書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南華大學船山學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Nations,likeindividualsorsportsteams,willnotfollowleaderstheydon'trespect,whosegoalsareunclear,whosephilosophyisnotin_______withacceptedhumanvalues.

問題1選項

A.synonym

B.syne

C.synod

D.sync

【答案】D

【解析】synonym同義字;syne自從;synod大會,宗教會議;sync同時;同步。句意：國家,就像個人或運動隊一樣,不會追隨他們不受他們尊重,目標不明確,人生觀也與公認的人類價值觀不一致的領導者。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Thebookmightwellhave（）haditbeenlessexpensive.

問題1選項

A.workedout

B.gonethrough

C.fittedin

D.caughton

【答案】D

【解析】動詞短語含義辨析。workout“解決,算出,實現(xiàn)”;gothrough“檢查,通過”;fitin“適應,適合”;catchon“理解,變得流行”。句意:如果這本書不那么貴的話,可能會很流行。選項D符合句意。

3.翻譯題

我一直以為大學校長是高瞻遠矚、指導學術與教育大方向的決策人，而不是管饅頭稀飯的保姆。這一類型的教育者的用心，毋庸置疑，當然是善意的。問題是，我們論“事”的時候，用心如何根本不重要，重要的是實際后果，而教育的后果何其嚴重！在這種過度呵護的幼稚教育下成長的大學生，遇事時，除了“眼淚汪汪”之外又能做些什么呢？

【答案】參考譯文：

Ihavealwaysconsidereduniversitypresidentstobefar-sighteddecision—makerswhoconductacademicresearchandguidemaindirectionsofeducationratherthanbabysitterswhoareinchargeofstudents’dailylife.Ofcourse,thereisnodoubtthatsucheducatorshaveverygoodintentions.Theproblemis,whenwemakejudgmentsonsomething,whatmatterarenotintentionsbuttheactualconsequences.Andhowserioustheconsequencesofeducationare!Whatcanyouexpecttheuniversitystudentswhoarebroughtupinaneducationalsystemwhichtreatthemlikebabiestodoexceptforseeingthemtoshedtearsinfaceofanactualhardshipproblem?

4.單選題

Withmostonlinerecruitmentservices,job-huntersmustchoosetheirwordscarefully,（

）thesearchenginewillnevermakethecorrectmatch.

問題1選項

A.therefore

B.whereas

C.provided

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯連接詞。therefore為連接性副詞，表示“因此”；whereas“然而”；provided“假如，以……為條件”；otherwise“否則就”。句意：求職者通過在線求職服務求職時必須仔細選擇用詞，否則搜索引擎無法正確匹配。選項D符合題意。

5.翻譯題

中國畫是中國傳統(tǒng)藝術的一個重要分支。使用長毫毛筆，墨汁及水彩在絹紙上創(chuàng)作的傳統(tǒng)中國畫可謂碩果累累，且對中國文化與藝術有著重要影響。

傳統(tǒng)中國畫可以按其主題分為人物，山水，花鳥畫等，或依據創(chuàng)作技法區(qū)分為工畫(Meticulous)和寫意畫(Thought-sketching)。

中國畫將詩、書、畫、印結合起來，構成一種程式化形式的藝術。憑借上述元素，中國畫能夠充分展現(xiàn)B師的藝術特色，并且增添了其美學價值。

【答案】ChinesepaintingisanimportantbranchofChinesetraditionalart.Withusinglonghairpens,inkandwatercolor,traditionalChinesepaintingscreatedonsilkpaperhavebeenfruitfulandhavehadanimportantimpactonChinesecultureandart.

TraditionalChinesepaintingcanbedividedinto,accordingtoitsthemelandscape,figurepainting,landscapepaintingandbirdandflowerpainting,etc.,ordividedintoMeticulouspaintingandThought-sketchingpaintinginaccordancewiththecreativetechnique.

Chinesepaintingcombinespoetry,calligraphy,paintingandprintingtoformastylizedformofart.Withaboveelements,Chinesepaintingcanfullyshowtheartist'sartisticcharacteristicsandadditsaestheticvalue.

6.單選題

Classifiedadvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectionsofthepaperandisthusdistinguishedfromdisplayadvertising.Suchgroupingsas“HelpWanted”，“RealEstate”“LostandFound”aremade,theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.Classifiedadvertisementsareaconveniencetothereaderandasavingtotheadvertiser.

Thereaderwhoisinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertisementfindsalladvertisementsofthattypegroupedforhim.Theadvertisersmay,onthisaccount,useaverysmalladvertisementifitwereplacedamonglargeradvertisementsinthepaper.Itisevidentthatthereaderapproachestheclassifiedadvertisementinadifferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapproachestheotheradvertisementsinthepaper.Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereader'sattention.Formerlyallclassifiedadvertisementswereofthesamesizeanddidnothavedisplaytype.Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader'sattention.Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealityadvertisement.Thisisparticularlytrueofrealestateadvertising.

1.AllofthefollowingfactsareadvantagesofclassifiedadvertisementforadvertisersEXCEPTthat（）.

2.Oneoftheexamplesgivenabouttypesofclassifiedadvertisementis（）.

3.Whatsortofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadvertisement,accordingtothewriter?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertisementschangednowadays?

5.Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance?

問題1選項

A.classifiedadvertisementchargeslessmoney

B.itiseasiertoattracttheattentionofthetargetconsumers

C.itprovidesmoreinformationforthereaders

D.itdoesnothavetorelytoomuchondisplaytype

問題2選項

A.housesforsale

B.peoplewhoareaskingforhelp

C.peoplewhoarelost

D.jobvacancies

問題3選項

A.Theyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything

B.Theyarelookingforsomethingtheyneed

C.Theyfeellostbecausetherearesomanyadvertisements

D.Theyfeelthesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertisements

問題4選項

A.Theydependmoreondisplaytype.

B.Moremoneyischargedforthem.

C.Theyaredividedintomoregroups.

D.Theyarelessformal.

問題5選項

A.Becausepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.

B.Becauserealestateadvertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.

C.Becausetheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisementsmeanstheyhavetobesmallnow.

D.Becausetherearemoreadvertisementsnowandmorecompetitionamongadvertisers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.收費低于展示廣告。”和第二段“Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereader'sattention由于讀者的注意力是自愿的，因此不需要過分依賴展示類型來吸引讀者的注意力?！笨芍狝BD項文中都有提及，故答案C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Suchgroupingsas“HelpWanted”，“RealEstate”“LostandFound”aremade諸如“招聘”、“房地產”、“失物招領”等?！笨芍猂ealEstate對應A項，故答案選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.他翻開一頁分類廣告，尋找能滿足他需要的特定廣告?！笨芍狟項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealityadvertisement.在許多情況下，其結果是增加了使用空間的大小，增加了標題和圖片。這樣，分類廣告就有了現(xiàn)實廣告。”可知分類廣告更依賴展現(xiàn)形式。A項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader'sattention.然而，隨著此類廣告數(shù)量的增加，同一群體中的每一個廣告客戶都在與同一群體中的其他客戶競爭以吸引讀者的注意力?！笨芍捎诟偁幖哟髮е路诸悘V告發(fā)生了變化。故D項正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

7.單選題

Theabilitytofocusattentiononimportantthingsisa（）characteristicofintelligence.

問題1選項

A.declining

B.defining

C.deceiving

D.defending

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項declining“下滑的；衰退的；傾斜的”；B選項defining“最典型的；起決定性作用的”；C選項deceiving“欺騙性的”；D選項defending“防守型的”。句意：把注意力集中在重要事情上的能力是智慧的一個（）特征。根據語境，defining“最典型的”和intelligence“智慧”搭配比較合理。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

Since1970,whenSultanQabooscametopowerandlaunchedOman’sdevelopment,povertyhasbeenlargely()andmodernmedicalcarehasbeenprovidedthroughoutthecountry.

問題1選項

A.eliminated

B.illuminated

C.limited

D.increased

【答案】A

【解析】eliminated消除，淘汰；illuminated啟發(fā)。句意：自1970年蘇丹卡布斯掌權并開始阿曼的發(fā)展以來，貧困已基本消除，全國各地都提供了現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療服務。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Povertyisnot（）inmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.

問題1選項

A.rare

B.temporary

C.prevalent

D.segmental

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：盡管貧困在大多數(shù)城市并不普遍，或許是由于某些地區(qū)很擁擠，貧困才更為明顯。選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

ReadthefollowingResearchFundingOpportunities.

DepartmentofAgricultureAgricultureandFoodResearchInitiativeCompetitiveGrantsProgram(AFRI)

Deadline:variesbyprogramarea

Synopsis:TheFoodandAgriculturalScienceEnhancement(FASE)Grantscomponentofthisprogramincludesfundingfornewinvestigators.Anewinvestigatorisdefinedasanindividualwhoisbeginninghis/hercareer,doesnothaveanextensivescientificpublicationrecord,andhaslessthanfouryearspostgraduate,career-trackexperience.ThenewinvestigatormaynothavereceivedcompetitivelyawardedFederalresearchfundswiththeexceptionofpre-orpostdoctoralresearchgrantsorUSDANRIorAFRISeedGrants.

DepartmentofDefenseYoungInvestigatorProgram,OfficeofNavalResearch(YIP)

Deadline:earlyJanuary

Synopsis:TheprogramsupportsacademicscientistsandengineerswhohavereceivedPh.D.orequivalentdegreeswithinthelastsixyears.TheobjectivesaretoattractoutstandingfacultymemberstotheDepartmentoftheNavy’sresearchprogram,tosupporttheirresearch,andtoencouragetheirteachingandresearchcareers.Proposalsmayrequestupto$170,000peryearforthreeyears.ONRresearchareasareavailablehere.

NewInvestigatorAwards,CongressionallyDirectedMedicalResearchPrograms(CDMRP)

Deadline:variesbyprogram

Synopsis:Fundingprogramareasvaryandmayinclude:FoodAllergies,LungCancer,MultipleSclerosis,PeerReviewedCancer,Orthopaedic,SpinalCordInjury,AmyotrophicLateralSclerosis,Autism,BoneMarrowFailure,BreastCancer,DeploymentRelatedMedical,GulfWarIllness,Minority&UnderservedPopulations,Neurofibromatosis,OvarianCancer,PeerReviewedMedical,ProstateCancer,PsychologicalHealth/TraumaticBrainInjury,TuberousSclerosisComplex.Someoftheseprogramareas,suchasPeerReviewedCancer,ProstateCancer,andTraumaticBrainInjuryhaveincludedNewInvestigatorAwards.

DepartmentofEnergyOutstandingJuniorInvestigatorProgram,OfficeofNuclearPhysics(OJIP)

Deadline:SeptemberorOctoberforletterofintent,NovemberorDecemberforapplication

Synopsis:Applicationsshouldbefromtenure-trackfacultywhoarecurrentlyinvolvedinexperimentalortheoreticalnuclearphysicsresearchandteaching,theU.S.NuclearDataProgramoracceleratorphysicsresearchandteachingrelatedtonuclearphysicsprojects.ApplicantsmustbenomorethantenyearsbeyondthePh.D.atthedeadlinefortheapplication.

PlasmaPhysicsJuniorFacultyAwardProgram,FusionEnergySciencesProgram(FESP)

Deadline:AugustorSeptember(programcancelledforFY2010)

Synopsis:Applicationsinanyareaofbasicplasmaphysicsresearcharewelcomedandencouraged.Theproposedresearchmustfocusonfundamentalplasmaphysicsissues,asopposedtoapplicationsofplasmaphysics.

NationalScienceFoundationFacultyEarlyCareerDevelopment(FECD)Program,NSF

Deadline:July

Synopsis:Theintentoftheprogramistoprovidestablesupportatasufficientlevelanddurationtoenableawardeestodevelopcareersasoutstandingresearchersandeducatorswhoeffectivelyintegrateteaching,learninganddiscovery.TheminimumFECDawardsizeis$140,000foraten-yearperiodforalldirectoratesexceptBIO.ForproposalssubmittedtotheBIOdirectorate,theminimumawardsizeis$500,000overfiveyears.

ResearchInitiationGrantstoBroadenParticipationinBiology(RIGBP),NSFDirectorateforBiologicalSciences

Deadline:secondMondayinJanuary

Synopsis:ThesegrantsareintendedtoincreasethediversityofresearcherswhoapplyforandreceiveBIOfundingtoinitiateresearchprogramsearlyintheircareers.Currently,AfricanAmericans,Hispanics,NativeAmericans,AlaskaNatives,andNativeHawaiiansandotherPacificIslandersareunder-representedinbiology.

36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

37.WhoiseligibleforOJIP?

38.Ofalltheprograms,whichoneoffersthelongestandthuslargestaward?

39.WelearnthatRIGBPisdesignedforthepurposeof______.

40.Whatisthecommonfeatureofalltheaboveprograms?

問題1選項

A.AnAFRISeedGrantreceivercanstillapplyforAFRICompetitiveGrantsProgram.

B.ThetotalfinancialsupportofYIPbyDepartmentofDefencemayamountto$170,000.

C.CDMRPisofferedjointlybyDepartmentofDefenceandNationalInstitutesofHealth.

D.ToapplyforOJIP,youhavetosubmityourfinalproposalinSeptemberorOctober.

問題2選項

A.Ph.D.graduates.

B.Researchersinenergyscience.

C.D.graduates.B.Researchersinenergyscience.C.

D.graduates.B.Researchersinenergyscience.C.Permanentteachingstaff.D.SeniorstaffwithPh.D.degrees.

問題3選項

A.FESP.

B.RIGBP.

C.YIP.

D.FECD.

問題4選項

A.helpingunderdevelopedpeoples

B.encouragingminorityresearchers

C.enhancingtheawarenessofminorities

D.studyingthebiologyofminorityareas

問題5選項

A.ThedeadlinesareallsetafterSept.

B.Theyarefornewresearchers.

C.Thesupportisgenerous.

D.Theareasofsupportarespecific.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】36.【選項釋義】

36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?36.根據文章，下列哪個陳述是正確的？

A.AnAFRISeedGrantreceivercanstillapplyforAFRICompetitiveGrantsProgram.A.AFRI種子基金受助人仍可申請AFRI競爭性基金計劃。

B.ThetotalfinancialsupportofYIPbyDepartmentofDefencemayamountto$170,000.B.國防部對YIP的財政支助總額可達17萬美元。

C.CDMRPisofferedjointlybyDepartmentofDefenceandNationalInstitutesofHealth.C.CDMRP由美國國防部和美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院聯(lián)合提供。

D.ToapplyforOJIP,youhavetosubmityourfinalproposalinSeptemberorOctober.D.要申請OJIP，你必須在9月或10月提交最終提案。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據第二部分對YIP的描述，從倒數(shù)第二句“提案可能要求每年高達17萬美元（requestupto$170,000peryear），為期三年”可知，國防部對YIP的財政支出高達17萬美元，B項表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、C選項沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項定位第三部分對OJIP的描述，其中提到“意向書申請截止日期為9月或10月，申請截止日期為11月或12月”，可知，9月或10月只是提交意向書的截止日期，該項曲解原文。

37.【選項釋義】

37.WhoiseligibleforOJIP?37.誰有資格參加OJIP？

A.Ph.D.graduates.A.博士畢業(yè)生。

B.Researchersinenergyscience.B.能源科學研究人員。

C.Permanentteachingstaff.C.終身教學人員。

D.SeniorstaffwithPh.D.degrees.D.具有博士學位的高級職員。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據題干匯總的OJIP，定位至文章第三部分對OJIP的描述，Synopsis中的第一句有提到“申請者必須是目前從事實驗或理論核物理研究和教學、美國核數(shù)據計劃或與核物理項目相關的加速器物理研究和教學的終身教職人員（tenure-trackfaculty）”，綜合理解可知，申請者必須是終身教職人員。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項在該部分沒提到，屬于無中生有。

38.【選項釋義】

38.Ofalltheprograms,whichoneoffersthelongestandthuslargestaward?38.在所有的項目中，哪個項目提供的獎勵時間最長、金額最大？

A.FESP.A.FESP.

B.RIGBP.B.RIGBP.

C.YIP.C.YIP.

D.FECD.D.FECD.

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位至文章最后一個部分對FECD的描述，Synopsis中的最后兩句提到“除BIO外，所有董事的最低FECD獎勵金額為10年140,000美元。對于提交給BIO董事會的提議書，5年內的最低資助金額為50萬美元。”，從中可知，F(xiàn)ECD項目的獎金時間是10年，且最低有14萬美元，對于提交給BIO董事會的提議書，時間是5年，且最低為50萬美元；綜合理解可知，F(xiàn)ECD提供的獎金時間最長，金額最大。故該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】

A、B選項都沒有提到獎金的金額及資助時間，屬于無中生有；

C選項定位第二部分對YIP的描述，Synopsis中倒數(shù)第二句提到“提案可能要求每年高達17萬美元，為期三年”，從中可知，YIP項目的獎金資助并不是時間最長的，該項屬于曲解原文。

39.【選項釋義】

39.WelearnthatRIGBPisdesignedforthepurposeof______.39.我們了解到RIGBP是為______而設計的。

A.helpingunderdevelopedpeoplesA.幫助欠發(fā)達人群而設計的

B.encouragingminorityresearchersB.鼓勵少數(shù)民族研究人員

C.enhancingtheawarenessofminoritiesC.提高少數(shù)民族的意識

D.studyingthebiologyofminorityareasD.研究少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的生物學

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至文章最后一個部分對RIGBP項目的描述，根據Synopsis的描述：“這些資助旨在增加申請和接受BIO資助并在職業(yè)生涯早期啟動研究項目的研究人員的多樣性?！?，從中我們可知，RIGBP的目的是為了增加研究人員的多樣性；而且RIGBP的全稱是“擴大生物學參與的研究啟動基金（ResearchInitiationGrantstoBroadenParticipationinBiology）”，從BroadenParticipationinBiology（擴大生物學參與）綜合理解可知，RIGBP主要是為了鼓勵研究人員參與，B項與之相符。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項中的欠發(fā)達人群并不等于少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的研究人員，屬于曲解原文；

C選項沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項表述與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。

40.【選項釋義】

40.Whatisthecommonfeatureofalltheaboveprograms?40.以上所有項目的共同特點是什么？

A.ThedeadlinesareallsetafterSept.A.截止日期都定在9月以后。

B.Theyarefornewresearchers.B.它們是給新研究人員的。

C.Thesupportisgenerous.C.支持是慷慨的。

D.Theareasofsupportarespecific.D.支持的領域是特定的。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章中討論到的5個項目所涉及和涵蓋的領域都各不相同，所以它們各自支持的領域都是特定的，這是它們的共同特征。所以，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項只有OJIP項目是確定在9月以后，其他項目都不是，該項曲解原文；

B選項與原文不符，原文提到的是包括新研究人員在內的，該項曲解原文；

C選項在文中提到的關于資助獎金的金額，只有YIP和FECD有提到，其他項目并不知道，該項曲解原文。

11.單選題

Ashewasathoroughlyprofessionaljournalist,healreadyknewthemedia____.

問題1選項

A.toandfrom

B.upsideanddown

C.insideandout

D.nowandthen

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.toandfrom去和回B.upsideanddown上和下

C.insideandout從里到外；徹底地D.nowandthen有時

【考查點】語義銜接和固定搭配

【解題思路】空格的內容在主句中做狀語，主句的句意為“他對媒體____熟悉”，根據從句的句意“因為他是一位非常專業(yè)的（thoroughlyprofessional）記者”可知，“他”應該對媒體非常熟悉，C選項insideandout為固定搭配，意為“從里到外；徹底地”符合原句語義邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原文語義邏輯。

【句意】因為他是一位非常專業(yè)的記者，所以他對媒體相當熟悉。

12.單選題

Thedayispastwhenthecountrycanaffordtogivehighschooldiplomatoallwho（）sixyearsofinstruction.

問題1選項

A.setabout

B.runfor

C.sitthrough

D.makefor

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項setabout“著手，開始做……”，B項runfor“競選，匆匆去取”，C項sitthrough“一直挺到結束，耐著性子看完”，D項makefor“導致，有助于”。前文提到“國家為所有人提供高中文憑的日子已經過去了”，根據后文的sixyearsofinstruction（6年教育）可推測空格處表示“一直讀完六年結束”。句意：國家能夠負擔得起給所有接受了6年教育的人頒發(fā)高中文憑的日子已經過去了。因此，該題C項正確。

13.單選題

Color-blindpeopleoftenfinditdifficultto（）betweenblueandgreen.

問題1選項

A.separate

B.compare

C.contrast

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。separate分離；compare比較；contrast對比；distinguish辨別。句意：色盲患者經常很難區(qū)分藍色和綠色。選項D正確。

14.翻譯題

AnothermilestoneonthejourneytowardsdigitalcashwaspassedonNovember13th.Thatdatemarkedtheemergencefrombeta-testinginAmericaofV.me,a“digitalwallet”thatholdsmultiplepaymentcards,inavirtualrepository(容器).1.Insteadofprovidingtheirpersonaldetailandcardnumberstopayforstuffonline,customersjustenterausernameandapassword.TheserviceisprovidedbyVisa,agiantcard-paymentnetworkwhoseheadquartersisintheheartofSiliconValley,closetoahostoftechnologyfirmswhichwouldlovetogettheirhandsonachunkoftheglobalpaymentsbusiness.

TheshorttermnewtechnologyisactuallyboostingusageofplasticSmartphoneappsoftenrequireuserstoentertheircarddetailstopayforservices.FirmssuchasSquareandPayPalhavedevelopedtinycardreadersthatplugintosmartphonesandallowsmalltradersusingtheirfewertoacceptpaymentscheaply.EdMcLaughlin,whooverseesemergingpaymentstechnologiesatMasterCard,reckonssuchdevelopmentshaveadded1.2mnewbusinessesoverthepast12monthstothecardfirmslistofmerchants.

2.Butevenifplasticcardseventuallygothewayofvinylrecords(黑膠唱片),cardnetworksshouldstillprosperbecausetheytooareinvestingheavilyinnewtechnologyandhaveseveralbuilt-inadvantages.VisaisbettinghasmemberbanscanhelpittonarrowthegapwithrivalslikePayPal,forinstance,whichispartofe-Bayandhasgrownto11mactiveusers,thanksinparttoitsuseontheauctionsite.Over50financialinstitutionsaresupportingthelaunchofV.me,whichacceptsnon-visacardsinitswallet,tooMasterCardandothersarealsotoutingdigitalwallets,someofwhichcanholddigitalcouponsandticketsaswellascarddetails.

Beforelongallofthesewalletsarelikelytoenduponmobilephones,whichcanbeusedtobuythingsinstoresandotherplaces.ThisiswherefirmssuchasSquare,whichhasdevelopeditsownelegantandeasy-to-usemobilewalletandGooglehavebeenfocusingplentyofenergy.JenniferSchulz,Visa’sglobalheadofe-commerce,predictstherewillbeashake-outthatleavesonlyafewwalletprovidersstanding.Thankstotheirtrustedbrands,bigbudgetsandpaymentssavvy(機智，悟性),oneormorecardcompanieswillbeamongthem.

Cardnetworksarealsotakingstakesininnovativefirmstokeepaneyeonpotentiallydisruptivetechnologies.Visaownspartofsquare,whichrecentlystruckadealwithStarbuckstomakeitsmobile-paymentserviceavailablein7,000ofthecoffeechainoutletsinAmerica,VisahasalsoinvestedinMonitise,amobile-bankingspecialist.AmericanExpress,foritspart,hassetupa$100mdigital-commercefund,oneofwhoseinvestmentsisiniZettle,aSquare-likefirmbasedinSweden.

Sofarfewhavetriedtocreatenewpaymentssystemsfromscratch.Thosethathavetoyedwiththeidea,suchasISIS,aconsortiumoftelecomscompaniesinAmerica,haveconcludeditisfartoocostlyandpainfultodealwithregulators,setupanti-fraudsystemsandsoforth.Fearsaboutthesecurityofnew-fangledpaymentsystemsalsoplayintothehandsofestablishedcardfirms.

Still,theycannotrelax.BryanKeane,ananalystatDeutscheRank,pointsoutrivaldigitalwalletscouldpromotealternativestocreditanddebitcards,includingstorevaluecardsanddirectbank-account-to-bank-accountpayments3.BigretailersinAmericahaveclubbedtogethertocreatetheirowndigitalwalletandarelikelytopromptuserstochoosethepaymentoptionsthatarecheapestforthechainsbyofferingthemincentiveslikecoupons.

JackDorsey,thebossofSquareandaco-founderofTwitter,agreesthatdigitalwalletswillmakethetrade-offsbetweenvariouspaymentoptionsclearertoconsumerandreckonsthiswillforcecardnetworkstouptheirgame.“Theyhadamajorinnovation60yearsago”,hesays,“andtherehavebeenvery,veryfewinnovationssince”4.Someinthepaymentsworldmightquibble(狡辯)withthatbutonethingtheycanallagreeonisthatspreadofmobilepaymentswillbringmaymorecustomers.MasterCard'sMr.McLaughlinclaimsthat85%ofcommercestillinvolvescashandcheck.Asmobilepurchasestakeoff,moreofthisactivitywillmoveonline.

5.Thebiggestprizeofallliesinemergingmarkets,wherealackoffinancialinfrastructureishasteningtheriseofphone-basedpaymentssystemsuchasM-PesawhichservesKenyaandseveralothermarket.VisahassnappedupFandom,whichspecializesinpaymentservetotheunbankedandunder-bankedinemergingmarkets;MasterCardhassetupajointventurecalledWandawithTelefonica,aSpanishtelecomfirm,whichaimtomobilepaymentsacrossLatinAmerica.Thepaymentsworldischangingfastbutthecardfirmsarenotabouttoletrivalsswipetheirbusiness.

【答案】1.顧客只需要輸入用戶名和密碼，而不是提供他們個人信息和卡號來進行在線支付。

2.但是盡管信用卡最終會重蹈黑膠唱片的覆轍，信用卡網絡會依然繁榮，因為他們也正大力投資新技術，并且存在一些內在優(yōu)勢。

3.美國大型零售商聯(lián)合起來創(chuàng)建了他們自己的數(shù)字錢包，并且可能通過提供優(yōu)惠券等鼓勵措施促使用戶選擇對他們聯(lián)營企業(yè)來說最實惠的支付方式。

4.一些支付領域內的信用卡公司可能會對此有所狡辯，但是他們共同贊成的一件事情是移動支付的普及將帶來更多的客戶。

5.移動支付帶來的最大好處在于新興市場，在這個市場中，金融設施的缺乏促進了手機支付系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，如服務于肯尼亞和其他幾個市場的M-Pesa移動錢包服務。

15.單選題

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Kidnappingisthecruelestcrimeofthe20thcentury.Thereisnotthepoliticalpassionbehindmosthijacking;themotiveisgreedformoney.Thevictims,providedtheirfamiliesarerichenough,arechosenatrandom.Withtheconstantexposurebythemediaofpersonalfameandfortune,mostpeoplearevulnerablethanever.

ThemostnotoriouskidnappingbeganontheeveningofMarch1,1932,whensomeoneplacedahome-madeladderagainsttheNewJerseyhomeofColonelCharlesLindberghandstolehisblond,blue-eyedbabyson.Aransomnotewasleftfromthekidnapper.Lindbergh,thefirstpilottoflysoloacrosstheAtlantic,wasthemostpopularmaninAmerica.

Whentheboywasfoundafewmilesawaywithhisheadcrushedin,thewholenationwasshockedandCongresspassedthe“LindberghKidnapLaw”,withthedeathpenaltyfortransportingakidnapvictimacrossastateline.Thekidnapper,BrunoRichardHauptmann,wascaughttwo-and-a-halfyearslater,whenheexchangedsomeoftheransommoney.Hewasexecutedin1936.

Kidnappingisanexampleofinflation:Hauptmanndemanded$50,000;in1973theGettyfamilyhadtopay1,300,000poundsandtheransomdeliveryintwobillionItalianlireweighedaton.Inthiskidnapping,thingswentdreadfullywrong.WhenthekidnapperscutoffGetty’srightearandsentittoanewspaper,theyforgotthepostalstrikewhichdelayedthisproofbythreeweeks.InthecaseofMurielMcKay,thekidnapperspickedthewrongwoman.TheHoseinbrothershaddevelopedtheirplanwhentheysawRupertMurdochonaTVshowin1969andheardhimdescribedasamillionaire,awordwhichstimulatedtheiraction.Yet,intracingMurdoch’sRolls-Royce,theyfailedtorealizethathehadleftforAustraliawithhiswifeandhadloanedthecartoDouglasMcKay,achairmanofoneofhisenterprises.Attackingthewronghome,theHoseinskidnappedMrs.McKaybymistake,butstilldemandedtheirmillionpounds.

Theendresultofkidnappingisneverclean:Lindberghneverpsychologicallyrecovered.YoungPaulGettyjokes:“Itwasahigh-pricedear!”Butthescarsmustbeinternal,too.ThesaddestcommentcamefromDouglasMcKayafterthetrialoftheHoseins:“Theyhavegotalifesentence.I,too,havealifesentencewonderingjustwhathashappenedtomydearwife.”

21.Whyaremostpeoplevulnerablethaneveraccordingtothewriter?

22.WhatdowelearnabouttheLindberghcase?

23.Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying“Kidnappingisanexampleofinflation”?

24.WhatcouldbeinferredwhentheHoseinbrotherskidnappedMurielMcKay?

25.Whatdoesthewritersuggestaboutthekidnappingvictimsandtheirrelatives?

問題1選項

A.Therearemoregreedypeopleintheworldthaneverbefore.

B.Therearemorerichpeopleintheworldthaneverbefore.

C.Itisdifficultnowadaystoberichinsecret.

D.Politicalhijackingshavebecomemoreandmorecommon.

問題2選項

A.LindberghwasthefirstpilottoflysoloacrossthePacific.

B.Lindberghplacedahome-madeladderagainsthishouse.

C.Thekidnapperwasarrestedandexecuted4yearslater.

D.ThekidnapperkilledLindbergh’ssoncold-bloodedly.

問題3選項

A.Therearemoreandmorekidnappingcases.

B.Kidnappersmakemoreandmoremistakes.

C.Kidnappersdemandformoreandmoreransom.

D.Kidnappersarenotpaidasmuchastheyrequire.

問題4選項

A.Theywerepaidamillionpounds,butstillkilledthevictim.

B.TheythoughtthattheywerekidnappingMrs.Murdoch.

C.TheydidnotknowthatMrs.McKayhadgonetoAustralia.

D.TheydidnotknowthatMrs.MurdochwasanAustralian.

問題5選項

A.Theyusuallyneverrecovercompletely.

B.Theyareusuallyleftwithnomoneyatall.

C.Theyshouldconsiderthemselvesluckytobealive.

D.Theyliveinfearfortherestoftheirlives.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:21.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章第一段中的最后一句“Withtheconstantexposurebythemediaofpersonalfameandfortune,mostpeoplearevulnerablethanever.隨著個人名譽和財富的媒體的不斷曝光，大多數(shù)人比以往任何時候都更加脆弱?！笨赏浦狢項“現(xiàn)在秘密發(fā)財是很困難的。”正確。A項“世界上貪婪的人比以往任何時候都多。”；B項“世界上的富人比以往任何時候都多?！?；C項“現(xiàn)在秘密發(fā)財是很困難的?！保籇項“政治劫持變得越來越普遍?！保虼薈選項正確。

22.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。第三段提到Whentheboywasfoundafewmilesawaywithhisheadcrushedin，說明這個飛行員的兒子被綁匪殺害了，與D選項相符。A項“林德伯格是第一個獨自飛越太平洋的飛行員”，文中提及林德伯格是第一個獨自飛越大西洋的飛行員；B項“林德伯格在他的房子旁放了一個自制的梯子”，梯子是綁匪放的；C項“綁匪被逮捕并在4年后被處決”，綁匪是在兩年半后被抓，1936年被處決的。

23.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。由題干定位到文章第四段中的第一句“Kid