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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-國際關(guān)系學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sheresortedto(

)whenshehadnomoneytobuyfoodsforherchildren.

問題1選項

A.havestolen

B.steal

C.stole

D.stealing

【答案】D

【解析】句意:當她沒錢為孩子買吃的東西吋,她就開始偷。

固定搭配。resortto依靠,求助于。其中to是介詞,后接動詞時需用-ing形式。

2.單選題

BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,(

)herefortwodays.

問題1選項

A.wehadstayed

B.wewillhavestayed

C.wewouldhavestayed

D.Wehavestayed

【答案】B

【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:在他到北京來的時候,我們將已經(jīng)來了兩天了。bythetime“在……時候”,這里引導的是時間狀語,應當遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。而從句在這里是一般現(xiàn)在時,所以主句要用一般將來時,所以答案選B。

3.單選題

Itisimperativethatthegovernment()moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.

問題1選項

A.attracts

B.shallattract

C.attract

D.hastoattract

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在itis+表示要求,建議,必要,命令意思的形容詞或分詞+主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中。句子使用虛擬語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略,imperative表示“必要的,不可避免的”。句意:吸引更多的投資到造船業(yè)是勢在必行的。因此,本題的正確答案是C選項。

4.問答題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addoword,ordeleteaword.MarkoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovidedontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouchangeaword,underlineitandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark()intherightplaceand-writethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,underlineitandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案】1.brand改成brands

2.distinguish改成differ

3.manufacturer改成manufacturer's

4.at改成in

5.much改成little

6.to改成with

7.their改成its

8.unpleasant改成pleasant

9.need改成needs

10.advertised改成advertising

【解析】1.詞匯錯誤—單復數(shù)。根據(jù)前面的“severaldifferent很多不同的”可知,此處的brand應該是復數(shù)名詞,故應該是brands“品牌”。

2.搭配錯誤。distinguishAfromB表示“區(qū)分A和B”,但是,此處表示“兩者差別不大,兩者沒有什么不同”,因此,根據(jù)搭配應該為:differfrom“與……不同”。

3.語法錯誤—比較結(jié)構(gòu)平行關(guān)系。此處是比較兩個“manufacturer’stoothpaste廠商的牙好”,因此,后面的manufacture應該加上“s”的所有格,與前面保持一致,即需要體現(xiàn)比較對象“牙膏”。

4.固定搭配。varyin在…方面變化;在…方面有差異。

5.詞匯錯誤—程度形容詞。該處句意為:這些因素使得店家沒有太多理由去選擇某一種商品。故much應該改成little才符合句意。

6.固定搭配。beconfrontedwith面對。

7.代詞錯誤。主語是“eachmanufacturingcompany”,而后文的代詞指的就是“每個生產(chǎn)公司”,故代詞應該用單數(shù),即its。

8.詞匯錯誤—形容詞。前文談及兩種廣告類型,目的是吸引買者或潛在買者,因此,此處應該是用“somethingpleasant愉快的東西”來吸引買者。

9.語法錯誤—主謂一致。因為該句主語是one,所以,謂語動詞應該使用第三人稱單數(shù),即needs。

10.詞匯誤用。advertised是過去分詞,而此處是形容詞修飾strategy;因此,應該是advertising“廣告(業(yè))的”,表示“廣告策略”。

5.單選題

Thismicroscope(

)by1,000timesthesampleontheslides.

問題1選項

A.probed

B.abided

C.magnified

D.specified

【答案】C

【解析】probe探查,調(diào)查;abide持續(xù),忍受;magnified放大;specify詳細說明。句意:顯微鏡把放在幻燈片上的樣品放大了1000倍。選項C符合句意。

6.單選題

2.Atfirst,thespeakerwasreferringtotheproblemofpollutioninthecountry,buthalfwayinherspeech,shesuddenly|(

)toanothersubject.

問題1選項

A.committed

B.switched

C.favored

D.transmitted

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。committo…“致力于…”;switchto…“轉(zhuǎn)換到...”;transmitto...“傳送到……”;favor不與tosth.搭配使用。句意:最開始演講者講述的是有關(guān)該國家環(huán)境污染的問題,但她演講到一半就突然轉(zhuǎn)到別的話題上去了。根據(jù)but和anothersubject“別的話題”可知,B項符合題意。故答案選B。

7.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

TheAmericandefinitionofsuccessislargelyoneofacquiringwealthandahighmaterialstandardofliving.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,thatAmericansvalueeducationforitsmonetaryvalue.ThebeliefiswidespreadintheUnitedStatesthatthemoreschoolingpeoplehave,themoremoneytheywillearnwhentheyleaveschool.

(1)Thebeliefisstrongestregardingthedesirabilityofanundergraduateuniversitydegree,oraprofessionaldegree,suchasmedicineorlaw,followingtheundergraduatedegree.Themonetaryvalueofgraduatedegreesin"nonprofessional"fieldssuchasart,history,orphilosophyisnotasgreat.

InrecentyearstherehasbeenachangeinthejobmarketintheUnitedStates.(2)

Inthepast,itwaspossibletogetahigh-payingfactoryjobwithoutacollegeeducation;workerswithskillslearnedinvocationalschoolsoronthejobcoulddoworkthatdidnotrequireacollegeeducation.Thesewereamongthejobsthatnewimmigrantswereoftenabletoobtain.Increasingly,however,theadventofnewtechnologieshasmeantthatmoreandmoreeducationisrequiredtodothework.(3)

ManyofthenewjobsintheUnitedStateseitherrequireacollegeeducation,evenagraduatedegreeortheyarelow-payingjobsintheservicesectoroftheeconomy_—suchasinfast-foodrestaurants,smallstores,andhotels.Additionally,manyjobsarebeingoutsourcedtocountrieswheresalariesaremuchlower.(4)

Thisistrueofbothhigher-payingtechnicaljobsandlower-payingjobsrequiringlimitedskills.Becauseoftheimportanceofhighereducation,manyadultscombineworkingwithtakingclassesatacollege.Manypublicandprivatecollegesanduniversitiesaremakingiteasierforstudentstotakeclassesthroughdistancelearning,usingtheInternettoprovidematerialsandlecturesaswellastoengagestudentsindiscussion.(5)

Somestudentswhoarelivingoncampusorcommutingtoclassestakeatleastpartoftheircourseworkbydistance,butitisalsopossibleforastudenttoobtainbothundergraduateandgraduatedegreeswithouteverbeingonacollegecampus.

【答案】1.有一種觀點強烈地認為大學本科學位或繼大學本科學位之后的專業(yè)學位(諸如醫(yī)學和法律)是值得向往的。

2.在過去,沒有大學學歷的情況下得到一份高薪的工廠工作是可能的;從職業(yè)學?;蚬ぷ魃蠈W得技巧的工人們可以做不需要大學學歷的工作。

3.在美國很多新工作要么要求大專學歷甚至研究生學歷,要么它們是經(jīng)濟服務業(yè)里(諸如快餐店,小商店和旅館)的底薪工作。

4.較高薪酬的技術(shù)工作和需要有限技能的較低薪資的工作都的確如此。

5.住?;蛲ㄇ趤砩险n的一些學生通過遠程學習來完成至少部分課程,不過一個學生在從不在大學校園的情況下也可能獲得本科學位和研究生學位。

8.單選題

Theearthquakeof26thDecember,2004resultedinoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersinlivingmemory.Itwasa(1)underwaterquakeandoccurredintheIndianOcean.It(2)coastlines,communitiesandbroughtdeathtoomanypeople.

Whydoearthquakeshappen?

Thesurfaceoftheearthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismoving(3)(althoughveryslowly)andhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisone

(4)

ofearthquakes,whenonesectionoftheearth(tectonicplate)

(5)

another.Scientistscanpredictwherebutnot

(6)thismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.OnonefaultlineinKobe,Japanin1923over200,000peoplewerekilled.

(7)

,earthquakesdonotalwayshappenonfaultlines,

(8)iswhytheyaresodangerousand

(9)

.

Wheredovolcanoeshappen?

Volcanoeshappenwheretheearth’s

(10)

isthin:lava,dustandgases(11)frombeneaththeearth.Theycanriseintoahugeconeshapelikeamountainanderupt,

(12)theycanbesoviolent

(13)

theyjustexplodedirectlyfromtheearthwithnowarning.Thereare1,511(14)volcanoesintheworld.Thismeansthattheymay

(15)BEDANGEROUS.In1985theColombianvolcanoNevadoDelRuizerupted.Thelavameltedaglacierandsenttonesofmud

(16)thetownbelow.Twentythousandpeopledied.

Naturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptionsarcoftenunpredictable.Weregularlydonotknowwhenthey

(17)happen,or

(18)wheretheywillhappen.Inthefuture,scientistsmaybeabletowatchandpredict

(19)beforetheyhappen.Thiscould(20)manylives.

問題1選項

A.massive

B.significant

C.great

D.grand

問題2選項

A.changed

B.converted

C.destroyed

D.transformed

問題3選項

A.frequently

B.periodically

C.regularly

D.continuously

問題4選項

A.source

B.cause

C.movement

D.reason

問題5選項

A.collideswith

B.confrontswith

C.meetswith

D.faceswith

問題6選項

A.how

B.why

C.when

D.what

問題7選項

A.Generally

B.However

C.Similarly

D.Anyway

問題8選項

A.which

B.it

C.this

D.that

問題9選項

A.irresistible

B.inevitable

C.unaccountable

D.unpredictable

問題10選項

A.surface

B.appearance

C.crust

D.cover

問題11選項

A.burstout

B.flowedout

C.leakedout

D.trickledout

問題12選項

A.and

B.or

C.nor

D.but

問題13選項

A.like

B.for

C.as

D.that

問題14選項

A.living

B.alive

C.active

D.live

問題15選項

A.relatively

B.still

C.hardly

D.gradually

問題16選項

A.beyond

B.on

C.across

D.down

問題17選項

A.might

B.should

C.must

D.areto

問題18選項

A.though

B.whether

C.even

D.else

問題19選項

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.occasions

D.events

問題20選項

A.rescue

B.save

C.preserve

D.shelter

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】(1)形容詞詞義辨析。A選項massive“大而重的,巨大的”;B選項significant“重要的,暗示的,有含義的”;C選項great“大的,巨大的,非常的,很多的”;D選項grand“壯觀的,神氣活現(xiàn)的,顯赫的”,根據(jù)句意可知這里是指“嚴重的災難”,A選項正確。

(2)動詞詞義辨析。A選項change“改變”;B選項convert“改變(某事物)的形式或用途”;C選項destroy“摧毀,毀壞”;D選項transform“完全改變某物外觀或特性”,本句句意為‘地震毀壞了海岸線、社區(qū),給太多人帶來了死亡’。根據(jù)句意可知這里強調(diào)“摧毀,毀壞”,C選項正確。

(3)副詞詞義辨析。A選項frequently“頻繁地,屢次,時?!保籅選項periodically“周期性地,偶爾,定期地”,C選項regularly“有規(guī)律地,經(jīng)常地,習慣性地,定期地,整齊地,均勻地”;D選項continuously“連續(xù)不斷地,接連地”,句意‘地球表面一直以來都在“持續(xù)”運動,’D選項符合句意。

(4)名詞詞義辨析。A選項source“來源,根源”;B選項cause“原因,導致某事物發(fā)生的事物、人等”;C選項movement“運動”;D選項reason“理由,動機”,根據(jù)句意“地球表面的持續(xù)運動是導致地震的原因”,表示發(fā)生的客觀起因應該用cause,B選項正確。

(5)動詞短語詞義辨析。A選項collidewith“(指運動中的物體或人)猛撞某物或互撞”;B選項confrontwith“使某人面對或正視令人不快、令人頭疼等的人/事物”;C選項meetwith“碰見(某人),相逢;D選項"facewith“面對或面向某人/某事物”,由常識和句意‘地震是地殼的不同板塊“碰撞”所造成的,’A選項正確。

(6)疑問詞詞義辨析。A選項how“如何,多少,怎樣”;B選項why“為什么”;C選項when“何時,什么時候”;D選項what“什么”,由句意和語境‘科學家已經(jīng)能分析出地震的原因和預測其發(fā)生的地點,只有時間無法確認?!疌選項正確。

(7)副詞詞義辨析。A選項generally“普遍地,一般來說”;B選項however“然而,不過,可是”;C選項similarly“同樣地,類似于”;D選項anyway“總之,無論如何”,此處與前一句形成轉(zhuǎn)折,說明地震不一定都發(fā)生在斷裂帶,因此地震很危險且難以預測。所以填表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思的副詞,B選項However更符合語境。

(8)非限制性定語從句的用法。句意為“然而,地震并不總發(fā)生在斷層線上,這就是為什么它們非常危險而且不可預測?!狈治鼍渥涌芍@是個為非限制性定語從句,先行詞指代前面的整句話,用which來引導非限制性定語從句,A選項正確。

(9)形容詞詞義辨析。A選項irresistible“不可抵抗的”;B選項inevitable“不可避免的”;C選項unaccountable“無法解釋的,難以說明的”;D選項unpredictable“無法預料的,不可預知的”,句意‘地震的不可預測大大増加它的危險性’,下文中也提到了這個詞。D選項正確。

(10)名詞詞義辨析。A選項surface“表面,表層”;B選項appearance“外貌,外觀”;C選項crust“地殼,外殼”;D選項cover“封面,遮掩物”,句意為“火山發(fā)生在地殼很薄弱的地方”。這里earth’scrust指的是“地殼”,C選項符合題意。

(11)動詞短語辨析。A選項burstout“爆炸,脹破,爆破”;B選項flowout“外流”;C選項leakout“(指情報)泄露,透露”;D選項trickleout“(使某物)成小股流動”,句意為“巖漿、灰塵和氣體從地底下噴發(fā)出來”,A選項表示爆發(fā)出來,正確。

(12)連詞詞義辨析。A選項and表示并列和順承關(guān)系;B選項or表示選擇或“否則”的意思;C選項nor不是;D選項but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞,本句句意為“它們可以上升到像一座山一樣的一個巨大的錐形形狀并噴出,或者它們可以非常猛烈以至于毫無預警地直接在地球上爆炸”。分析句子可知,這里是描述火山噴發(fā)的兩種不同的狀態(tài)和表現(xiàn),B選項正確。

(13)so...that...句型的用法。根據(jù)句意“它們可以上升到像一座山一樣的一個巨大的錐形形狀并噴出,或者它們可以非常猛烈以至于毫無預警地直接在地球上爆炸?!笨芍揪淇疾镾0+形容詞+that從句表示“如此……以至于……”,D選項正確。

(14)形容詞詞義和用法辨析。A選項living當形容詞講意為“活的,現(xiàn)存的,活躍的,逼真的”;B選項alive作形容詞意為“活著的,活潑的,有生氣的”;C選項active意為“積極的,活躍的,主動的,有效的”;D選項live作形容詞意為“活的,生動的,實況轉(zhuǎn)播的,精力充沛的”,句意為“現(xiàn)在世界上有1511座活火山”。這里強調(diào)活火山activevolcano,C選項正確。

(15)副詞詞義辨析。A選項relatively“相對地,比較而言,相當?shù)亍?;B選項still“還,更,仍”;C選項hardly“幾乎不”;D選項gradually“逐步地,漸漸地”,句意為“這就意味著這些火山仍然有噴發(fā)的危險?!盉選項表示“仍然,還是”正確。

(16)介詞詞義辨析。A選項beyond意為“超過,越過,那一邊,在……較遠的一邊”;B選項on意為“在……上面,指表面接觸”;C選項across表示“從表面穿過”;D選項down表示“沿著”,本句句意為“火山噴發(fā)的巖漿使冰川融化,將數(shù)噸泥土沖到山下的城鎮(zhèn)”。根據(jù)句意可知這里強調(diào)“沿著”,D選項正確。

(17)情態(tài)動詞詞義辨析。A選項might“可能,也許”,表示推測時語氣較委婉;B選項should表示“應該”;C選項must語氣較為強烈,表示“必須”;D選項areto表示“打算做”,句意為“自然災害有可能發(fā)生,只是人們并不知道什么時候會發(fā)生”。A選項表示語氣委婉正確。

(18)even的用法辨析。根據(jù)語境可知句意為“我們通常不知道這些自然災害什么時候可能會發(fā)生,甚至不知道它們會在哪里發(fā)生。后半句的or部分加深程度;A選項though為引導讓步狀語從局的連詞;B選項whether表示“是否”;C選項even強調(diào)程度上的更進一步;D選項else表示“其他的”。根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

(19)名詞詞義辨析。A選項accidents“事故”;B選項incidents“事情,發(fā)生的事”;C選項occasions“場合,時機”;D選項events“活動,事情”,句意為“科學家們或許能夠在事件發(fā)生之前觀察和預測到”,events此處可泛指所有自然災害活動,D選項正確。

(20)動詞詞義辨析。A選項rescue“援救”;B選項save“挽救”;C選項preserve“保護,維護(某事物)”;D選項shelter“遮蔽,庇護”,句意為“在將來,科學們也許能夠在自然災害發(fā)生之前觀察和預測它們的活動。這將會拯救很多生命”,B選項“挽救”正確。

9.單選題

Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramomentwhensomedistantmountainisnot(

).

問題1選項

A.onview

B.ataglance

C.onthescene

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項onview“在展出,陳列著”;B選項ataglance“立刻,一眼就”;C選項onthescene“在場,出現(xiàn),到場”;D選項insight“看得見,在視野內(nèi)”。分析“somedistantmountainisnot______”可知空格處的內(nèi)容作表語,說明主語somedistantmountain(遠處的山脈),結(jié)合句意,可知D選項符合語境。句意:在三千英尺的地方,寬闊的平原開始出現(xiàn)了,而且時刻可以看得見遠處的山脈。

10.單選題

Andthetopic“fat”isforbidden.Eventheslightestpaunchbetraysthatoneislosingthetrimand(

)ofyouth.

問題1選項

A.vague

B.vigor

C.vogue

D.vulgar

【答案】B

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。vague“模糊的;含糊的”,形容詞;vigor“活力;精力”,名詞;vogue“時尚;流行”,名詞;vulgar“粗俗的;通俗的”,形容詞。句意:“肥胖”的話題被禁止了。即使是稍微隆起的小肚子都暴露出他正失去青春活力。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Hehasabadimpressionofhis______intheoffice.

問題1選項

A.barbers

B.audience

C.colleagues

D.bullets

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項barbers“理發(fā)師;理發(fā)店”;B選項audience“觀眾;聽眾;讀者”;C選項colleagues“同事”;D選項bullets“子彈”。句意:他對辦公室里的______印象很差。根據(jù)語境,辦公室里的是同事,C選項colleagues“同事”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmangersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysexceptto(

).

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbereferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

問題1選項

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.

B.identifyaproblem.

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts.

D.stipulatecleargoals.

問題2選項

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

問題3選項

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblemsManagerXdoesnot.

問題4選項

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionwinkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

問題5選項

A.Anassertionisnudeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到高級經(jīng)理們有五種方式來使用直覺:1.他們直覺得感到有問題存在;2.他們依靠直覺迅速做出訓練有素的行為模式;3.利用直覺來對圖片進行加工,對碎片信息進行整合;4.使用直覺來進行理性分析;5.使用直覺來避開深入的分析并立即想出一個可行的方案。選項A符合第五點,選項B符合第一點,選項C符合第三點。因此,選項D符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese提到Isenberg調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)理們依賴于直覺既不是理性的對立面,也不是反復無常的借口。所以選項D“這些作者誤解了在做商業(yè)決定時經(jīng)理們?nèi)绾问褂弥庇X”符合題意。

3.本題的題干是假設(shè)經(jīng)理X使用直覺做決定,而經(jīng)理Y使用正式的分析,他們最大的不同是下列哪個選項。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到直覺型經(jīng)理認為思考與形容不可分割(Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting)。文章最后一句提到行為只是確定問題,而不是實施方案,因此選項C符合題意。

4.文章提到直覺型的經(jīng)理們認為想和做不可分割,高級經(jīng)理們總是在不同的實際案例中學習更多解決問題的方法,然后利用這些實踐得來的方法對問題進行更深入的了解(seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue),選項D符合題意。

5.文章第一段提到很多高級職業(yè)經(jīng)理人不按照傳統(tǒng)模式而依靠直覺(Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitionto),選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

Wouldsuchadealfly?OnesourceclosetoHouseRepublicanstellsme:“Ithinkthey’dtakeit;they’reholdingnocardsatthemoment…Thecappingofdeductionswouldbeverymagnanimousandagoodwaytolaythegroundworkfornegotiatingrealtaxreform.”

問題1選項

A.magnificent

B.benevolent

C.prodigious

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項magnificent“高尚的,壯麗的,華麗的,宏偉的”;B選項benevolent“仁慈的,慈善的,親切的”;C選項prodigious“驚人的,異常的,奇妙的,巨大的”;D選項favoring“有幫助的”。句意:這樣的交易會成功嗎?一位親近眾議院共和黨人的消息人士告訴我:“我認為他們會接受”,他說:“他們現(xiàn)在手頭沒有任何籌碼……對稅收減免設(shè)定上限將是非常寬宏大量的,這是為談判真正的稅收改革奠定基礎(chǔ)的好辦法。”Magnanimous“寬宏大量的,有雅量的,寬大的”,B選項與該詞意思最相近,因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

It’sour______ifthecarisdamaged,wemustpay.

問題1選項

A.capacity

B.capability

C.cavity

D.liability

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項capacity“能力,容量”,B項capability“才能”,C項cavity“腔,洞,凹處”,D項liability“責任,債務”。根據(jù)句子后半部分的意思“如果汽車損壞了,我們必須賠償”可知,空格處填入“責任”符合句意。句意:汽車損壞是我們的責任,我們必須賠償。因此,該題選擇D項正確。

15.單選題

Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureeverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspacesintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighborhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironment

2.Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationhasledto(

).

3.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided

4.Accordingtotheauthor,greenspacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat

5.Themainideaofthispassageisthat(

).

問題1選項

A.isstillunknown

B.hasbeenfullyrecognized

C.isbeingcloselystudied

D.isusuallyneglected

問題2選項

A.thedisproportionofrecreationfacilitiesintheneighbourhood

B.theimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesintheneighbourhood

C.relativelylittleattentionforrecreativepossibilities

D.thelocationofrecreationfacilitiesfarfromhome

問題3選項

A.intheneighbourhoodofthehouse

B.inthesuburbs

C.inspecialareas

D.ingardensandparks

問題4選項

A.anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped

B.moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem

C.moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect

D.recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes

問題5選項

A.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

B.betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife

C.theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago

D.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted提到關(guān)于城市綠地的功能已經(jīng)被廣泛接受,所以選項B符合題意。

2.文章第二段提到這種理論區(qū)分造成了對遠離家庭的休閑形式的失衡的關(guān)注,和對于生活區(qū)域附近的休閑場所發(fā)展的忽略(disproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome),由此得出這種區(qū)分導致人們把休閑設(shè)施的重點放在離家遠的區(qū)域,所以選項D符合題意。

3.文章第二段soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse提到休閑設(shè)施應該先從離家近的地方開始,所以選項A符合題意。

4.文章第二段提到thedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect,選項C符合題意。

5.文章主要講述了如何更好地利用小區(qū)的綠地空間來增加城市居民的生活質(zhì)量,選項B符合題意。

16.單選題

Thesaleofalcoholicbeveragesis()tothoseabove21insomeregions.

問題1選項

A.confined

B.Inhibited

C.obliged

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項confine“限制”,B項inhibit“禁止”,C項oblige“要求,約束”,obligeto表示“不得不”;D項restrict“限制”,restrictto表示“限制在……”。句意:在某些地區(qū),酒精飲料只能出售給21歲以上的人。因此D項正確。

17.填空題

Familiescomeinmanyshapesandsizes.Whodoyouincludewhenyoutalkabout“yourfamily”?Yourfamilymightbethefamilyyouwerebornintoorthefamilyyouhavecreatedwithyourpartner.Youmightincludejustyourpartner,orfamiliesoneorbothofyoubringfrompreviousrelationships.Youmightlivewithpeopleyouregardasfamilyeventhoughtheyarenotbloodrelatives.Thepossibilitiesaremany.

Familiesmaybebasedondifferentkindsofadultrelationshipsbutthethingtheyhaveincommonisthattheyprovideasenseofbelonging.Theygiveidentityandprovidesupportandsecurity.Yourfamilyismadeupofthepeopleyoucareaboutandthepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Youmightalsowanttoincludeanyclosefriendsthatyouhaveafamily-likerelationshipwith,peopleyoucanrelyonandtrust.Theserelationshipsmightbethepeopleyoulooktowhenyourextendedfamilyliveelsewhereorarenotavailabletogiveyouactivesupport.

Havingaconceptofyourfamilythatgoesbeyondmum,dadandthekidsisalsoimportantwhenadultrelationshipsbreakup.Whenparentsseparate,childrenoftenfindsecurityinwideranddifferentfamilyconnections.Oftenthesetakeindifferentgenerationsandwidercirclesoffriends.

Theword“family”canmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Butnomatterhowourfamiliesaremadeup.Mostsharesomecommonvalues.It'sworththinkingaboutwhattheseare.Whenwestartthinkingvaluesoffamilies,it'slikelythatmostfamilieswillcomeupwithafairlycommonsetofprinciples.Forinstance,mostwouldsaythesupportoneanother,trustoneanother,careforeachotherwhenthingsgettough,sharetheirresourcesandmakesureeveryoneinthefamilyissafe.

It'simportanttotalkaboutwhatbindsustogetherbecausethisishowchildrenlearnabouthowtotreatothers.Whattheylearnathomeaboutrespectingandcaringforothers,andtakingresponsibility,feedsintotheirrelationshipsatschool,onthesportsfield,atworkandeventually,intotheirownfamiliesasadults.

Sometimesparentshaven'thadtheopportunitytothinkaboutthesesortsofthings.Ortheyhavebeenraisedinfamiliesthatwerenotsafe,wheretheywereabused,hurtornotrespected.However,it'spossibletobreakthiscycle.Wecanchoosetobuildfamiliesthataredifferentfromtheoneswegrewupin.

Forinstance,therearelotsofthingswecandotomakeourfamiliesworkwell.Wecanlearnhowtocommunicatesothatourmessagesandfeelingsareunderstoodandweunderstandhowotherpeoplearefeelingandwhattheyaretryingtotellus.

Wecanalsolearnhowtoresolveconflictinsafewaysthatstrengthenourrelationshipsandreinforceourvalues.Conflictisaninevitable,naturalandhealthypartoffamilylife.Nomatterhowclosewearetosomeonewewillfinddifferences,andsomeofthesewillbeirritatingtous.Butonceweunderstandtheotherperson'spointofviewourrelationshipwiththemwillimprove.Andwecanlearnhowtomakedecisionsandplanaheadasafamily.Reg

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