個例子來說明當(dāng)時的社會風(fēng)氣。作者的觀點是要懂得在公共場合體諒他人。選項C符合題意。

第2題:作者對老太太過馬路不遵守交通規(guī)則持反對態(tài)度，認為她只顧自己的絕對自由而不管他人，所以選項B符合題意。

第3題:insolenceofoffice指的是前面提到的警察指揮交通，這種行為看似侵害到了個人自由，選項C“稅務(wù)檢察院檢查某人的賬目”與之相似，選項C符合題意。

第4題:文章第三段第二句話inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike提到絕對自由的前提是不要妨礙他人的自由，所以選項B符合題意。

第5題:句子位于文章最后一段第一句話，這個句子中的this指代上文提到的不應(yīng)該妨礙他人的自由，人們很容易忘記這一點，人們?nèi)菀卓吹絼e人的缺陷。作者指出人們都有這個缺點，選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Youngdriversunder25have

thehighestnumberofaccidentswhilethoseover50have（）.

問題1選項

A.theless

B.theleast

C.thefewer

D.thefewest

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)前面的thehighestnumber可知填空處也應(yīng)該填入最高級,

首先排除選項A和C。填空處選項實際上省略了number這個詞,

如果是few的話,

后面應(yīng)該是接numbers,

所以選項B正確。句意：25歲以下的年輕司機出事幾率最高,而50歲以上的老司機出事幾率則最低。

8.不定項選擇題

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatsufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandliveitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,blitzeverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.

2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.

5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.

問題1選項

A.ratherbleak

B.veryimpressive

C.fairlybright

D.quiteencouraging

問題2選項

A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

問題3選項

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

C.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

問題4選項

A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

問題5選項

A.upset

B.alarmed

C.uncertain

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段第二句“…27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatsufficienttosurviveinoursociety.2700萬美國人根本不能進行閱讀，還有3500萬美國人的閱讀水平足以在我們的社會中生存?！笨芍狝項“相當(dāng)凄涼的”與原文相符。B項“令人印象深刻”；C項“非常有希望的”；D項“非常令人鼓舞”。因此A選項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句“Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence…但是，今天我自己所擔(dān)心的，與其說是基本識字這一壓倒一切的問題，還不如說是一個稍微奢侈一點的問題：甚至是中產(chǎn)階級讀者的閱讀技能在下降，他們不愿給自己留出沉默的空間……”可知D項“中產(chǎn)階級的閱讀能力和閱讀行為”與原文相符。A項“小學(xué)生對閱讀經(jīng)典名著不感興趣”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；B項“美國社會讀寫能力出奇的低”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；C項“美國讀者需要閱讀的音樂背景”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達。因此D選項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第二段第四句“Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration...這種對專注、沉默和孤獨的侵犯觸及了我們對識字概念的核心；這種在背景干擾下的部分閱讀、部分感知的新形式，使得某些基本的理解和集中行為變得不可能……”可知C項“他們?nèi)狈Ｗ⒑突纠斫狻迸c原文相符。A項“他們喜歡音樂和電視節(jié)目”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；B項“他們對各種形式的藝術(shù)和文學(xué)的忽視”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；D項“他們不能專注于相沖突的信息”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達。因此C選項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第三行中“…letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.更不用說對一首他或她真正喜歡的詩歌或散文最重要的贊頌了，那就是把它熟記在心。不是靠頭腦，而是靠記憶；這種表達方式至關(guān)重要?！笨芍狝項“為了能夠欣賞它并記住它”與原文相符。B項“分析其本質(zhì)特征”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；C項“認真考慮它”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；D項“對其藝術(shù)價值做出公正的評價”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達。因此A選項正確。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。由題干定位到文章最后一段最后一句“Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.在圖書行業(yè)中，沒有人可以自信地說出我們所知曉的圖書的未來將是什么?！笨芍狢項“不確定的”正確。A項“不安的”；B項“擔(dān)心的”；D項“悲觀的”。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Almostalllibrariesarefindingitincreasinglydifficulttoremainwithintheir（）now.

問題1選項

A.digest

B.budget

C.supplement

D.stocking

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。digest“文摘，摘要”；budget“預(yù)算”；supplement“增補品，補品”；stocking“長筒襪”。句意：幾乎所有的圖書館現(xiàn)在都發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的開支越來越難以保持在預(yù)算之內(nèi)。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenafineart.MaximeBocher,andeminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningofthiscentury,wrote:“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.”Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmostshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementsofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii,chords,sectors,tangents,diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegustoashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,notevenparalleled,and,Iwouldmakeboldtosay,nowevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse,nmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.Firstletusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverses.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,say,Shelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththinehairtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwandero’ercity,andsea,andland.Touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerofnarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbersforexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathatisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.Now,ismathematicsanart?

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis（）.

2.InMaximeBocher’sopinion,whatisthefundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits（）.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmay（）.

問題1選項

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothrememberthesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

問題2選項

A.Numericalskills.

B.Imagination.

C.Creation.

D.Senseofbeauty.

問題3選項

A.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

B.Mathematicianslovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverses.

問題4選項

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

問題5選項

A.usesymbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

B.usesymbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.usepoemsasakindofsymbols

D.usenumberstosignifybeauty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.（因為數(shù)學(xué)家的活動，不斷地創(chuàng)造，盡管不受感官的外部世界的控制，但與藝術(shù)家的活動，比如說畫家的活動，有著相似之處，我相信不是空想，而是真實的。）因此D選項“兩者都涉及不斷創(chuàng)造”正確。A選項“兩者都受外部世界的控制”；B選項“兩者都記得世界的感覺”；C選項“兩者都不是幻想，而是真實的”，這三項都是文章中未體現(xiàn)的。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.（一個好的藝術(shù)家或好的數(shù)學(xué)家還具有其他更微妙的品質(zhì)，其中最主要的是想象力。）因此B選項“想象力”正確。A選項“數(shù)值技巧”；C選項“創(chuàng)造”；D選項“審美”都不是文章所說明的。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.（他的詩在到達耳朵或心靈之前首先吸引了人們的目光；同樣地，數(shù)學(xué)家把他的公式和方程式排列起來，以便它們的形式能給人留下美感。）因此B選項“數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列得很漂亮”正確。A選項“數(shù)學(xué)家們愿意不遺余力地使他們的證明優(yōu)雅”；C選項“數(shù)學(xué)家很少用對稱的方式排列他們的公式和方程”；D選項“數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡用詩句來排列他們的公式”，都不是文章中給出的信息。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息位到倒數(shù)第三段Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.（詩歌相對于其他語言表達形式的優(yōu)越性首先在于詩歌中使用的象征手法，其次在于其詞的極端濃縮和簡潔。）因此C選項“詞語的象征、濃縮和簡潔”正確。A選項“不尋常的措辭”；B選項“富有想象力的表達”；D選項“縮合和想象的措辭”，不符合文意。

5.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到最后一段These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.（這些符號，像其他的數(shù)學(xué)符號，也像詩人的符號一樣，是一種濃縮的方式，用來表述由簡單的幾何、代數(shù)或數(shù)字關(guān)系構(gòu)成的長而復(fù)雜的鏈條。）因此A選項“使用符號是為了濃縮和集中”正確。B選項“使用符號是為了比較”，不正確；C選項“把詩歌作為一種象征”不符合文章；D選項“用數(shù)字來表示美”，文章是說將數(shù)字變成符號，而不是表示美。

11.單選題

Thatyoungwomantherewas

ashopassistant;sheisnowamanagerinoursupermarket.

問題1選項

A.before

B.preliminarily

C.formally

D.formerly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。Before“以前，過去”；preliminarily“初步地”；formally“正式地”；formerly“以前，原來”。句意：那個女人之前是店員；現(xiàn)在成了一家超市的經(jīng)理。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Acomputerprogramcanprovideinformationinwaysthatforcestudentsto（）learninginsteadofbeingmerelyrecipientsofknowledge.

問題1選項

A.shoreup

B.accedeto

C.participatein

D.compensatefor

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項shoreup“支持，加固”；B選項accedeto“加入，同意”；C選項participatein“參加，參與，分享”；D選項compensatefor“賠償，補償”。句意：計算機程序可以提供信息，迫使學(xué)生參與學(xué)習(xí)，而不僅僅是知識的接受者。選項C符合語境。

13.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在西方國家的有志之士都認識到，不同文明之間應(yīng)學(xué)會共存，而不應(yīng)因文化上的不同而走向沖突以致戰(zhàn)爭。他們認為，不同民族和國家可以通過文化交往與對話取得某種“共識”，也即有一個從“不同”到某種意義上相互“認同”的過程。這種相互“認同”是在兩種不同文化中尋找交匯點，并在此基礎(chǔ)上推動雙方文化的發(fā)展，這正是“和”在不同文化中所起的作用。

【答案】AspirantsinWesterncountrieshaverealizedthatpeacefulcoexistenceamongallcivilizationsshouldbeupheld,whileconflictsorevenwarscausedbyculturaldiversitiesshouldbeavoided.Theythinkdifferentnationsandcountriescanreachanagreementbyculturalcommunicationandinteraction,whichreprese