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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧波衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
China’s(
)culturalheritageshouldbebetterprotectedthroughincreasedeffortstopreserveendangeredart.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.indivisible
B.intelligible
C.intangible
D.inalienable
【答案】C
【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indivisible“分不開的,不可分割的”;B選項(xiàng)intelligible“易懂的,容易理解的”;C選項(xiàng)intangible“難以形容(或理解)的,無形的(指沒有實(shí)體存在的資本性資產(chǎn))”;D選項(xiàng)inalienable“不可剝奪(或分割)的”。由culturalheritage(文化遺產(chǎn))及語(yǔ)境可知選C。句意:中國(guó)的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)應(yīng)該通過加大努力保護(hù)瀕危藝術(shù)而得到更好的保護(hù)。
2.單選題
WhowontheWorldCup1994footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?(1)aneventtakesplace,newspapersareonthestreet(2)thedetails.
(3)anythinghappensintheworld,reportersareonthespottogatherthenews.
Newspapershaveonebasic(4),togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto(5)it.
Radio,telegraph,television,and(6)inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.(7),thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe(8)andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare(9)andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspapersto(10)outintomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreadersinformedofthelatestnews,today’snewspapersentertainandinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandserious(11).
Newspapersinfluencereaders,economicchoices(12)advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery(13).Newspapersaresoldatapricethat(14)evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain(15)ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The(16)insellingadvertisingdependsnewspaper’svaluetoadvertisers.This(17)intermsofcirculation.Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?
Circulationdepends(18)ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment(19)inanewspaper’spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper’svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation(20)thecommunity,city,county,state,nationandworld—andevenouterspace.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Justwhen
B.While
C.Soonafter
D.Before
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.togive
B.giving
C.given
D.beinggiven
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Wherever
B.Whatever
C.However
D.Whichever
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.reason
B.cause
C.problem
D.purpose
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.make
B.publish
C.know
D.write
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.another
B.other
C.oneanother
D.theother
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.However
B.And
C.Therefore
D.So
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.value
B.ratio
C.rate
D.speed
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.spread
B.passed
C.printed
D.completed
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.provoke
B.jump
C.step
D.branch
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.matters
B.affairs
C.things
D.events
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.on
B.through
C.with
D.of
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.forms
B.existence
C.contents
D.purpose
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.triestocover
B.managestocover
C.failstocover
D.succeedsincovering
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.source
B.origin
C.course
D.finance
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.way
B.means
C.chance
D.success
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.measures
B.measured
C.ismeasured
D.wasmeasured
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.somewhat
B.little
C.much
D.something
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.offering
B.offered
C.whichoffered
D.tobeoffered
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.by
B.with
C.at
D.about
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:C
第6題:B
第7題:A
第8題:D
第9題:C
第10題:C
第11題:D
第12題:B
第13題:B
第14題:C
第15題:A
第16題:B
第17題:C
第18題:C
第19題:D
第20題:C
【解析】1.考查時(shí)間副詞(短語(yǔ))。Justwhen正當(dāng);While當(dāng)……時(shí);Soonafter不久之后;Before在……之前;根據(jù)上下文判斷,事件發(fā)生在前,報(bào)紙報(bào)道在后。soonafter“不久以后”,符合句意。
2.
考查分詞辨析?,F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),報(bào)紙報(bào)道事件細(xì)節(jié)是主動(dòng)的,所以用giving。
3.
考查關(guān)系代詞。Wherever無論哪里,表地點(diǎn);Whatever無論什么;However不管怎樣;Whichever無論哪一個(gè);由后一句onthespot(當(dāng)場(chǎng))可推斷出應(yīng)選地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)wherever。
4.
考查固定搭配。reason原因;cause成因;problem問題;purpose目的。由動(dòng)詞不定式toget可判定本句表示目的,purpose“目的”,選項(xiàng)D符合要求。
5.
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。make使,讓;publish出版;know知道,了解;write寫。句意:新聞發(fā)生的源頭或是從那些將新聞制作并散播人處獲得,并傳播給那些想要了解新聞的人們。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
6.
考查代詞辨析。another另一個(gè);oneanother彼此,互相;theother兩者中的另一個(gè);other“其他的”。其后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。句意:收音機(jī)、電報(bào)、電視以及其他發(fā)明。
7.
考查邏輯連接詞。However然而,表轉(zhuǎn)折;And而且,表并列;Therefore因此,表因果;So因此,表結(jié)果。根據(jù)上下文,句子間邏輯判斷為轉(zhuǎn)折。選項(xiàng)中的however意為“然而”,符合句意。
8.
考查名詞辨析。value價(jià)值;ratio比例;rate比率;speed速度。句意:他們快速地使用更新并且更快的交流方式來提高速度。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
9.
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。spread傳播;passed傳遞,通過;printed打印,印刷;completed完成。句意:如今更多的報(bào)紙被印刷并且被閱讀。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
10.
考查固定搭配。stepoutinto“拓展”,既可指人又可指物,branchoutinto“拓展”,只能用于指人。句意:競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也使得報(bào)紙拓展到很多其他領(lǐng)域。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
11.
考查名詞辨析。matters“當(dāng)前狀況”;affairs“公共事務(wù)及安全事務(wù)”;things“事情”一般用于口語(yǔ)中;events“重大,重要事件”。句意:政治事件以及其他重要且嚴(yán)肅的事件。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
12.
考查介詞辨析。on在……之上;through通過……;with和……;of屬于……的。句意:報(bào)紙通過廣告影響人們的經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇。through做方式狀語(yǔ),表示“通過,憑借”,選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
13.
考查名詞辨析。form“形式”;existence“存在”;content“內(nèi)容”;purpose“目的”。句意:報(bào)紙是依賴廣告生存的,選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
14.
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。triestocover試圖支付;managestocover打算支付;failstocover無法支付;succeedsincovering成功支付。根據(jù)后面even“甚至”這個(gè)語(yǔ)氣可判斷出此處為否定意義,只有failstocover表否定,意為“無法支付”。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
15.
考查固定搭配。thesourceofincome為固定搭配,意為“收入來源”。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
16.
考查名詞辨析。way方式,道路;means錢財(cái),財(cái)富;chance機(jī)會(huì);success成功。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)義,句意:出售版面廣告所賺的錢依賴于報(bào)紙對(duì)廣告商的價(jià)值。means意為“錢財(cái),財(cái)富”,選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
17.
考查時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)。整個(gè)文章時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)且此句中應(yīng)用被動(dòng),報(bào)紙價(jià)值是“被估量”,選項(xiàng)C符合要求。
18.
考查副詞辨析。somewhat有點(diǎn),稍微;little少量,一丁點(diǎn);much多,大量;something某事。句意:發(fā)行部的工作對(duì)于報(bào)紙的發(fā)行至關(guān)重要。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
19.
考查時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:刊印在報(bào)紙版面上的娛樂和服務(wù)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)且表示將來,選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
20.
考查固定搭配。by通過;憑借;with和……;at在……;about關(guān)于……。atthecommunity意為“在社區(qū)內(nèi)”,為固定用法。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
3.單選題
Thesurvival______ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ratio
B.degree
C.rate
D.scale
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ratio“比率,比例”,B項(xiàng)degree“程度,等級(jí)”,C項(xiàng)rate“比率,等級(jí)”,D項(xiàng)scale“規(guī)模,天平”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞survival“生存”和astheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins“因?yàn)樗鼈儽粴埲痰孬C殺以獲取獸皮”猜測(cè),空格部分表示“生存率”,所以B、D選項(xiàng)排除;A項(xiàng)指的是兩個(gè)量的比值,強(qiáng)調(diào)相比、相除的關(guān)系,C項(xiàng)指的是比率,速度,率等,如“taxrate稅率”、“crimerate犯罪率”;這個(gè)句子中的生存率指的是“野生動(dòng)物的存活數(shù)量和死亡的野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量之比”,是兩個(gè)數(shù)量之比,所以A項(xiàng)更符合。句意:一些野生動(dòng)物的存活率不是很高,因?yàn)樗鼈儽粴埧岬孬C殺以獲取皮毛。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
MyprofessorbrotherandIhaveanargumentaboutheadandheart,aboutwhetherheovervaluesIQwhileIleanmoretowardEQ.Wetypicallyhavethisdebateaboutpeople—canyoubefriendswithareallysmartjerk(怪物)?—butthere'scorollary(推論)toanimalsaswell.I’dloveitifourdogcouldfetchthemorningpaperandthenreadittomeovercoffee,butIactuallycaremuchmoreaboutherloyalandinnocentheart.There’salreadyenoughthinkinggoingoninourhouse,andweprobablyspendtoomuchtimeinourheads.Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthat'swhereadogisarovingrevelation.
Ididnotgrowupwithdogs,whichmeantthatmyolderdaughter'srespectfulbutunyieldingdeterminationtogetonerequiredsomeadjustmentonmypart.Ioftenfeltshewastrainingme:fromagesof6to9,shegentlyschooledmeinvariousbreedsandtheirpersonalities,whisperedtothedogsweencounteredsotheywouldcharmandpersuademe,demonstratedbyherself-disciplinethatshewasreadyfortheresponsibility.AndthuscameourdogTwist,whomIsometimesmistakeforathirddaughter.
AtfirstIthoughtthechallengewouldbetotrainhertosit,toheel,towalkcalmlybesideusandnotgowildlychasingtheneighbourhoodrabbits.ButIsoondiscoveredhowmuchmorewehadtolearnfromherthanshefromus.
Ifitistrue,forexample,thatthesecrettoachild’ssuccessislessraregeniusthanrawpersistence,Twist'sabilitytostayontaskisamodelforusall,especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicks(忽然搖動(dòng))aroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranchesoutside.Sheneversucceeds,andshenevergivesup.Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls.
Thenthereisherunfailingpatience,whichbreaksdownonlywhenshesensesthatdinnertimewas15minutesagoandwehavesomehowfailedtonotice.Eventhensheismoreeagerthanindignant(憤憤不平),andherrefusaltowhineshowsarestraintofwhichI'mnotalwayscapablewhenhungry.
ButthelessonIvaluemostistheoneinforgiveness,andTwistfirstofferedthiswhenshewasstillveryyoung.Whenshewasabout7monthsold,wetookhertothevet(獸醫(yī))tobesprayed(切除卵巢).Weturnedherovertoastranger,whoproceededtoperformaprocedurethatwasprobablynotpleasant,Butwhenthevetreturnedhertous,limpandtender,therewasnorecrimination(反責(zé)),noHowcouldyoudothattome?Itwasasthoughshereallyknewthatwecouldnotintentionallycauseherpain,andwhileshedidnotunderstand,sheforgaveandcurledupwithherheadonmydaughter'slap.
Isupposewecouldhaveconcludedthatshewasjustblindlyloyalanddocile(溫順的).Buteventuallyweknewbetter.Sheisentirelycapableofdisobedience,asshehasprovedmanytimes.Shewillignoreuswhentherearemoreinterestingthingstolookat,rebukeuswhenwearecareless,barkintothetwilightwhenshehasurgentmessagestosend.Butherpatiencewithourfailingsandfickleness(浮躁)andherwillingnesstogiveusasecondchanceareadailylessoningratitude.
Myfriendswhogrewupwithdogstellmehowwhentheywereteenagersandtrustednooneintheworld,theycouldtelltheirdogalltheirsecrets.Itwastheonefriendwhowouldnotgossiporbetray,couldprovideinthemiddleofthenightthesoft,unbegrudging(不勉強(qiáng)的)comfortandpeacethatadolescenceconspirestodisrupt.Anagethatisallaboutgrowthandriskneedssomeanchorsandweights,amodelofsteadfastnesswhenallelseisinflux(處于不斷變化中).SometimesIthinkTwist'sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleash,onethathangsquietlyattheirsideastheytrotalongbutoccasionallyyanks(猛拉)thembacktosafetyandsolidground.
We'veweighedsomanydecisionssocarefullyinraisingourdaughters—whatschooltosendthemtoandwhatchurchtoattend,whentogivethemcellphonesandwithwhatprecautions.Butwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamily,Ineverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.
1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat(
).
2.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingareTwist’scharacteristicsEXCEPT
(
).
3.Accordingtothecontext,themeaningoftheword“square”isclosetto(
).
4.That“Twist’sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleash”meansthat(
).
5.Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressinthelastparagraph?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.apersoncaneitherhaveahighIQoralowEQ
B.herprofessorbrothercarestoomuchaboutIQ
C.weneedexamplesofhowtofollowone'sheart
D.sheprefersdogsthatarecleverandloyal
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.resignation
B.patience
C.forgiveness
D.tenacity
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.fast
B.straight
C.blindly
D.stubbornly
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Twistiscapableoflookingafterthegirls
B.Twistandthegirlshavebecomefriends
C.Twistknowshowtofollowthegirls
D.Twist'sloyaltyhelpsthegirlsgrowup
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Difficultiesinraisingherchildren.
B.Worriesaboutwhattobuyforkids.
C.GratitudetoTwistforherrole.
D.Concernsaboutschoolingandreligion.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthat'swhereadogisarovingrevelation.(我們需要一些角色楷模是本能的,而在這一點(diǎn)上,狗就是一個(gè)很好的體現(xiàn))可知C選項(xiàng)“我們需要如何遵循自己內(nèi)心的例子”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中的AndthuscameourdogTwist可知Twist是一只狗,第四至第六段的每段句首分別提到了狗的rawpersistence(堅(jiān)持,鍥而不舍)、unfailingpatience(堅(jiān)韌不拔的耐心)和forgiveness(寬恕)特征,故排除B(耐心)、C(寬?。?、D(堅(jiān)韌)選項(xiàng),因此A選項(xiàng)“順從”符合題意。
3.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞square定位到文章第四段中的Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls,由前面的especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicks(忽然搖動(dòng))aroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranchesoutside(特別是如果任務(wù)是捕捉陽(yáng)光,當(dāng)風(fēng)吹過外面的樹枝時(shí),陽(yáng)光在起居室周圍忽然搖動(dòng))可推測(cè)此“狗是直接朝墻上的陽(yáng)光跑去”較符合語(yǔ)境,square作副詞時(shí),表示“正對(duì)著地,徑直地”,因此選B。
4.判斷推理題。文章倒數(shù)第二段中介紹了狗伴隨著朋友的青春期成長(zhǎng),認(rèn)為狗最忠誠(chéng)的伙伴,由此聯(lián)想到狗Twist對(duì)女兒們的忠誠(chéng),伴隨著她們長(zhǎng)大,因此D選項(xiàng)“Twist的忠誠(chéng)有助于女孩們成長(zhǎng)”符合題意。
5.推理判斷題。由Butwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamily,Ineverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.(但說到真正塑造她們的性格和使家庭融洽時(shí),我從來沒想到我們會(huì)欠這位最小的家庭成員這么多)可知作者已將Twist當(dāng)作家庭中的一員,感激她所做的貢獻(xiàn),因此C選項(xiàng)“感謝Twist扮演的角色”符合題意。
5.單選題
Auction(拍賣)arepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heaskedthecrowdtogatherintheauctionroomtobidforvariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhighestfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoodsforthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.
TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauctionandtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatin“antic”,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,thesemileswerecalled“subhanta”,meaning“underthespear’’,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacarvedtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle’’,ashoecandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.
Practicallyallgoodscanbesoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,skins,wool,tea,cobra,fir,mat,vegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,oldbooks,oldchinaandworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobetoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbythebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivesfulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleddrafter,asgenerallyas.Theauctioneerneednotbeginwithlotoneandcontinuethenumericalorder,hesafelywaituntilhethefactthatcertainbuyersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestingin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebidding.
1.Auctionedgoodsaresold(
).
2.Theendofbiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because(
).
3.Inthesentence“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,59theword“spoils”mostprobablymeans(
).
4.InEnglandacandleusedtoburnatauctionsales(
).
5.Anauctioncataloguegivesbuyers(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.forthehighestpriceoffered
B.atfixedprices
C.atpriceslowerthantheirtruevalue
D.atpricesofferedbytheauctioneer
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theauctioneerknocksonthetable
B.theauctioneernamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods
C.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable
D.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.uselessgoods
B.spears
C.variouskindsoffood
D.propertytakenfromtheenemy
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.becausetheauctionsalestookplaceatnight
B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather
C.tokeeptheauctionroomwarm
D.tolimittimewhenoffersofpricescouldbemade
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.thecurrentmarketvaluesofthegoods
B.detailsofthegoodstobesold
C.tileorderinwhichgoodsaretobesold
D.freeadmissiontotheauctionsale
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到出價(jià)最高的人成為商品的買家(Heencouragesbuyerstobidhighestfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods),所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
2.文章第一段最后一句話提到當(dāng)拍賣商在一塊高出來的臺(tái)面上敲擊小錘時(shí),競(jìng)價(jià)也就結(jié)束了(Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoodsforthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform),選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
3.題干中的單詞spoil有“戰(zhàn)利品”的意思,除此之外,從“從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中得到的”takenfromwar可以推測(cè)這個(gè)詞的意思是“戰(zhàn)利品”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
4.文章第二段指出,18世紀(jì)、19世紀(jì)的英國(guó),拍賣時(shí)會(huì)點(diǎn)燃一根短蠟燭,而“當(dāng)蠟燭在燃燒時(shí),人們可以競(jìng)價(jià)”(InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle’’,ashoecandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning),由此可知,蠟燭被用來記拍賣的時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
5.文章提到如果廣告沒有列出所有細(xì)節(jié),拍賣者就會(huì)印發(fā)商品目錄(Iftheadvertisementcannotgivesfulldetails,cataloguesareprinted)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
6.單選題
Thechemicalformulaofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)isnowwellestablished.Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.Toeachsugarisattachedanitrogenousbase,whichcanbeoffourdifferenttypes.Twoofthepossiblebases—adenineandguanine—arepurines,andtheothertwo—thymineandcytosine—arepyrimidines.Soareasisknown,thesequenceofbasesalongthechainisirregular.Themonomerunit,consistingofphosphate,sugarandbase,isknownasanucleotide.
Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.Thesetwochainsarebothcoiledaroundacommonfiberaxis.Ithasoftenbeenassumedthatsincetherewasonlyonechaininthechemicalformulatherewouldonlybeoneinthestructuralunit.However,thedensity,takenwiththeX-rayevidence,suggestsverystronglythattherearetwo.
Theotherbiologicallyimportantfeatureisthemannerinwhichthetwochainsareheldtogether.Thisisdonebyhydrogenbondsbetweenthebases.Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therecouldnotberoomforit.
Webelievethatthebaseswillbepresentalmostentirelyintheirmostprobableforms.Ifthisistrue,theconditionsforforminghydrogenbondsaremorerestrictive,andtheonlypairsofbasespossibleare:adeninewiththymine,andguaninewithcytosine.Adenine,forexample,canoccuroneitherchain;butwhenitdoes,itspartnerontheotherchainmustalwaysbethymine.
Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.Itfollowsthatinalongmoleculemanydifferentpermutationsarepossible,anditthereforeseemslikelythattheprecisesequenceofbasesisthecodewhichcarriesthegeneticalinformation.Iftheactualorderofthebasesononeofthepairofchainsweregiven,onecouldwritedowntheexactorderofthebasesontheotherone,becauseofthespecificpairing.Thus,onechainis,asifwere,thecomplementoftheother,anditisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.
1.Theauthorsusetheword“backbone”(underlinedin1thand5thparagraphs)toindicatethat(
).
2.Inthesecondparagraph,whatdotheauthorsclaimtobeafeatureofbiologicalinterest?
3.Basedonthepassage,theauthors’statement“Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therewouldnotberoomforit”(italicized)impliesthatpair
(
).
4.Theauthors9useofthewords“exact,”“specific,”and“complement”blackenedinthefinalparagraphfunctionsmainlyto(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.onlyverylongchainsofDNAcanbetakenfromanorganismwithaspinalcolumn
B.themainstructureofachaininaDNAmoleculeiscomposedofrepeatingunits
C.achaininaDNAmoleculeconsistsentirelyofphosphategroupsorofsugars.
D.nitrogenousbasesformthemainstructuralunitofDNA
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.DNAconsistingoftwochains.
B.Thecommonfiberaxis.
C.TheX-rayevidence.
D.ThechemicalformulaofDNA
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanthespacebetweenasugarandaphosphategroup
B.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanapairconsistingofapurineandapyrimidine
C.ofpyrimidineswouldbelargerthanapairofpurines
D.consistingofapurineandapyrimidinewouldbelargerthanapairofpyrimidine
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.confirmthatthenucleotidesequencesareknownformostmoleculesofDNA
B.countertheclaimthatthesequencesofbasesalongachaincanoccurinanyorder
C.supporttheclaimthatthephosphate-sugarbackboneoftheauthor’smodeliscompletelyregular
D.emphasizehowonechainofDNAmayserveastemplatetobecopiedduringDNAreplication
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:D
【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.DNA分子是一個(gè)非常長(zhǎng)的鏈條,其支柱由糖和磷酸基有規(guī)律的交替組合構(gòu)成。與第五段中Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.我們?nèi)祟惖腄NA分子模式的磷酸糖支柱完全是有規(guī)律的,不過成對(duì)的含氮堿基的任何排序都可以納入該結(jié)構(gòu)。可知與B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段中的“Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.”在生物學(xué)研究方面我們?nèi)祟怐NA結(jié)構(gòu)令人感興趣的第一個(gè)特征是它由兩個(gè)鏈條而不是一個(gè)鏈條組成。可知與A項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)。
3.判斷推理題。從第三段中“Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.”這些堿基成對(duì)地聯(lián)結(jié)在一起,一條鏈上的一個(gè)堿基與另一條鏈上的一個(gè)堿基氫鍵連接。重要的一點(diǎn)是,只有某些對(duì)堿基才能適合這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。一對(duì)中的一個(gè)成員必須是嘌呤,另一個(gè)是嘧啶,以架起兩個(gè)鏈之間的溝通橋梁。可知B項(xiàng)“由嘌呤和嘧啶組成的比一對(duì)嘧啶大”正確。
4.推理判斷題。A項(xiàng)“證實(shí)大多數(shù)DNA分子的核苷酸序列是已知的”;B項(xiàng)“反對(duì)這樣一種說法,即沿著鏈的堿基序列可以以任何順序出現(xiàn)”;C項(xiàng)“支持作者模型的磷酸鹽-糖骨架是完全規(guī)則的這一說法”;D項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)一條DNA鏈?zhǔn)侨绾卧贒NA復(fù)制過程中作為模板被復(fù)制的”定位到最后一段中“...itisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.正是這種特征表明脫氧核糖核酸分子(DNA)可以自我復(fù)制。”可知D項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswerecompletely().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.unjustified
B.unjust
C.misguided
D.unaccepted
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)unjustified表示“不公正的;不必要的”,B選項(xiàng)unjust表示“非正義的”,C選項(xiàng)misguided表示“被誤導(dǎo)的”,D選項(xiàng)unaccepted表示“未被接納的;被拒絕的;不承擔(dān)的”。根據(jù)句意可知,這部電影的受歡迎程度表明審核員的擔(dān)心是完全沒必要的。因此,A選項(xiàng)最符合原文句意,故本題最佳答案為A選項(xiàng)。
8.單選題
Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheEarthisfinite,
(1)
absolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferent(2)Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;
(3)
thequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturing
(4)
mustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.
Thecostofaproduct
(5)
moneymaynotmeasureitstruecost
(6)
society.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthe
(7)
oftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasa
(8)
Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeansthe
(9)
ofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.In
(10)
howtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythe
(11)
ofthecommunity,thisopportunitymustbetakenintoaccount.
Inamarket
(12)
thepriceofagoodandthequantity
(13)
dependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,
(14)
,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanism
(15)
thisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andother
(16)
usedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceofthese
(17)
,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduce
(18)
iftheleathercanusedtoproducehandbagsthatare
(19)
highlybyconsumers,thepriceoftheleatherwillbebidup
(20)
.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.composing
B.imposing
C.exposing
D.disposing
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.uses
B.ways
C.areas
D.forms
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.since
B.unless
C.as
D.if
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.plant
B.firm
C.process
D.procedure
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.inregardto
B.intermsof
C.inviewof
D.inrelationto
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.in
C.on
D.of
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.charge
B.expense
C.price
D.value
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.product
B.purpose
C.result
D.rule
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.diminishing
B.abandoning
C.discarding
D.substituting
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.deciding
B.assessing
C.predicting
D.projecting
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.wants
B.desires
C.premises
D.facilities
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.state
B.system
C.condition
D.economy
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.presented
B.delivered
C.supplied
D.forwarded
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.accordingly
B.ultimately
C.consequently
D.practically
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.formulates
B.regulates
C.enhances
D.enforces
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.components
B.substances
C.elements
D.materials
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.outputs
B.inputs
C.goods
D.articles
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.anyway
B.somehow
C.somewhere
D.elsewhere
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.appraised
B.appealed
C.approved
D.approached
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.passionately
B.unanimously
C.spontaneously
D.correspondingly
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:B
第6題:A
第7題:D
第8題:C
第9題:B
第10題:A
第11題:A
第12題:D
第13題:C
第14題:B
第15題:D
第16題:C
第17題:B
第18題:D
第19題:A
第20題:D
【解析】(1)動(dòng)詞辨析題。由所給出的選項(xiàng)可知,此處需要現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于次要謂語(yǔ),說明“地球表面有限”與“絕對(duì)資源短缺”的關(guān)系。據(jù)此判斷,B選項(xiàng)imposing“強(qiáng)加”表明這種“絕對(duì)短缺”是一種自然狀況,是我們無法改變的,用在此處最恰當(dāng)。A選項(xiàng)composing“構(gòu)成”,C選項(xiàng)exposing“暴露,揭示”,D選項(xiàng)disposing“安排,處理”,四個(gè)詞的詞根相同,詞義不同,屬于干擾選項(xiàng)。
(2)介詞辨析題。從與介詞in的搭配上看,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)皆可用,但據(jù)其下文看,涉及的都是資源的應(yīng)用問題,故A選項(xiàng)uses“用法,用途”正確;B選項(xiàng)ways“方法";C選項(xiàng)areas“領(lǐng)域”;D選項(xiàng)forms“形式”,均不合題意。
(3)連詞辨析題。上句說明了“相對(duì)資源短缺”的一個(gè)意義。此句則解釋它的另一意義“投入資源的數(shù)量是有限的,它用于制造某種產(chǎn)品上的數(shù)量增加,必然導(dǎo)致在其他應(yīng)用上的減少”。所以D選項(xiàng)if“如果”表示條件,正確。A選項(xiàng)“由于,既然”;B選項(xiàng)“如果……不,除非”;C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)椤本缓暇湟膺壿嫛?/p>
(4)名詞辨析題。由上題的分析可知,C選項(xiàng)“過程”正確,manufacturingprocess意指“制造或生產(chǎn)某物的過程”。A選項(xiàng)“工廠”;B選項(xiàng)“公司”;D選項(xiàng)“程序”。
(5)介詞短語(yǔ)辨析題。根據(jù)句意判斷,B選項(xiàng)“按照,就……而言”,介詞短語(yǔ)intermsofmoney修飾thecostofaproduct意為“一種產(chǎn)品的貨幣成本”。A選項(xiàng)“至于”,C選項(xiàng)“由于”,D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)系到”,均不符合語(yǔ)境。
(6)介詞用法辨析題。thecostofsth.意為“……的費(fèi)用或成本”,thecosttosb./sth.意為“……所付出的費(fèi)用或代價(jià)”。句意“一種產(chǎn)品的貨幣成本不能表明社會(huì)付出的實(shí)際代價(jià)”確定A選項(xiàng)正確。
(7)名詞辨析題。此空處于表語(yǔ)位置,應(yīng)與其主語(yǔ)thetruecost相呼應(yīng),所以D選項(xiàng)“價(jià)值,(公平的)代價(jià)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“要價(jià),收費(fèi)”;B選項(xiàng)“花費(fèi),開支”;C選項(xiàng)“價(jià)格”,皆不適用。
(8)名詞辨析題。將各選項(xiàng)分別代入句中,A選項(xiàng)asaproduct“作為一種產(chǎn)品”;B選項(xiàng)asapurpose“作為一種用途”;C選項(xiàng)asaresult“作為一種結(jié)果,因此”;D項(xiàng)asarule“通?!保鶕?jù)句意“比如,制造一架超音速噴氣式飛機(jī)的實(shí)際成本,就是因此而不能建造許多學(xué)校和冰箱的代價(jià)?!贝_定C選項(xiàng)正確。
(9)動(dòng)詞辨析題。此題的前一句指出每項(xiàng)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)都消耗掉一部分社會(huì)可用資源,這意味著什么呢?根據(jù)句意‘它意味著放棄創(chuàng)造其他東西的機(jī)會(huì)?!_定B選項(xiàng)abandoning“放棄”符合句意;A選項(xiàng)“減少”,C選項(xiàng)“丟棄”,D選項(xiàng)“取代”均不合句意。
(10)動(dòng)詞辨析題。根據(jù)上一句的論斷,此句提出建議,句意:在決定如何最有效地利用資源來滿足社區(qū)的…時(shí),必須考慮到這一機(jī)會(huì)。所以A選項(xiàng)deciding“對(duì)……作出抉擇,覺得”正確。
(11)動(dòng)詞辨析題。動(dòng)詞satisfy常與needs,demand,wants等詞連用,句意:在決定如何最有效地利用資源來滿足社區(qū)的需要時(shí),必須考慮到這一機(jī)會(huì)。所以A“需要(之物)”正確;B“愿望",C“前提",D“設(shè)施”,均不合句意。
(12)名詞辨析題。marketeconomy“市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)”是常用搭配,而economy又有“就經(jīng)濟(jì)體制而言的國(guó)家”,經(jīng)濟(jì)制度”之意,因而A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家”,B選項(xiàng)“制度”均可排除;C“狀況”不合句意,D選項(xiàng)正確。
(13)動(dòng)詞辨析題。此空所需的分詞修飾thequantity“數(shù)量”,句意:在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中,一種商品的價(jià)格和供應(yīng)量取決于制造它的成本,所以C選項(xiàng)“供應(yīng)(生產(chǎn))”恰當(dāng),正確。A選項(xiàng)“提交”,B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)送,交付”,D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)送”,不合句意。
(14)副詞辨析題。句意:在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中,一種商品的價(jià)格和供應(yīng)量取決于制造它的成本,而成本最終是不制造其他商品的成本。此處的thecost不同于上句末的thecostofmakingit,而是指其后果造成的代價(jià),B選項(xiàng)“最終,終極”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因此”,C選項(xiàng)“因此,所以”,D選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上”,均不合句意。
(15)動(dòng)詞辨析題。此段第1句闡明了在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下商品的制造成本與社會(huì)成本之間的連帶關(guān)系。由此可見,這種關(guān)系是市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的突出特點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng),強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確,A選項(xiàng)“制定,用公式表示”,B選項(xiàng)“控制,調(diào)整”,C選項(xiàng)“提高,增加”,均不合句意。
(16)名詞辨析題。由other可知,此處所需之詞不僅指制做皮鞋所需的各種材料,還應(yīng)包括投入的人工、時(shí)間等。句意:市場(chǎng)機(jī)制強(qiáng)化了這種關(guān)系。比如說,一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、燃料和生產(chǎn)過程中使用的其他元素的價(jià)格。C選項(xiàng)“成分,要素”最具概括性,符合句意。A選項(xiàng)“構(gòu)成部分,部件”,B選項(xiàng)“物質(zhì)”,D選項(xiàng)“材料”,太片面,不合句意。
(17)名詞辨析題。與上題類似,此處同樣需要一個(gè)能概括各種要素的詞,句意:但這些投入的價(jià)格,反過來又取決于它們能生產(chǎn)…。B選項(xiàng)“投入”正確。A選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)出”,C選項(xiàng)“商品”,D選項(xiàng)“物品”,不合句意。
(18)副詞辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘但反過來,這些投入的價(jià)格又取決于它們?cè)谄渌胤侥苌a(chǎn)什么’判斷,D選項(xiàng)“在別處”,意指生產(chǎn)其他商品,符合句意。破折號(hào)后的句子對(duì)此做了具體說明。A選項(xiàng)“無論如何”,B選項(xiàng)“以某種方式”,C選項(xiàng)“在某處”,不合句意。
(19)動(dòng)詞辨析題。由后面主句中的willbebidup“會(huì)被抬高”判斷,此處用A選項(xiàng)“評(píng)價(jià)”符合句意‘如果皮革能用于生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)者高度評(píng)價(jià)的手袋,’。B選項(xiàng)“有吸引力”,非及物動(dòng)詞不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),排除;C選項(xiàng)“贊成”,D選項(xiàng)“處理,對(duì)付”,不合句意。
(20)副詞辨析題。根據(jù)if從句的句意‘如果這些皮革能用來生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)者高度評(píng)價(jià)的手袋,那么皮革的價(jià)格將相應(yīng)地上漲。’,D選項(xiàng)“相應(yīng)地”正確;A
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