書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大同煤炭職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Microwavesareatypeofelectromagneticradiation;theyareaverymildformofelectricalormagneticwavethatmovesthroughspace.UnlikeX-raysandgammarays,whichareverypowerfulraysofradiation,microwavesareratherweakandaremuchmorelikethewavesofradiationusedinradiobroadcasting.

Inmicrowaveovens,theuseofmicrowaveswithwhichmostpeoplearefamiliar,thewavesareproducedbyanelectronictubecalledamagnetron.Microwavesproducebeatinanyfoodplacedinsidetheovenbycausingthewaterinthefoodtovibraterapidlyandthusheatup.Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.

Microwavesdonotpassthroughmetalssothemicrowavesareretainedwithintheoven.Microwavespassimmediatelythroughglass,paper,andplasticwithnoeffectonthesematerialsoronthemicrowaves;nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.Sometimesapartorcontainerisheatedbecauseitistouchingthehotfood,though;someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.

Actually,weknowverylittleabouthowmicrowaveradiationmightaffecthumanbeings.Obviously,ifmicrowavescancookaroastbyexcitingthewatermoleculesinthemeatstheycoulddothesamethingtohumanflesh.Humanbeingcouldbeburnedbyprolongedexposuretohighlevelsofmicrowaves.Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.

Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.Someexperimentshavebeenperformedonanimals,buttheresultsareverydifficulttointerpret.Astheeyesareparticularlysensitive,rabbitsexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveswerecheckedforthegrowthofcataracts,andnonewerefound.Ontheotherhand,someanimalsseemabletosensemicrowaveradiationandtrytoescapefromitimmediately.Inothers,microwaveradiationcausesthebodytoreactasifdefendingitselfagainstdecease.Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful，thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageistodiscuss（）.

2.Microwavesare（）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat（）.

4.Theauthor’stoneis（）.

5.Asusedinthe3rdparagraphofthispassage,theword“documented"means（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thebeneficialuseofmicrowaves

B.theharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves

C.themodernmethodsofcooking

D.theuseandpossibleharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.absolutelysafeatlowlevels

B.veryefficientforcooking

C.cancer-causinginpeoplewithweakeyes

D.completelyunderstoodbyScientists

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theheatcreatedinmicrowaveovensisverydifficulttocontrol

B.foodtastesbetterwhencookedinamicrowaveoven

C.foodcookedinmicrowaveovensisprobablymorenutritiousthanfoodcookedinmoreconventionalways

D.mostresearchontheeffectsofmicrowavesonhumanbeingshasbeenrestrictedtothestudyoflowlevelmicrowaveradiation

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.sarcastic

C.negative

D.skeptical

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.numbered

B.recorded

C.legal

D.believable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段介紹了微波的特點(diǎn)，第二三段講述了微波的用途，最后分析了微波可能對(duì)人體造成的傷害。故D項(xiàng)“微波的用途及可能造成的影響”正確。ABC三項(xiàng)均比較片面。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.除了食物本身，微波爐里的任何東西都不會(huì)被加熱，因此烹飪過(guò)程比傳統(tǒng)的烤箱更有效率?？芍狟項(xiàng)正確。由Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful，thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.這些反應(yīng)使一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為微波輻射是有害的，盡管是以一些尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的方式?？芍狝項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.目前還沒(méi)有對(duì)暴露在低水平微波輻射下的人進(jìn)行研究。可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。第四段Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.但科學(xué)家們更關(guān)心的是低水平微波照射的影響，比如微波爐泄漏可能造成的影響。與D項(xiàng)“微波對(duì)人體影響的研究大多局限于對(duì)低水平微波輻射的研究”同義。AB兩項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及；C項(xiàng)“用微波爐烹飪的食物可能比用傳統(tǒng)方法烹飪的食物更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)”是對(duì)原文“Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.含有更多水分的食物烹飪時(shí)間更短，在微波爐中烹飪時(shí)可能會(huì)保留更多的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分?！钡那?。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本文前半部分提到了微波給人們的生活帶來(lái)了便利，可以快速地加熱食物，后半部分提到了科學(xué)家對(duì)微波是否會(huì)對(duì)人體造成傷害進(jìn)行了討論，全文沒(méi)有涉及主觀性色彩的內(nèi)容，所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀的，故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.詞義題。Someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.一些使用微波爐的人被熱的食物、熱鍋或從食物中逸出的蒸汽燒傷。沒(méi)有記錄在案的微波爐輻射灼傷案例。聯(lián)系上文可以推斷documented為記錄的。

2.單選題

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which指代先行詞discovery，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，Ithink作插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)放在其前面，因此選A。句意：這位科學(xué)家又有了一個(gè)了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認(rèn)為這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)這對(duì)科學(xué)很重要。

3.單選題

People’sattitudetowardsdrugsvariesfrompersontoperson.Some__51__themasmiraculous;othersthinkofthemasdangerous.Thenwhatisthesensibleattitudetowarddrugs?

Ithinkthefirstthingtothinkaboutisthedifferencebetweendrugsandwonderdrugs.Theantibioticscanreally__52__certainbacterialdiseases.Ontheotherhand,themajordiseasesthreateningAmericanstodayarecancer,stroke,highbloodpressure,coronarydiseaseandetc.__53__them,thedoctor’sbagoftricksislimited.Hehasnowonderdrugs.

Sothefirstimportantlessonisnotto__54__toomuchfromdrugs.Ifyoucanacceptthefactthatthewaragainstmanyofourmostdevastatingdiseasesis,at__55__aholdingoperationratherthananinevitabletriumph,itwill__56__agreatdealtoeaseyourlifeaswellasthatofyourdoctor.Toomany__57__exertgreatpressuresondoctorstoprescribeforeverysmallsymptom,evenwhensuchtreatmentisunwarrantedordangerous.

Unfortunately,themedicalprofessionisguiltyoftakingpart,toacertain__58__,inthewrongfulaction.Thepatientwhodemandsashotofpenicillinforeverysniffleandsneezemaybe__59__theinjectionbyareluctant__60__becauseheiscertainthatifhedoesnot,thepatientwillsearchuntilhefindsadoctorwhowill.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.regard

B.regards

C.regarded

D.regarding

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.care

B.treat

C.cure

D.deal

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toward

B.Pro

C.Against

D.Dealing

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.expect

B.except

C.expert

D.express

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.last

B.least

C.best

D.worst

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.do

C.take

D.have

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.patience

B.patient

C.patienthood

D.patients

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.extent

B.extension

C.extensive

D.extend

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.taken

B.fetched

C.given

D.done

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.physical

B.physic

C.physics

D.physician

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】51.考查時(shí)態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)regard“認(rèn)為”，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；B選項(xiàng)regards，第三人稱單數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；C選項(xiàng)regarded，一般過(guò)去時(shí)；D選項(xiàng)regarding，現(xiàn)在分詞形式，不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)。本題所在分句沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞，則空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)為Some“一些（人）”，排除B、D選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)后一個(gè)分句謂語(yǔ)thinkof“認(rèn)為”判斷，該處為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且全文基本為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除B選項(xiàng)。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

52.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)care“照顧；關(guān)心；顧慮”；B選項(xiàng)treat“治療”，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程；C選項(xiàng)cure“治好”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；D選項(xiàng)deal“販毒；發(fā)牌”，搭配介詞with，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)dealwith才有“處理，對(duì)付”的意思。句意：抗生素確實(shí)可以____某些細(xì)菌性疾病?？股乜梢杂糜谀承┘?xì)菌性疾病，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，把病治好。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

53.考查介詞辨析與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)toward“向；對(duì)（某事的態(tài)度）；（時(shí)間上）接近”；B選項(xiàng)pro“支持，贊成”；C選項(xiàng)against“反對(duì)；防備（令人不快的或有害的事物）”；D選項(xiàng)dealing“商業(yè)往來(lái)，交易”。句意：____它們，醫(yī)生的手段是有限的。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)該是指治療這些疾?。ú皇侵笇?duì)它們的態(tài)度），醫(yī)生們的手段有限。C選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境，D選項(xiàng)搭配介詞with，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)dealwith才有“處理，對(duì)付”的意思。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

54.考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expect“期望，動(dòng)詞”；B選項(xiàng)except“除……以外，介詞”；C選項(xiàng)expert“專家，名詞”；D選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)，動(dòng)詞”。句意：第一個(gè)重要的教訓(xùn)是不要對(duì)藥品____太多。根據(jù)句意，“期望”最符合語(yǔ)義，本題解題的關(guān)鍵在于區(qū)別形近詞。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

55.考查固定搭配與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)atlast“最終”；B選項(xiàng)atleast“至少”；C選項(xiàng)atbest“最多，充其量”，用于在情況很糟糕的時(shí)候，可能發(fā)生的最好的事情；D選項(xiàng)atworst“在最壞的情況下”。句意：對(duì)抗許多最具毀滅性疾病的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)____是一場(chǎng)維持現(xiàn)狀的行動(dòng)，而不是必然的勝利。原句想表達(dá)的是，在面對(duì)很多毀滅性的疾病的時(shí)候，能發(fā)生的最好的情況也只是維持現(xiàn)狀，“充其量”與句意最搭配。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

56.考查固定搭配與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)make“制作；使得”；B選項(xiàng)do“做”；C選項(xiàng)take“占據(jù)；拿”；D選項(xiàng)have“有”。句意：如果你能接受這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即……的話，這將對(duì)減輕你和你的醫(yī)生的生活負(fù)擔(dān)____很多。根據(jù)句意，接受某個(gè)事實(shí)可以幫助減輕你和你的醫(yī)生的生活負(fù)擔(dān)。B選項(xiàng)doagreatdealto做了很多，最符合句意，可引申為“有助于”。干擾選項(xiàng)Amakeagreatdeal意為“做了一筆大買賣”，或者makeagreatdealoutofsth“小題大做”，總之沒(méi)有“做了很多，有幫助”的意思。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

57.考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)patience“耐心，名詞”；B選項(xiàng)patient“病人，單數(shù)名詞；有耐心的，形容詞”；C選項(xiàng)patienthood“病態(tài)心理，名詞”；D選項(xiàng)patients“病人，名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。句意：太多的____對(duì)醫(yī)生施加了巨大的壓力……。根據(jù)句意，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞病人；原文空格前有many，所以填入的應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

58.考查固定搭配與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)extent“程度，名詞”；B選項(xiàng)extension“拓展，延伸，名詞”；C選項(xiàng)extensive“廣泛的；大量的，形容詞”；D選項(xiàng)extend“延伸，動(dòng)詞”。句意：醫(yī)務(wù)人員，____，犯有參與不法行為的罪行?！皌oacertain____”在原文中做插入語(yǔ)，固定搭配toacertainextent意為“在某種程度上”。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

59.考查固定搭配與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)taken“拿”；B選項(xiàng)fetched“取來(lái)”；C選項(xiàng)given“給”；D選項(xiàng)done“做”。句意：每次打噴嚏就要打一針青霉素的病人可能被____注射。不考慮空格處的詞，句子也能表達(dá)完整的語(yǔ)義，“注射；打針”從醫(yī)生的角度說(shuō)是“giveaninjection”,從病人的角度說(shuō)是“have/takeaninjection”。原文主語(yǔ)為病人，但用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以用動(dòng)詞用“give”更合適。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

60.考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)physical“物理的，形容詞”；B選項(xiàng)physic“藥物，名詞；給病人服藥，動(dòng)詞”；C選項(xiàng)physics“物理學(xué)，名詞”；D選項(xiàng)physician“醫(yī)生，內(nèi)科醫(yī)生，名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。句意：被一個(gè)不情愿的____注射，根據(jù)句意和上下文，此處應(yīng)該填醫(yī)生。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

4.單選題

Shegotveryangryand（

）herclothesaboutintheroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flung

B.flew

C.clamped

D.clashed

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:她很生氣，把衣服扔的房間里到處都是。

fling(尤指生氣地)扔，擲，拋，丟;猛動(dòng)(身體或身體部位);粗暴地(向某人)說(shuō);氣勢(shì)洶洶地(對(duì)某人)說(shuō)。clamp夾住，固定;緊緊抓住;緊夾住;被抓住;被夾緊;用夾鎖鎖住(車)。clash打斗;沖突;比賽;(公開地)爭(zhēng)論。

5.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

42.人們學(xué)會(huì)了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品質(zhì)，正是這些品質(zhì)使群體生活愉悅美好。在這些品質(zhì)中，最重要的是同情。你若是殘忍地對(duì)待動(dòng)物，你就不大可能對(duì)其他人善良體貼。你若是對(duì)其他人體貼入微，你就不大可能殘忍冷漠地對(duì)待動(dòng)物。古代的智者寫道“仁者愛(ài)人及畜”，原因概出于此。善待動(dòng)物并不是說(shuō)我們永遠(yuǎn)不能讓動(dòng)物承受痛苦。人類自身就是在快樂(lè)中、也在痛苦中經(jīng)受鍛煉。因此，有時(shí)候也需要用懲罰來(lái)訓(xùn)練我們的狗和馬，使他們聽從我們的指令。在醫(yī)生的手下，為了療好創(chuàng)傷或醫(yī)治疾病，我們得忍受痛苦。為了國(guó)家的利益，我們派遣最勇敢的人們直面創(chuàng)傷、疾病和死亡。同樣，我們讓戰(zhàn)馬和我們一起親冒矢石。

【答案】Peoplehavelearnedtovaluethequalitiesthateachofthempossessesthatmakegrouplifeenjoyable.Themostimportantofthesequalitiesiscompassion.Ifyouarecrueltoanimals,youarelesslikelytobekindtootherpeople.Ifyoutreatotherpeoplewithconsideration,youarelesslikelytotreatanimalswithcrueltyandinsensitivity.Thisiswhythewisemenofancienttimeswrotethat“benevolentmenlovetheiranimals.”Beingkindtoanimalsdoesnotmeanthatweshouldneverallowanimalstosuffer.Manhimselfisexercisedinpleasureaswellasinpain.Therefore,itissometimesnecessarytousepunishmenttotrainourdogsandhorsestoobeyourcommands.Underthehandsofadoctor,wehavetosufferinordertohealawoundorcureadisease.Wehavesentourbravestmenandwomentofacetrauma,diseaseanddeathinthefaceofwhatisgoodforourcountry.Inthesameway,weletourhorsesmarchwithusthroughthehailofbullets.

6.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoatanevenearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolutiontheshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（擾亂）European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvy（精通技術(shù)的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegativedarkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanidealwomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufrnann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon’tlastlongiftheystartatall.EppendorfablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdidgiveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmericanstylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.warmandlightheated

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury.（一位法國(guó)社會(huì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，從家庭生活到獨(dú)處生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，是上個(gè)世紀(jì)“不可抗拒的個(gè)人主義勢(shì)頭”的一部分）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們受到強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人主義的驅(qū)使”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.（在歐洲從社會(huì)民主向更尖銳、更個(gè)人主義的美國(guó)式資本主義轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)程中，當(dāng)代的獨(dú)居者逐漸成熟）可知B選項(xiàng)“歐洲社會(huì)越來(lái)越接近美國(guó)式的資本主義”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoiceTheywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!（最新一批單身人士是三四十歲的高收入者，他們?cè)絹?lái)越認(rèn)為獨(dú)居是一種生活方式的選擇……他們年輕，漂亮，強(qiáng)壯?。┛芍狣選項(xiàng)“健康和富有”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.（我總是做我想做的事：過(guò)一種自主的生活）可知A選項(xiàng)“一些現(xiàn)代女性更喜歡個(gè)人自由的生活”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了越來(lái)越多的歐洲人選擇在年輕時(shí)保持單身；第二段講述了歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了獨(dú)立趨勢(shì)，使人們具有獨(dú)立生活的能力；第三段講述了越來(lái)越多的高收入者選擇獨(dú)居生活；第四段舉例人們選擇單身的原因與個(gè)人事業(yè)發(fā)展有關(guān)。本文一直都是圍繞單身這個(gè)主題來(lái)展開闡述，已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢(shì)，因此C選項(xiàng)“研究年輕人獨(dú)居的趨勢(shì)”符合題意。

7.單選題

TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?

I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford

III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif（）.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.

C.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

D.TheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.I-II-IV-III

B.I-IV-III-II

C.III-II-I-IV

D.II-I-IV-III

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

B.providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.

C.overturningtheCivilRightsActof1866

D.assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Congress'authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged.

B.theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.theframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroups.

D.Moststategovernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens'civilrights.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment.

B.influencetheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions.

D.prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...writeintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrights...”可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段第二句“allinterpretersagreethat...theCivilRightsActof1866”可知,選項(xiàng)B也錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知選項(xiàng)C正確；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及。

2.根據(jù)原文可知,《民權(quán)法案》是1866年出臺(tái)的,《第十四條修正案》是1868年批準(zhǔn)的,所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,《民權(quán)法案》中的宣言其主要目的是為了反對(duì)最高法院在DredScott起訴Sanford案中做出的黑人可以被剝奪公民權(quán)的裁決。由此可知,訴訟發(fā)生在《民權(quán)法案》之前,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,AndrewJohnson總統(tǒng)否決了《民權(quán)法案》,他認(rèn)為廢除奴隸制的第十三修正案沒(méi)有賦予國(guó)會(huì)權(quán)力將公民權(quán)和平等保護(hù)擴(kuò)展到被解放的奴隸。盡管國(guó)會(huì)很快推翻了Johnson的否決,但該法案的支持者試圖通過(guò)《第十四條修正案》確保其憲法基礎(chǔ)。由此可知,《第十四條修正案》的支持者最關(guān)心的是憲法是否為所有美國(guó)公民的平等保護(hù)提供了支持,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,如果國(guó)會(huì)在立法公民權(quán)利方面的權(quán)威沒(méi)有受到挑戰(zhàn),《第十四條修正案》也許不會(huì)頒布。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“...,whichassertsthat“private”decisions...theFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.”該限制規(guī)定,公共設(shè)施和其他商業(yè)企業(yè)業(yè)主所做出的對(duì)其設(shè)施實(shí)行種族隔離的“私人”決定不受《第十四條修正案》保證的法律平等保護(hù)的影響。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

8.填空題

ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutonethirdofU.S.companies.Itmaynotbelong

whenLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapital

A

B

C

D

ofPR.

【答案】Dwhen改為before

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】從句。

【解題思路】D部分到句子結(jié)尾是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示用不了多久倫敦就會(huì)取代紐約，引導(dǎo)詞用before，表示在倫敦取代紐約要不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

【句意】最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過(guò)一半的英國(guó)公司將公關(guān)作為公司規(guī)劃活動(dòng)的一部分，而美國(guó)公司的這一比例只有三分之一。用不了多久，倫敦就會(huì)取代紐約成為公關(guān)之都。

9.單選題

Bridesareincreasinglyshunningsummerweddingsandgettingmarriedduringwinter______tocutcostsamidtheeconomicgloom,figuressuggest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insteadof

B.otherwise

C.instead

D.ratherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。空格處詞語(yǔ)需要修飾后面動(dòng)詞不定式，詞性限制為副詞。insteadof“代替；而不是”是介詞短語(yǔ)，A選項(xiàng)排除；otherwise“否則；另外”；instead“代替；相反”；ratherthan“而不是”。句意：數(shù)據(jù)顯示，為了在經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷時(shí)期削減成本，越來(lái)越多的新娘避開夏季婚禮……在冬季結(jié)婚。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tragedy

B.vacuum

C.question

D.barrier

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。tragedy悲劇，災(zāi)難；vacuum真空；question問(wèn)題，疑問(wèn)；barrier障礙，界線。

句意：眼神交流很重要，因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤的眼神交流可能會(huì)造成溝通障礙。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

11.單選題

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkerstearthey’vebecomethedisposableAmericanasLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedUtopian(烏托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(肥胖癥).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.Healthcareandeducationalcosthave