書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川美術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningclamsituationinto（）ones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)turbulent“動(dòng)蕩的，湍流的”；B選項(xiàng)tragic“悲劇的，悲痛的，不幸的”；C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“易碎的，脆弱的”；D選項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。句意：謠言無處不在，散布恐懼，損害名譽(yù)，使平靜的局面變得_____。根據(jù)句子邏輯，這里表達(dá)的是“使平靜的局面變得動(dòng)蕩”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinabattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit—soatleastitseemstome―istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglypartoftheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowwider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomepartofthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.

【答案】有些老年人恐懼死亡。要是年輕人這樣想.那倒情有可原。那些害怕在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中陣亡的年輕人，想到自己被生活所欺騙，錯(cuò)失了生命中最美好的東西，感到苦澀理所當(dāng)然。但對(duì)于一個(gè)飽嘗了人間悲歡離合，實(shí)現(xiàn)一生抱負(fù)的老人來說，恐懼死亡就有點(diǎn)不光彩了。戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)死亡的恐懼的最好的方法是——至少對(duì)我而言是可行的一一逐步拓寬你的興趣，并使其不受人際感情的影響，直到自我的圍城慢慢地消失，你的生命加快融入到眾生之中。一個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)像一條河流，開始時(shí)窄而淺，靜靜流淌于兩岸之中，然后，奔騰沖擊于巖石之間，飛流直下于高崖之處。慢慢地，河流越走越寬，河岸逐步退去，水流更顯平緩，直到最后，毫無跡象地融入大海，平和地失去了個(gè)體的存在。

3.單選題

IamtoldthatProfessorAtkinshasalreadyvisitedthissiteforfivetimessincetheareawasopenedtogeologistsin2007.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iamtold

B.hasalreadyvisited

C.forfivetimes

D.wasopenedtogeologists

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。opened應(yīng)改為open,beopento對(duì)…開放。

4.單選題

Iamnotcertain（）totake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inrespecttowhichcourses

B.aboutwhichcourses

C.astothechoiceofwhichcourses

D.forwhichcoursesIam

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。becertainabout“對(duì)……有把握；確信”。句意：我不確定該選哪些課程。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theideasexpressedinthearthistorian’sbookaremore（

）thanonewouldexpectonthebasisofherrather（

）treatmentofhersubjectintheopeningpages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.riguing

B.accessible...recondite

C.hidebound...reactionary

D.insightful...innovative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。compelling“引人注目的，不可抗拒的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的，可理解的”；recondite“深?yuàn)W的，隱藏的”；hidebound“死板的，保守的，頑固的”；reactionary“保守的，反動(dòng)的”；insightful“有深刻見解的，富有洞察力的”；innovative“革新的，創(chuàng)新的”。句意：跟她在開篇對(duì)主題的深?yuàn)W表述，對(duì)于讀者而言，這個(gè)藝術(shù)史學(xué)家書中的觀點(diǎn)要容易理解很多。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Signsystemsingeneralare______:iconicorconventional.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.twotypes

B.oftwotypes

C.thetwotypes

D.ofthetwotypes

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法?！癰eof+名詞”可用來說明句子主語在度量，大小，顏色，類別等方面的特征，這類名詞有age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind等，排除A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)多了定冠詞the,因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：符號(hào)系統(tǒng)一般有兩種類型：標(biāo)志性的或傳統(tǒng)的。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

In1923theinnovativeRussianfilmmakerDzigaVertovdescribedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld.”Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.Yetfilmsonarthavenothadapowerfulandpervasiveeffectonthewaywesee.

Publicationsonartflourish,butthesebooksandarticlesdonotnecessarilysucceedinteachingustoseemoredeeplyormoreclearly.Muchwritinginarthistoryadvancesthediscourseinthefieldbutisunlikelytoinformtheeyeofoneunfamiliarwithitspolemics.Films,however,withtheircapacitytopresentmaterialvisuallyandtoreachabroaderaudience,havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracy(theabilitytoidentifythedetailsthatcharacterizeaparticularstyle)moreeffectivelythanpublicationscan.Unfortunately,fewofthehundredorsofilmsonartthataremadeeachyearintheUnitedStatesarebroadcastnationallyonprime-timetelevision.

Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.Someoftheseshortcomingscanbeattributedtothefailureofarthistoriansandfilmmakerstocollaboratecloselyenoughwhenmakingfilmsonart.Theseprofessionalsareable,withintheirrespectivedisciplines,toincreaseourawarenessofvisualforms.Forclosecollaborationtooccur,professionalsineachdisciplineneedtorecognizethatfilmsonartcanbebotheducationalandentertaining,butthiswillrequirecompromiseonbothsides.Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.Filmmakersneedtoresisttheimpulsetomovethecameraquicklyfromdetailtodetailforfearofboringtheviewer,toframetheimageforthesakeofdramaalone,toadmusicforfearofsilence.Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentrationand,atthesametime,areconcernedthatitmaynotbecompellingenough-andsotheyhopetoprovidereliefbyinterposing“real”scenesthatbearonlyatangentialrelationshiptothesubject.Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords,butalsobydirectingtheviewer’sgaze.Thespecializedwrittenlanguageofarthistoryneedstoberelinquishedoratleasttemperedforthescreen.Onlyaneffectivecollaborationbetweenfilmmakersandarthistorianscancreatefilmsthatwillenhanceviewers’perceptionsofart.

1.Thepassagesuggeststhatafilmmakerdesiringtoenhanceviewers’perceptionsofartshoulddowhichofthefollowing?

2.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoVertovinthefirstparagraphmostprobablyinorderto

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

4.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfilmandvisualliteracy?

6.Accordingtothepassage,arthistoriansdesiringtoworkwithfilmmakerstoenhancethepublic’sappreciationofartneedtoacknowledgewhichofthefollowing?

7.Whichofthefollowingwoulddescribetheauthor’smostlikelyreactiontoaclaimthatfilmsonartwouldmoresuccessfullypromotevisualliteracyiftheyfollowedthestandardssetforrockvideos?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Relyonthepreciselanguageofarthistorywhendevelopingscriptsforfilmsonart.

B.Relyondramaticnarrativeandmusictosetafilm’stoneandstyle.

C.Recognizethataworkofartbyitselfcanbecompellingenoughtoholdaviewer’sattention.

D.Dependmorestronglyonnarrationinsteadofcameramovementstoguidetheviewer’sgaze.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofhowfilmscanbeusedtoinfluenceperceptions

B.presentevidencetosupporttheargumentthatfilmshavebeenusedsuccessfullytoinfluenceviewers’perceptions

C.introducethenotionthatfilmcaninfluencehowviewerssee

D.contrastatraditionalviewoftheusesoffilmwithamoremodemview

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Anobservationaboutanunsatisfactorysituationisoffered,thereasonsforthesituationarediscussed,andthenwaystochangeitaresuggested.

B.Twoopinionsregardingacontroversialphenomenonarecontrasted,supportingevidenceforeachispresented,andthenthetwoopinionsarereconciled.

C.Criticismofapointofviewisdiscussed,thecriticismisanswered,andthenthecriticismisappliedtoanotherpointofview.

D.Apointofviewisdescribed,evidencesupportingtheviewisprovided,andthenasummaryispresented.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.discussingwhyfilm’spotentialasamediumforpresentingarttothegeneralpublichasnotbeenfullyrealizedandhowfilmmightbemademoreeffectiveinthisregard

B.discussingtheshortcomingsoffilmsonartandthetechnologicalinnovationsrequiredtoincreasetheimpactoffilmonvisualliteracy

C.discussingtheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofusingfilmsratherthanpublicationstopresentworksofarttothegeneralpublic

D.presentinginformationtosupporttheviewthatfilmsonartmustfocusmoreoneducationandlessonentertainmentinordertoincreasevisualliteracy.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Readingapublicationaboutaworkofartandthenseeingafilmaboutthesameworkisthemosteffectivewaytodevelopvisualliteracy.

B.Anincreaseinaviewer’sawarenessofvisualformswillalsoleadtoanincreasedattentionspan.

C.Filmhasagreatbutnotyetfullyexploitedcapacitytoincreaseviewers’awarenessofvisualforms.

D.Afilmthatfocusesonthedetailsofaworkofartwillhinderthedevelopmentofvisualliteracy.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Thearthistorian’sroleinthecreationofafilmonartislikelytobearelativelyminorone.

B.Filmcanusenonverbalmeanstoachievesomeofthesameresultsthataspokenorwrittendiscoursecanachieve.

C.Anin-depthanalysisofaworkofartisnotanappropriatetopicforafilmonart.

D.Althoughsilencemaybeanappropriateback-groundwhenviewingaworkofartinamuseum,itisinappropriateinafilm.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Ambivalence

B.Indifference

C.Sympathy

D.Disdain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第三段：Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentration.制片人要意識(shí)到藝術(shù)的目標(biāo)就是吸引注意力。確定C選項(xiàng)‘承認(rèn)藝術(shù)作品本身有足夠的魅力可以吸引觀眾的注意’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)類電影時(shí)，需要精準(zhǔn)的藝術(shù)史語言’、B選項(xiàng)‘設(shè)計(jì)電影基調(diào)與風(fēng)格時(shí)，需要戲劇性的敘事與音樂’和D選項(xiàng)‘要抓住觀眾的注意力，更多的依靠的是敘事，而不是移動(dòng)的鏡頭’與原文不符，排除。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段：...describedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld”.Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.認(rèn)為電影制作是一個(gè)讓觀眾重新感知世界的過程。托夫影制作的描述是把電影看成是一種藝術(shù)。確定C選項(xiàng)‘闡述一個(gè)概念：電影是如何影響觀眾的視覺’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘舉個(gè)例子說明電影可以影響感知力’、B選項(xiàng)‘為以下論點(diǎn)提供論據(jù)：電影已經(jīng)成功影響了觀眾的感知力’和D選項(xiàng)‘將對(duì)電影作用的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)與現(xiàn)代觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較’與原文不符，排除。

3.整個(gè)文章是按照先講問題，再分析原因，最后提出解決辦法這一模式行文的，所以A選項(xiàng)‘先提出觀察到的令人不滿意的現(xiàn)狀，再分析原因，最后給出解決方法’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘先提出兩個(gè)矛盾的觀點(diǎn)，再提出各自支持的論據(jù)，最后將兩個(gè)矛盾綜合’、C選項(xiàng)‘先批駁一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，再反駁回去，然后再批駁另一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)’和D選項(xiàng)‘先提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，再給支持該觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)，最后總結(jié)’不符合原文的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)，排除。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段：Films...havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracymoreeffectivelythanpublicationscan:電影比出版物更具有提高觀眾視覺認(rèn)識(shí)能力的潛力。第三段：Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.藝術(shù)類電影很少在黃金時(shí)段播出，究其原因，一方面是因?yàn)榉峙涞南拗疲硪环矫婢褪窃S多這類影片本身的不足之處。由確定B選項(xiàng)‘討論藝術(shù)類電影本身的不足之處以及技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，要求提高對(duì)視覺認(rèn)識(shí)能力的影響力’符合題意。A選項(xiàng)‘討論電影作為媒體，其向大眾傳播藝術(shù)的潛力沒有得到充分發(fā)揮的原因，以及電影在這方面或許有著更大的效應(yīng)’、C選項(xiàng)‘討論與出版物相比，運(yùn)用電影這一方式向大眾宣傳藝術(shù)作品的優(yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì)’和D選項(xiàng)‘為以下觀點(diǎn)提供論據(jù)：藝術(shù)類電影為了提高觀眾的視覺認(rèn)識(shí)能力，把重點(diǎn)放在教育意義上而非娛樂性‘不符合原文，排除。

5.根據(jù)文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)類影片的制片人不應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循拍攝搖滾影片和廣告的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords...藝術(shù)作品需要開發(fā)出屬于自己的特色語言或術(shù)語。藝術(shù)歷史學(xué)家也要相信觀眾有能力去辨析，而不是僅僅依靠言語。確定C選項(xiàng)‘電影在提高觀眾的視覺形式意識(shí)方面，大有潛力可挖’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘閱讀有關(guān)藝術(shù)作品的出版物，然后看一場(chǎng)同類型的電影，這是提高觀眾視覺認(rèn)識(shí)能力最有效的方法’、B選項(xiàng)‘觀眾視覺認(rèn)識(shí)能力的擴(kuò)大將擴(kuò)大觀眾注意力的范圍’和D選項(xiàng)‘以藝術(shù)類作品為題裁的電影將會(huì)阻礙視覺認(rèn)識(shí)能力的發(fā)展’不符合原文。

6.根據(jù)文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)類影片的制片人不應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循拍攝搖滾影片和廣告的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords...：藝術(shù)作品需要開發(fā)出屬于自己的特色語言或術(shù)語。藝術(shù)歷史學(xué)家也要相信觀眾有能力去辨析，而不是僅僅依靠言語。由此確定B選項(xiàng)‘演講或書面言語所取得的效果，電影可以通過非言語的方式獲得同樣的效果‘正確。A選項(xiàng)‘藝術(shù)歷史學(xué)家創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)類電影的作用相對(duì)降低了’、C選項(xiàng)‘進(jìn)一步分析藝術(shù)類作品不適合成為藝術(shù)類電影的主題的原因’和D選項(xiàng)‘在博物館欣賞藝術(shù)作品時(shí)，寂靜與之最為相村，可是這一點(diǎn)并不適合用在電影中’不符合原文，排除。

7.根據(jù)文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.合作藝術(shù)類影片的制片人不應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循拍攝搖滾影片和廣告的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.藝術(shù)作品需要開發(fā)出屬于自己的特色語言或術(shù)語。由此得出，如果遵照做了，勢(shì)必產(chǎn)生相反的效果。所以D選項(xiàng)‘蔑視’符合題意。A選項(xiàng)‘矛盾心理’、B選項(xiàng)‘漠不關(guān)心’和C選項(xiàng)‘同情’不符合原文，排除。

8.單選題

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowofboilingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.negligent

C.serenity

D.custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)negative“負(fù)的，消極的，否定的”；B選項(xiàng)negligent“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；C選項(xiàng)serenity“平靜，寧靜”；D選項(xiàng)custody“保管，監(jiān)護(hù)，拘留”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名護(hù)工將沸騰的開水倒入浴缸，導(dǎo)致一名病人死亡，這個(gè)是測(cè)試他是否嚴(yán)重_____。根據(jù)原句邏輯，這個(gè)護(hù)工導(dǎo)致病人死亡，可見他的工作是有疏忽的，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Anewtechnologicalprocessmaybeemployedtotapthisabundantsupplydirectly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploit

B.search

C.produce

D.reserve

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.exploit開采B.search搜索

C.produce生產(chǎn)D.reserve預(yù)訂；儲(chǔ)備

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】tap的主語是一種新工藝，賓語是這一豐富的資源，原詞tap“利用，開發(fā)，發(fā)掘”，A選項(xiàng)exploit“開采”與原詞最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)search“搜索”，與原詞詞義不相近；

C選項(xiàng)produce“生產(chǎn)”，不符合原文語義邏輯，生產(chǎn)的賓語一般是產(chǎn)品，而原文的賓語屬于原料；

D選項(xiàng)reserve“預(yù)訂；儲(chǔ)備”，與原詞詞義不相近。

【句意】也許可以采用一種新工藝直接開發(fā)這一豐富的資源。

10.單選題

Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablethingdependingtoalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolortoothercolorsseensimultaneously.Itisnotfixedinitsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhichcreatesit.Ontheotherhand,thepropertiesofsurfacesthatgiverisetocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolors,usually(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier.

Whentheeyeisfixedonacoloredarea,thereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthesensitivityoftheeyetocolorinandaroundtheareaviewed.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotimmediatelyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthegazeisshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchouten,itappearsthat,atleastforafirstapproximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceoveraverybrieftimeiftheadaptingsourceismoderately,brightandtheeyehasbeeninrelativedarknessjustpreviously.Asthestimulusisallowedtoact,however,theeffectbecomesmorepersistentinthesensethatittakestheeyelongertoregainitssensitivitytolowerintensities.Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond.Theeffectnotonlyispresentoverthemutualareacausingthe“l(fā)ocaladaptation”butalsospreadswithdecreasingstrengthtoadjoiningareasoftheeyetoproduce“l(fā)ateraladaptation”.Also,becauseofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecomeuniformoverthewholeeye.

1.Thisselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Whetheracoloredobjectwould,ontwoviewingsseparatedintime,appeartotheviewerassimilarordifferentincolorwoulddependmostlyon（）.

3.Ifaperson'seyehasbeenlookingatanobjectinbrightsunlightforsometime,andthenshiftstoanobjectnotwelllit,wecanexpect（）.

4.Theword"superimpose"(Line12,Paragraph2)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Thepresentselectionhasapparentlybeenprecededbysomeexplanationof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theeye’sadaptationtocolor

B.thepropertiesofcoloredsurfaces

C.thecolorofcolors

D.theeffectofchangesincolorintensity

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecolormechanismoftheeyeinuseatthetimeofeachviewing

B.whethertheobjectwasseeninartificialornaturallight

C.whatkindofviewinghadimmediatelyprecededeachoftheviewings

D.theindividual'spoweroflateraladaptation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.atimelaginthefocusingabilityoftheeye

B.theimmediatelossofthe"afterimage"ofthefirstobject

C.someinabilitytoseecolorsofthelatter-namedobjectsuntillossofsensitivityhasbeenregained

D.theadaptationinthecentralareaoftheeyebutlittleadaptationinthelateralareastothenewintensitylevel

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.putsomethingover

B.forcesomethingtoappear

C.levysomethingupon

D.makesomethingavailable

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.someexperimentwithcolorpigments

B.thenatureofcolor

C.thecolorpropertiesofvarioussurfaces

D.themechanismoftheeye'sadaptationtocolor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段提出:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(這兩種效果在很大程度上都是由于前面提到的顏色適應(yīng)機(jī)制)，后面接著論述了眼睛對(duì)顏色的適應(yīng)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“眼睛對(duì)顏色的適應(yīng)”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation(觀看時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，強(qiáng)度越高，面積越大，在接下來的觀察中存留的影響就越大)。由此可知答案為C項(xiàng)“快速轉(zhuǎn)移視線前所見景物”.

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第六句:Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最終的結(jié)果是，如果眼睛盯著某種顏色看，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到較低強(qiáng)度的區(qū)域，由第一區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的靈敏度損失將仍然存在，并將會(huì)作為后像出現(xiàn)而疊加到第二個(gè)區(qū)域中)。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“直到失去的敏感度恢復(fù)了，才能看到后一個(gè)物體一些原本看不到的顏色”正確。

第4題:詞義題?？蓞⒖嫉诙蔚诹?Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最終的結(jié)果是，如果眼睛盯著某種顏色看，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到較低強(qiáng)度的區(qū)域，由第一區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的靈敏度損失將仍然存在，并將會(huì)作為后像出現(xiàn)而…到第二個(gè)區(qū)域中)。由此可知，superimposed指“疊加的”。因此A項(xiàng)“把某物放在上面”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段最后一句:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(這兩種效應(yīng)似乎和之前提到的顏色適應(yīng)機(jī)制有很大關(guān)系)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“眼睛適應(yīng)顏色的機(jī)制”正確。

11.單選題

IthoughtthatProfessorLiebermann'sspeechatthefarewellbanquetwasverymarvelous.andsodidmostoftheotherpeoplethere,tojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speechatthefarewellbanque

B.verymarvelous

C.andsodid

D.tojudgefromthevigorous

E.tojudgefromthevigorous

【答案】D

【解析】語法錯(cuò)誤。非謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤。tojudgefrom改為judgingfrom?！皌ojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived”這部分在句子中作方式狀語，故需要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式j(luò)udgingfrom。

12.單選題

Heshowednosignsofpain（

）tohisdeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.before

B.preceding

C.prior

D.following

【答案】C

【解析】考察固定搭配。priorto“在……之前”。句意：他臨死前沒有表現(xiàn)出任何痛苦的跡象。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.翻譯題

(1)Inmanyofthecountriesstrugglingtofindenoughwaterfortheirpopulations,itisthegovernmentthatistoblame,notgeographyaccordingtoareportoutthisweek.

(2)SeveralrecentUNstudiesshowthatlackofwaterisholdingbackfoodproductionandeconomicdevelopmentinmoreandmoreregionsaroundtheworld.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,athirdoftheplanetwillfacewatershortagesby2025.

ButCarolineSullivan,headofwaterpolicyandmanagementatBritain’sCentreforEcologyandHydrology(CEH)inWallingford,Oxfordshire,saystheseproblemsareoftenofacountry’sownmaking.(3)“Itiseasyforgovernmentstoblamegeographywhentheproblemisusuallytheirownfailings.”Shesays.Unlesstheyrealizethis,theywillhavenochanceofachievingthegoalagreedatthisyear’sWorldSummitofhalvingthenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstocleandrinkingwaterby2015,sheadds.

SullivanisthechiefauthoroftheWaterPovertyIndex,publishedthisweekbytheCEHTheindex,whichwasputtogetherwithSullivan’scolleaguesatthewaterpolicythinktanktheWorldWaterCouncil,rankscountriesbyhowefficientlytheyconserve,useanddeliverwatertothosewhoneedit.

(4)Itrevealsasharpcontrastbetweencountriesthatmanagetheirwaterwellandthosethatdon’t.HaitiandtheDominicanRepublicsharethesameCaribbeanisland,andhavesimilarpopulationsandaccesstosimilaramountsofWater.YetwhiletheDominicanRepublicappearsinthetophalfoftheindex,Haitisufferslastoutofthe147countriesassessed.

Onereasonispoverty,butHaitihasalsochoppeddownitsforest,causing20%muchsoilerosionthatrainfallrunsintotheseainflashfloodsratherthansoakingintothesoilandsupplementingaquifers(地下蓄水層).

Notallrichnationsfarewellintheindex.(5)TheU.S.andJapancome32ndand36threspectively,largelybecausethewaytheycollectandusewateriswastefulanddamagestheenvironment.Australiaranked44th,whileBritainisin11thplace.“Therealcrisisisnottheamountofwater.It’sthewayweuseit.”saysSullivan.

【答案】1.本周公布的報(bào)告表明，在奮力為人民找到充足水源的許多國(guó)家中，應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任的是政府，而不是地理環(huán)境。

2.聯(lián)合國(guó)最近的幾項(xiàng)研究表明，在世界上越來越多的地區(qū)，缺水正阻礙糧食生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

3.如果問題基本上是政府自身的過失，政府很容易怪罪于地理環(huán)境。

4.它形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，有的國(guó)家恰如其分地管理了水資源，而有的國(guó)家沒有。

5.美國(guó)和日本分別排在第32位和第36位，這主要是因?yàn)樗麄兪占褪褂盟姆绞皆斐衫速M(fèi)且破壞環(huán)境。

14.單選題

Nearlyeleventhousandpeoplehavebeenarrestedfordefyingthebanonstreettrading.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizing

B.neglecting

C.blaming

D.disclosing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。defy（其現(xiàn)在分詞為defying）“違抗，反對(duì)；藐視；不顧”；A選項(xiàng)criticize（其現(xiàn)在分詞為criticizing）“批評(píng)；評(píng)論”；B選項(xiàng)neglect（其現(xiàn)在分詞為neglecting）“疏忽，故意忽視”；C選項(xiàng)blame（其現(xiàn)在分詞blaming）“責(zé)備；歸咎于”；D選項(xiàng)disclose（其現(xiàn)在分詞為disclosing）“公開；揭露”。句意：近1.1萬人因藐視街頭交易禁令而被捕。根據(jù)句中“arrested逮捕”與“thebanonstreettrading街頭交易禁令”可知defy在這里應(yīng)表示一種故意忽視，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】atthecostof

以...為代價(jià)；onthevergeof瀕臨于,

接近于；asaresultof因此,

由于；forthesakeof為了。句意：人壽保險(xiǎn)為被保者的家屬提供經(jīng)濟(jì)保障,

以防止因養(yǎng)家糊口的人去世而造成的損失。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

16.單選題

Thedevelopedcountriesareurgingthedevelopingcountriestoadoptastrategythatcan（）thetwinneedsofdevelopmentandpreservationofnature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assimilate

B.correspond

C.coincide

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:assimilate“吸收”；B:correspond“一'致”；C:coincide“一致”；D:reconcile“使一致”。句意：發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家正在催促發(fā)展中國(guó)家采用一個(gè)能使發(fā)展和保護(hù)自然的雙重需要一致的策略。結(jié)合此處語境，D為正確答案。

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

IcametoIndiaayearagotofindavillageinwhichIcouldliveandwritebutitwasmanymonthsbeforeIsettleddownhappilyinthisHimalayancommunity.

Iwastedalotoftimelookingforthe“typical”village.Yetnosuchthingexists.Conditionsarequitedifferentfromvillagetovillage.ButthevillagesIstayedinhadmuchincommon—poor,dirtyandbackward.Oftenthevillagersthemselveswerepuzzledanddoubtful.WhyhadIcome?Ihadputasidemyworkasapoliticaljournalistbecausemyideashadchanged.IhadcometobelievethatwhatwashappeningintheThirdWorldwasmoreimportantthananythingelse.Buttounderstandhowthree-quartersoftheworldpopulationlive,andwhateffecttheirfuturemighthaveonours,IfeltthatIfirsthadtotryandsharetheirwayoflife.

IntheendIchoseamountainvillagebecauseitwaslittlecoolerthanthoseintheplains.Itookthebusfromtownalongarockyroad.Thencamearoughwalkdownasteeppathtotheriver.AfterthisIbegantheclimbintothehills.WheneverIstoppedtocatchmybreath,therewasabeautifulscene.Afterseveralhours’walkthevillagecameintosight.

1.AfterthewriterhadarrivedinIndia,（）.

2.Whilelookingforatypicalvillage,thewriterfound（）.

3.BeforecomingtoIndia,thewriter（）.

4.Thewritedecidedtochangehiswayoflifebecause（）.

5.Thevillagethewriterfinallychosetolivein（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hespentayearwritingabouttheplacehelivedin

B.hespentquitesometimelookingforasuitableplacetolivein

C.hestayedinanIndianvillageworkingforthepoor

D.helivedinaHimalayancommunityformanymonths

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hewassearchingfortheimpossible

B.allthevillageswereexactlythesame

C.hewasdoingsomethingenjoyable

D.thevillagerswerecuriousabouthim

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hadbeenasuccessfulpolitician

B.hadmadeadecisiontoworkforIndia

C.hadstudiedIndiacultureforsomemonths

D.hadworkedfornewspapersandmagazines

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.henolongerfoundhisworkinteresting

B.hehopedtoliveapeacefullifeinthecountryside

C.hewantedtofindoutmoreabouttheThirdWorld

D.hewantedtotryhisluckinaforeigncountry

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.layattheendofarockyroad

B.hadabeautifulsightoftheriver

C.wasashortwalkfromtheriver

D.hadbetterweatherthanthoseintheplains

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第一段首句IcametoIndiaayearagotofindavillageinwhichIcouldliveandwritebutitwasmanymonthsbeforeIsettleddownhappilyinthisHimalayancommunity.（一年前，我來到印度，想找到一個(gè)可以生活和寫作的村莊，但過了好幾個(gè)月，我才愉快地在這個(gè)喜馬拉雅社區(qū)安頓下來）可知選B選項(xiàng)“他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間找一個(gè)合適的地方住”，A選項(xiàng)“他花了一年的時(shí)間寫他居住過的地方”，C選項(xiàng)“他住在印度的一個(gè)村子里，為窮人干活”，A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)原文沒有提及，D選項(xiàng)“他在一個(gè)喜馬拉雅社區(qū)住了好幾個(gè)月”，原文只說了在喜馬拉雅社區(qū)安頓下來，但并沒有說多久，因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第二段的首句Iwastedalotoftimelookingforthe“typical”village.Yetnosuchthingexists.（我浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間尋找“典型的”村莊。然而，這樣的事情并不存在）可知A選項(xiàng)“他在搜索不可能的事”正確，B選項(xiàng)“所有的村莊都一模一樣”，原文第二段的第三句Conditionsarequitedifferentfromvillagetovillage.可得知每個(gè)村莊之間的情況都是很不一樣的，因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，C選項(xiàng)“他在做一些令人愉快的事情”，C選項(xiàng)原文沒有提及，D選項(xiàng)“村民們對(duì)他很好奇”第二段的第五句Oftenthevillagersthemselveswerepuzzledanddoubtful.可得知村民們自己也常常感到困惑和懷疑，而不是好奇。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段的第六句“WhyhadIcome?Ihadputasidemyworkasapoliticaljournalistbecausemyideashadchanged.”（我為什么要來？我放下了政治記者的工作，因?yàn)槲业南敕ㄒ呀?jīng)改變了）可知選D選項(xiàng)“曾經(jīng)為報(bào)紙和雜志工作過”。作者放棄了政治記者的工作來到了印度，也就是說來印度之前作者是一個(gè)政治記者。A選項(xiàng)“是一個(gè)成功的政治家”，文中說的是政治記者，而不是政治家，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，B選項(xiàng)“決定為印度工作”，C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)印度文化好幾個(gè)月了”，在原文均沒有提及，所以B，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Buttounderstandhowthree-quartersoftheworldpopulationlive,andwhateffecttheirfuturemighthaveonours,（他的想法改變是希望了解和體驗(yàn)發(fā)展中國(guó)家人們的生活和未來）可知選擇C選項(xiàng)“他想更多的了解第三世界”，A選項(xiàng)“他不再覺得他的工作有趣了”，B選項(xiàng)“他希望在鄉(xiāng)下過平靜的生活”，D選項(xiàng)“他想在外國(guó)碰碰運(yùn)氣”，在原文均沒有提及，所以A，B，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文末段首句IntheendIchoseamountainvillagebecauseitwaslittlecoolerthanthoseintheplains.（最后，我選擇了一個(gè)山村，因?yàn)槟抢锉绕皆系拇迩f涼快一點(diǎn)）可知選擇D選項(xiàng)“比平原上的天氣好”。A選項(xiàng)“躺在崎嶇道路的盡頭”，B選項(xiàng)“可以看到河邊的美景”，C選項(xiàng)“離河不遠(yuǎn)”，在原文均沒有提及，因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Ourspeciesevolvedonthemove.Recentresearchontheeffectsofexerciseandtheconsequencesofsedentarylivinghasshownthatphysicalactivityiscrucialtotheproperprocessingoffoodsthatweeat.Infact,mostofthechronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansinepidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise.Amongthemareheartdisease,diabetes,highbloo