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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津?yàn)I海汽車工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

AsanecologicalapproachtoTranslationStudies,Eco-translatologyviewstranslationasanentiretranslationaleco-system,andfocusesontherelationshipbetweenthetranslatorandthistranslationaleco-environment.Atranslationaleco-environmentisconstruedasahighlyintegratedentitythatcomprisestheactualtext,theculturalcontextandthehumanagents,aswellasothertangibleandintangibleingredients.InEco-translatology,translationactivitiesaredescribedandinterpretedintermsofsuchecologicalprinciplesasholism,relevance,dynamics,balanceandharmony,togetherwithecologicalaesthetics.SomeelementsofclassicalChineseorOrientalphilosophiesandculturalquintessenceareprojectedinthisnascentapproach.

【答案】作為翻譯學(xué)研究的一種生態(tài)方法,生態(tài)翻譯學(xué)把翻譯看成是一個(gè)完整的翻譯生態(tài)系統(tǒng),非常注重譯者與翻譯生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系。翻譯生態(tài)環(huán)境被看作是一個(gè)有實(shí)際文本、文化語境和人類構(gòu)成的高度集成的實(shí)體,并且其中還包含其他一些有形和無形的成分。在生態(tài)翻譯學(xué)中,翻譯活動(dòng)就是根據(jù)這些生態(tài)原則來描述和闡釋的,比如整體論、相關(guān)性、動(dòng)態(tài)論、平衡性、協(xié)調(diào)性,還有生態(tài)美學(xué)等。一些中國(guó)古典文學(xué)、東方哲學(xué)乃至文化精髓的因素都可以在這種新的方法中折射出來。

2.翻譯題

Direction:TranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Onceanemployeewantstoworkabroadhemusthaveaclearmindthathissuccessandexpertisehomedonotmeanhecancontinuehisexcellenceathisoverseasbranchbecauseoftheculturalenvironmentaswellashisadaptability.ThinkingdifferenceinsteadofprofessionalexperienceplaysanimportantroleforU.S.businesspeoplesuccessatforeignmarket.Values,attitude,andbuyingpreferenceandtheirrelatedinformationhavetobeadaptedandalteredfromtopmanagementtoaverageworkersinthecourseoftappingforeignmarkets.Forinternationalbusiness,thefirmsinU.S.havetoredeterminetheirmarketingstrategyandtacticswhichgenerallycontrarytowhattheyhavedoneattheirhomemarketsbasedontheirknowledgeofthetargetingcountries’culturecontext.Americanbusinesspersonshavetounderstandthatculturalvariableinfluenceinternationalbusinessenterprisessotheyarerequiredtoplacehighlyprioritytocommunicatewiththeforeignpeopleformutualunderstandingbesidestheirbusinessactivities.

【答案】如果一名員工想出國(guó)工作,他必須要弄清楚的是,由于文化環(huán)境的差異和他自身適應(yīng)能力的影響,他在國(guó)內(nèi)的成功和專業(yè)并不能保證他能在國(guó)外的分公司也一樣的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀。在國(guó)外市場(chǎng)上,美國(guó)商務(wù)人員的成功取決于思維差異而不是專業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在開發(fā)國(guó)外市場(chǎng)的進(jìn)程中,價(jià)值觀、態(tài)度和購(gòu)買偏好以及與這些相關(guān)的信息從高層主管到普通職工之間不盡相同,需要我們?nèi)ミm應(yīng)。在國(guó)際商務(wù)中,美國(guó)的企業(yè)需要根據(jù)他們對(duì)目標(biāo)國(guó)文化的了解來重新調(diào)整他們的市場(chǎng)策略與戰(zhàn)術(shù),這些戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)常會(huì)與他們?cè)趪?guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)采用的相反。美國(guó)的商人必須了解文化差異對(duì)國(guó)際企業(yè)的影響,所以他們需要高度重視與外國(guó)朋友在商業(yè)活動(dòng)外的交流,以促進(jìn)相互理解。

3.單選題

AtthecloseoftheKyotoGlobal-WarmingTreatydiscussionheldinBonnlastweek,exhaustednegotiatorsfromnearlyeverycountryinearthhadreasontobeproud.Theyhaddonewhatnooneexpected—theyreachedabreakthroughagreementtolimitgreenhousegases.Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefU.S.officialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration“willnotabdicate(放棄)ourresponsibility”toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.That’sbecausetheU.S.,theworld’slargestproducerofgreenhousegases,satonthesidelinesinBonn.

GeorgeW.Bushhasyettodecidewhat,ifanything,hewilldotocombatglobalwarming.ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekeepstheU.S.outofthediscussions.Indoingso,theAdministrationmayhavelostitslastopportunitytohelpshapetheinternationalresponsetotheproblem.AndBushmaybeindangeroflosingcontroloverclimateactiondomestically.Aftermonthsofinternaldebate,theAdministrationisstill“consulting”ontheissue.

ThatnoiseyouhearisCongressrushingtofilltheleadershipvacuum.Atleastsixclimateplanshavebeenproposedsofar.ThefirstissponsoredbyformerRepublican,nowIndependentSenatorJimJeffords,chairmanoftheSenateEnvironmentCommittee,whoproposestocutgreenhouse-gasemissionfrompowerplants.Congressionalactionthisweekwillcenteronreducingemissionbyraisingvehiclefuel-efficiencystandards,includingthoseforSUVs.IfSUVshadtomeetthesamestandardsascars—somethingMassachusettsRepresentativeEdMarkeywillproposethisweek—theycouldsaveconsumeranestimated$7billionatthepumpthisyearandcutgasolinedemandbytensofbillionsofgallonsover10years.

The“drillDetroit,notArctic”campaignwillfindsomesupportthisweekwhentheNationalAcademyofSciencesreleasesalong-awaitedstudy.Thereport,toned-downaftertheautoindustryprotestedthatraisingfuel-efficiencystandards,bymakingcarslighter,makesvehicleslesssafe,isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25%withexistingtechnology.

Ifafuel-efficiencybillreacheshisdesk,Bushcouldbeinabind—caughtbetweenautolobbyists(hischiefstaffusedtobeone)andhisconcernforenergysecurity.Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,itwillbehardforhimtoopposemeasurethatcouldreducethenationalappetiteforforeignoilbymillionsofbarrelsayear.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby____.

2.Thestatement“satonthesideline”(Paragraph1)means____.

3.BushkeepsU.S.outofthediscussionbecausehebelieves____.

4.TheNationalAcademyofSciencefoundinthestudythat____.

5.Whatcanwefindfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makingacomparison

B.justifyingasanassumption

C.posingacontrast

D.explainingaphenomenon

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.notsittingtogetherwiththerepresentativesfromothercountries

B.nottakingpartintheactivityeventhoughtheyshoulddo

C.notgettinginvolvedinthediscussion

D.notpayingattentiontotheinternationalaffair

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theindustrializedcountriesshouldnotshouldertheresponsibilityalone

B.developingcountriesfailtomeetthesamerequirement

C.theindustrialcountriesseemtosharemoreintacklingthisissue

D.thedevelopingcountriesshouldnotbeincluded

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theautoindustryshouldnotraisethefuelefficiencystandards

B.thelightercarisnotsafeenough

C.theexistingtechnologycanincreasethefuelefficiency

D.thelighterthecaris,thelesssafetyitwillbe

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.NewtechnologycanhelpBushoutoftrouble.

B.Bushintendstostirthenationalappetiteforforeignoil.

C.AutolobbyistshavedifferentideasfromBush.

D.Bushfailstodealwiththesubtlesituation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby____.在文章首段,作者通過____引出話題。

A.makingacomparisonA.做比較

B.justifyingasanassumptionB.證明一個(gè)假設(shè)

C.posingacontrastC.設(shè)置對(duì)照

D.explainingaphenomenonD.解釋一個(gè)現(xiàn)象

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theopeningparagraph定位到原文第一段,本段主要介紹了布什政府與不同國(guó)家的代表對(duì)《京都議定書》的不同反應(yīng)。根據(jù)本段第三句“在結(jié)束發(fā)言時(shí),每個(gè)發(fā)言者都對(duì)下一個(gè)發(fā)言者表示贊揚(yáng)(aseachspeakerpraisedthenext),只有在場(chǎng)的美國(guó)首席官員(onlythechiefU.S.official)做出了非外交式的回應(yīng)”,推測(cè),作者是將布什政府的反應(yīng)與其他國(guó)家的反應(yīng)進(jìn)行對(duì)照,引出后文關(guān)于美國(guó)情況的討論,C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)置對(duì)照”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“做比較”,是本題最大的干擾項(xiàng),但是“比較”主要是分析對(duì)象之間的異同,并且參與比較的對(duì)象是同樣重要的;而原文主要分析的是差異,并且更側(cè)重于布什政府的反應(yīng),該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

B選項(xiàng)“證明一個(gè)假設(shè)”,原文并未提出任何假設(shè),并對(duì)其進(jìn)行論證,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“解釋一個(gè)現(xiàn)象”,原文并未對(duì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thestatement“satonthesideline”(Paragraph1)means____.第一段“satonthesideline”的意思是____。

A.notsittingtogetherwiththerepresentativesfromothercountriesA.不和其他國(guó)家的代表坐在一起

B.nottakingpartintheactivityeventhoughtheyshoulddoB.即使應(yīng)該參與活動(dòng),也沒參與

C.notgettinginvolvedinthediscussionC.不參與討論

D.notpayingattentiontotheinternationalaffairD.不關(guān)注國(guó)際事務(wù)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞satonthesideline和Paragraph1定位到原文第一段最后一句。該句提到“這是因?yàn)槊绹?guó),作為世界上最大的溫室氣體排放國(guó),在波恩的會(huì)議上____?!庇纱丝芍摱陶Z指的是美國(guó)在波恩會(huì)議上的表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文“當(dāng)葆拉?多布里揚(yáng)斯基(PaulaDobriansky)在集會(huì)上說,布什政府‘不會(huì)放棄我們的責(zé)任’以解決全球變暖(addressglobalwarming),大廳充滿了噓聲(thehallfilledwithboos)。”由此可知,與會(huì)代表們并不相信布什政府做出的承諾。美國(guó)作為世界上最大的溫室氣體排放國(guó),本應(yīng)該在討論氣候問題的波恩會(huì)議上積極作為,承擔(dān)責(zé)任,但是從其他代表的反應(yīng)來看,他們并沒有做到。因此,B選項(xiàng)“即使應(yīng)該參與活動(dòng),也沒參與”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不和其他國(guó)家的代表坐在一起”,根據(jù)sat直譯出來的,但是不符合原文語境;

C選項(xiàng)“不參與討論”,只表達(dá)了部分意思,沒有B選項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)確,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;

D選項(xiàng)“不關(guān)注國(guó)際事務(wù)”,波恩大會(huì)主要討論的是氣候問題,“國(guó)際事務(wù)”的表述不準(zhǔn)確,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

BushkeepsU.S.outofthediscussionbecausehebelieves____.布什把美國(guó)排除在討論之外,因?yàn)樗嘈臺(tái)___。

A.theindustrializedcountriesshouldnotshouldertheresponsibilityaloneA.工業(yè)化國(guó)家不應(yīng)獨(dú)自承擔(dān)責(zé)任

B.developingcountriesfailtomeetthesamerequirementB.發(fā)展中國(guó)家沒有達(dá)到同樣的要求

C.theindustrialcountriesseemtosharemoreintacklingthisissueC.工業(yè)化國(guó)家似乎在解決這一問題上承擔(dān)得更多

D.thedevelopingcountriesshouldnotbeincludedD.發(fā)展中國(guó)家不應(yīng)該包括在內(nèi)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞BushkeepsU.S.outofthediscussion定位到原文第二段第二、三句,這兩句提到“但他(布什)認(rèn)為,《京都議定書》存在致命缺陷,因?yàn)樗鼪]有要求(doesn’trequire)發(fā)展中國(guó)家(developingcountries)像工業(yè)化國(guó)家那樣(asitdoesindustrializedcountries)立即限制化石燃料的使用。所以他把美國(guó)排除在討論之外?!庇纱丝芍际部偨y(tǒng)之所以這么做,是因?yàn)樵搮f(xié)議只要求工業(yè)化國(guó)家立即限制化石燃料的使用,卻不要求發(fā)展中國(guó)家,可見,他覺得不應(yīng)該只有工業(yè)化國(guó)家為氣候變暖負(fù)責(zé),發(fā)展中國(guó)家也應(yīng)該像發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一樣立即限制化石燃料的使用。因此,A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)化國(guó)家不應(yīng)獨(dú)自承擔(dān)責(zé)任”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展中國(guó)家沒有達(dá)到同樣的要求”,原文表達(dá)的是“發(fā)展中國(guó)家沒有被要求”,而不是它們沒有達(dá)到要求,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

C選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)化國(guó)家似乎在解決這一問題上承擔(dān)得更多”,根據(jù)原文的邏輯,該協(xié)議沒有對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家提出要求是布什總統(tǒng)這么做的原因,因此,不是發(fā)展中國(guó)家承擔(dān)得少了,而是他認(rèn)為發(fā)展中國(guó)家根本就沒有承擔(dān)責(zé)任,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展中國(guó)家不應(yīng)該包括在內(nèi)”,與原文表述相反,布什認(rèn)為應(yīng)該包括在內(nèi),該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNationalAcademyofSciencefoundinthestudythat____.美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)____。

A.theautoindustryshouldnotraisethefuelefficiencystandardsA.汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)不應(yīng)該提高燃油效率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

B.thelightercarisnotsafeenoughB.輕一點(diǎn)兒的車不夠安全

C.theexistingtechnologycanincreasethefuelefficiencyC.現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)可以提高燃料效率

D.thelighterthecaris,thelesssafetyitwillbeD.汽車越輕,安全性就越低

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞TheNationalAcademyofScience定位到原文第四段。本段第二句提到“在汽車行業(yè)抗議提高燃油效率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(使汽車更輕,降低了汽車的安全性)后,該報(bào)告的語氣有所緩和,但仍有可能得出結(jié)論,認(rèn)為在現(xiàn)有技術(shù)下(withexistingtechnology),燃油效率至少可以提高25%(fuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25%)?!庇纱丝芍撗芯康贸龅陌l(fā)現(xiàn)是“現(xiàn)有技術(shù)下燃油效率至少可以提高25%”。因此,C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)可以提高燃料效率”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)不應(yīng)該提高燃油效率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,原文雖然提到了汽車行業(yè)抗議提高燃油效率標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但這并不是說不應(yīng)該提高,并且這一點(diǎn)并不是美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的研究所得出的發(fā)現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

B選項(xiàng)“輕一點(diǎn)兒的車不夠安全”,這是汽車行業(yè)抗議的原因,不是美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的研究所得出的發(fā)現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“汽車越輕,安全性就越低”,原文提到“使汽車更輕,降低了汽車的安全性”,但是不是“汽車越輕,安全性就越低”并沒有說,而且這不是美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的研究所得出的發(fā)現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatcanwecanfindfromthelastparagraph?從最后一段我們能發(fā)現(xiàn)什么?

A.NewtechnologycanhelpBushoutoftrouble.A.新技術(shù)可以幫助布什擺脫困境。

B.Bushintendstostirthenationalappetiteforforeignoil.B.布什打算激起全國(guó)對(duì)外國(guó)石油的喜愛。

C.AutolobbyistshavedifferentideasfromBush.C.汽車說客的想法與布什不同。

D.Bushfailstodealwiththesubtlesituation.D.布什沒有處理好微妙的局面。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thelastparagraph定位到原文最后一段。本段第一句提到“如果一項(xiàng)燃油效率法案送到布什的辦公桌上,他可能會(huì)陷入兩難的處境(Bushcouldbeinabind):一方面是汽車說客(autolobbyists)(他的首席幕僚曾是其中之一),另一方面是他對(duì)能源安全的擔(dān)憂(hisconcernforenergysecurity)?!钡箶?shù)第二段第二句提到“汽車行業(yè)抗議提高燃油效率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,由此可知,汽車說客們的觀點(diǎn)是“反對(duì)提高燃油效率”;而布什總統(tǒng)出于能源安全考慮,應(yīng)該是希望節(jié)約能源的,燃油效率提高有利于節(jié)約能源,所以兩者的觀點(diǎn)是不一致的,因此C選項(xiàng)“汽車說客的想法與布什不同”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)可以幫助布什擺脫困境”,原文第二段第一句提到“布什尚未決定采取什么行動(dòng)來對(duì)抗全球變暖(tocombatglobalwarming)”,這是布什總統(tǒng)的困境;原文雖然提到新技術(shù)可以燃油效率,減少人們對(duì)石油的需求,節(jié)約能源,但是并沒有提出解決措施,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理;

B選項(xiàng)“布什打算激起全國(guó)對(duì)外國(guó)石油的喜愛”,原文雖然提到他反對(duì)可能減少外國(guó)石油需求的措施,以及他對(duì)能源安全的擔(dān)憂,說明他希望人們?cè)谫?gòu)買石油時(shí)更多地選擇外國(guó)石油,但是原文只是提到了他的這種傾向,并沒有涉及他會(huì)怎么做以激起人們對(duì)外國(guó)石油的喜愛,另外,原文提到新技術(shù)使他沒有辦法再繼續(xù)反對(duì)了,說明即使他有過這種打算,也是以前的了,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理;

D選項(xiàng)“布什沒有處理好微妙的局面”,本段只提到了布什總統(tǒng)面臨的兩難局面,并沒有涉及他是否處理好這個(gè)局面,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.單選題

Thoughsometimestoolazytoworkashardashersisters,Lindahasamoreavidfondnessforthelimelight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mercurial

B.gallant

C.ardent

D.frugal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mercurial“多變的;活潑的;機(jī)智的”;B選項(xiàng)gallant“英勇的”;C選項(xiàng)ardent“熱烈的”;D選項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)儉的”。句意:雖然琳達(dá)有時(shí)太懶,不像她的姐妹們那樣努力工作,但她對(duì)引人注目更熱烈地喜歡。根據(jù)語境,C選項(xiàng)ardent“熱烈的”搭配fondness“喜好”比較合理,和avid“熱衷的”同義,符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Paradoxically,Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthatshehasbecomequite(

)them.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflectiveabout

B.skepticalof

C.enamoredof

D.offendedby

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。reflective反射的;沉思的;becomeskepticalof開始非常懷疑······;enamoredof迷戀;becomeoffendedby感到被冒犯。句意:自相矛盾的是,羅賓遜對(duì)早期科幻作品價(jià)值的過度否認(rèn)表明她已經(jīng)開始非常懷疑它們。由Paradoxically和Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthat可知B符合語境。

6.單選題

Havingweighedupallthefactorsthedepartmentfinallyagreedtoreceiveallthe()tothecommittee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nominations

B.hypotheses

C.rejection

D.resistance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。nomination“任命;提名”;hypotheses“假定,臆測(cè)”,hypothesis的復(fù)數(shù)形式;rejection“拒絕”;resistance“阻力,電阻”。由thedepartment(部門)與committee(委員會(huì))可知這里是“任命”的意思,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

ToproducetheupheavalintheUnitedStatesthatchangedandmodernizedthedomainofhighereducationfromthemid-1860’stothemid-1880’s,threeprimarycausesinteracted.Theemergenceofahalf-dozenleadersineducationprovidedthepersonalforcethatwasneeded.Moreover,anoutcryforafresher,morepractical,andmoreadvancedkindofinstructionaroseamongthealumniandfriendsofnearlyalloftheoldcollegesandgrewintoamovementthatoverrodeallconservativeopposition.Theaggressive“YoungYale”movementappeared,demandingpartialalumnicontrol,amoreliberalspirit,andabroadercourseofstudy.ThegraduatesofHarvardUniversitysimultaneouslyralliedtorelievetheUniversity’spovertyanddemandnewenterprise.EducationwaspushingtowardhigherstandardintheEastbythrowingoffchurchleadershipeverywhere,andintheWestbyfindingawiderrangeofstudiesandanewsenseofpublicduty.

Theold-styleclassicaleducationreceiveditsmostcrushingblowinthecitadelofHarvardUniversity,whereDr.CharlesElliot,ayoungcaptainofthirty-five,sonofaformertreasurerofHarvardledtheprogressiveforces.FiverevolutionaryadvancesweremadeduringthefiveyearsofDr.Elliotadministration.Theyweretheelevationandamplificationofentrancerequirements,theenlargementofthecurriculumandthedevelopmentoftheelectivesystem,therecognitionofgraduatestudyintheliberalarts,theraisingofprofessionaltraininginlaw,medicine,andengineeringtoapostgraduatelevel,andthefosteringofgreatermaturityinstudentlife.Standardsofadmissionweresharplyadvancedin1872-1873and1876-1877.Bytheappointmentofadeantotakechargeofstudentaffairs,andawisehandlingofdiscipline,theundergraduateswereledtoregardthemselvesmoreasyounggentlemenandlessasyounganimals.Onenewcourseofstudyoranotherwasopenedup—science,music,thehistoryofthefinearts,advancedSpanish,politicaleconomy,physics,classicalphilosophy,andinternationallaw.

1.Thepassagemainlydealswith(

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutHarvardUniversitybeforetheinnovations?

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutold-styleclassicaleducation?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.innovationsintheUnitedStates’highereducationinthelate1800s.

B.HarvardUniversitygraduates’success.

C.thedevelopmentofHarvardUniversity.

D.theaggressive“YoungYale”movement.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Coursesweremorepractical.

B.Educatorslaidgreatstressonthematurityinstudentlife.

C.Admissionstandardswerehigher.

D.Studentswereyounger.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Moststudentsmajoredinlaw.

B.Thecoursesweretoodifficult.

C.Thecurriculumwasnotreasonable.

D.StudentscouldgetMaster’sdegreeintheliberalarts.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Severalleadersineducationmadegreateffortstopromotetheeducationalinnovations.

B.Churchleadersinfluencededucationalotbeforetheprogressivechange.

C.Collegeentrancerequirementswereelevatedinthelate1800s.

D.Thesenseofpublicdutywasneglectedinthelate1800s.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句可以了解到,美國(guó)高等教育發(fā)生了改變,從而激發(fā)了現(xiàn)代化的推進(jìn),導(dǎo)致的原因主要有三個(gè),由此可見本文要討論美國(guó)高等教育的發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“andthefosteringofgreatermaturityinstudentlife”,可以看出目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生變得更加成熟,比較級(jí)greater表明在之前學(xué)生就已經(jīng)是成熟的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段,哈佛大學(xué)對(duì)其古典教育進(jìn)行了徹底性的改革,包括課程和選課制度的發(fā)展,文科研究生學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)可,提高法律的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)水平等等。所以只有課程設(shè)置的不合理是古典教育的內(nèi)容,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.判斷是非題。根據(jù)文章第一段,可知A項(xiàng)正確;根據(jù)第二段第三句可知C項(xiàng)正確,B和D項(xiàng)都可以根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句可判斷。只有D選項(xiàng)違背原文意思。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.翻譯題

(1)Inmanyofthecountriesstrugglingtofindenoughwaterfortheirpopulations,itisthegovernmentthatistoblame,notgeographyaccordingtoareportoutthisweek.

(2)SeveralrecentUNstudiesshowthatlackofwaterisholdingbackfoodproductionandeconomicdevelopmentinmoreandmoreregionsaroundtheworld.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,athirdoftheplanetwillfacewatershortagesby2025.

ButCarolineSullivan,headofwaterpolicyandmanagementatBritain’sCentreforEcologyandHydrology(CEH)inWallingford,Oxfordshire,saystheseproblemsareoftenofacountry’sownmaking.(3)“Itiseasyforgovernmentstoblamegeographywhentheproblemisusuallytheirownfailings.”Shesays.Unlesstheyrealizethis,theywillhavenochanceofachievingthegoalagreedatthisyear’sWorldSummitofhalvingthenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstocleandrinkingwaterby2015,sheadds.

SullivanisthechiefauthoroftheWaterPovertyIndex,publishedthisweekbytheCEHTheindex,whichwasputtogetherwithSullivan’scolleaguesatthewaterpolicythinktanktheWorldWaterCouncil,rankscountriesbyhowefficientlytheyconserve,useanddeliverwatertothosewhoneedit.

(4)Itrevealsasharpcontrastbetweencountriesthatmanagetheirwaterwellandthosethatdon’t.HaitiandtheDominicanRepublicsharethesameCaribbeanisland,andhavesimilarpopulationsandaccesstosimilaramountsofWater.YetwhiletheDominicanRepublicappearsinthetophalfoftheindex,Haitisufferslastoutofthe147countriesassessed.

Onereasonispoverty,butHaitihasalsochoppeddownitsforest,causing20%muchsoilerosionthatrainfallrunsintotheseainflashfloodsratherthansoakingintothesoilandsupplementingaquifers(地下蓄水層).

Notallrichnationsfarewellintheindex.(5)TheU.S.andJapancome32ndand36threspectively,largelybecausethewaytheycollectandusewateriswastefulanddamagestheenvironment.Australiaranked44th,whileBritainisin11thplace.“Therealcrisisisnottheamountofwater.It’sthewayweuseit.”saysSullivan.

【答案】1.本周公布的報(bào)告表明,在奮力為人民找到充足水源的許多國(guó)家中,應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任的是政府,而不是地理環(huán)境。

2.聯(lián)合國(guó)最近的幾項(xiàng)研究表明,在世界上越來越多的地區(qū),缺水正阻礙糧食生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

3.如果問題基本上是政府自身的過失,政府很容易怪罪于地理環(huán)境。

4.它形成了鮮明的對(duì)比,有的國(guó)家恰如其分地管理了水資源,而有的國(guó)家沒有。

5.美國(guó)和日本分別排在第32位和第36位,這主要是因?yàn)樗麄兪占褪褂盟姆绞皆斐衫速M(fèi)且破壞環(huán)境。

9.單選題

Whenwritingaboutcontroversialtopics,someauthorstrytobe(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressive

B.reflective

C.objective

D.persuasive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。impressive意為“給人印象深刻的,感人的”;reflective意為“反射的,反映的”;objective意為“客觀的,實(shí)體的”;persuasive意為“有說服力的”。

句意:在寫有爭(zhēng)議的話題時(shí),有些作者力求客觀。

10.單選題

Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould(

)considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultfrom

B.settledown

C.liein

D.leadto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)resultfrom“產(chǎn)生于……,由……引起”;B選項(xiàng)settledown“定居”;C選項(xiàng)liein“在于,位于”;D選項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致,把……帶到”。根據(jù)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系可知選D,表示慷慨的公共資助會(huì)給國(guó)家?guī)砗锰?。句意:?duì)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)慷慨的公共資助將為國(guó)家的健康、財(cái)富和安全帶來可觀的好處。

11.單選題

Pleasedropinwheneveryoucan.I’dliketokeep______touch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.to

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:有空請(qǐng)隨時(shí)來坐坐。我想保持聯(lián)系。keepintouch是固定搭配,意為“保持聯(lián)系”。其他三項(xiàng)不能進(jìn)行搭配。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Itis______whodecideswhethertheaccusedisinnocentorguilty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thejuryandonlyjury

B.thejuryandonlythejury

C.onlythejuryandjury

D.thejuryandtheonlyjury

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。原句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,意思是“陪審團(tuán),也只有陪審團(tuán)才能決定被起訴的人是否有罪?!贝颂帲芭銓張F(tuán)”應(yīng)該是特指的,在結(jié)構(gòu)上應(yīng)為thejury。形容詞only修飾一個(gè)特指的名詞,可以放在定冠詞之前,此處,構(gòu)成onlythejury,意為“只有陪審團(tuán)”;也可以放在定冠詞之后,此處,構(gòu)成theonlyjury,意為“那唯一的陪審團(tuán)”。從結(jié)構(gòu)上講,只有B選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)符合上述要求;從意義上講,B選項(xiàng)(陪審團(tuán),只有陪審團(tuán))才符合句義,因?yàn)樵诜缮希灰M織了陪審團(tuán),就有資格參與審判,而不論“這個(gè)”還是“那個(gè)”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Mountainbikingdemandshill-walkingstrengthaswellastrackridingskills.Initially,choosegentleroutesamongfamiliarterrain—orrisk______shoulder-carriers!

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.long-term

B.elongated

C.prolonged

D.lengthened

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)long-term用于指“(從現(xiàn)在到將來持續(xù)的)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間”或者“與將來發(fā)生的事件有聯(lián)系”,如:long-termplan。其他3個(gè)選項(xiàng)的共同點(diǎn)都是“把……拉長(zhǎng)”,但B項(xiàng)elongated僅指在空間上拉長(zhǎng),如:Thenoseistoomuchelongated.D選項(xiàng)lengthened可以指空間也可以指時(shí)間,如:Theroadcouldbelengthened.和HelengthenedhisstayinBeijing.但C項(xiàng)prolonged與elongated和lengthened不同的是,它指“持續(xù)到超過正常的時(shí)間限度”或“延長(zhǎng)正常的時(shí)間限度”。句意:山地自行車不僅需要在賽道上騎行的技巧,還需要在山路上行走的力量。首先,要在熟悉的范圍內(nèi)選擇比較平緩的路線,否則有可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地用肩扎著自行車。shoulder-carriers在這里指“(騎車人成了)扛車的人”。C選項(xiàng)恰好符合本句的意思,因?yàn)椋隍T車爬山運(yùn)動(dòng)中,有時(shí)扛車是難免的,但如果選擇路線正確,扛車的時(shí)間就不會(huì)太長(zhǎng),反之,扛車的時(shí)間就會(huì)延長(zhǎng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanyculturewill()totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.confine

C.confirm

D.confront

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“conform”,意為“相符合”,B選項(xiàng)“confine”,意為“監(jiān)禁,限制”,C選項(xiàng)“confirm”,意為“證明,確認(rèn)”,D選項(xiàng)“confront”,意為“面對(duì),遭遇”。句意:任何文化中的大多數(shù)人都會(huì)和該文化的既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保持一致。A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Thepublicattachedgreatimportancetothenewsthatpricesofhousingwouldbebroughtundercontrol.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.joined

B.ascribed

C.fastened

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。attach表示“依附,附加”,attachimportanceto表示“重視,著重于”;A項(xiàng)join“參加”,B項(xiàng)ascribe“歸因于,歸咎于”,C項(xiàng)fasten“使之固定”,D項(xiàng)divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意:公眾對(duì)房?jī)r(jià)將得到控制的消息非常重視。根據(jù)句意可知,只有ascribe能與greatimportance匹配,故該題B項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

人類是一個(gè)不斷的自然進(jìn)化過程的產(chǎn)物,其中包括無數(shù)次的遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化:這一不可阻擋的過程自45億年前地球形成以來一直未曾間斷過。這一進(jìn)化過程,受環(huán)境因素的影響,經(jīng)過隨機(jī)突變,形成了更具適應(yīng)性的系統(tǒng),從而保證了其連續(xù)性。在動(dòng)物世界,這導(dǎo)致了更高級(jí)物種的進(jìn)化,并在人類身上達(dá)到了極致。我認(rèn)為人類掌握了自身的命運(yùn),因?yàn)槿祟愐呀?jīng)獲得創(chuàng)新思維的能力。

創(chuàng)新思維能力的獲得大大加速了自然進(jìn)化的過程。它導(dǎo)致了人類文明諸多方面的巨大進(jìn)步。如在藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、技術(shù)上,在屬于人類智慧擴(kuò)展前沿科學(xué)上尤其如此。然而,正是科學(xué)的這些進(jìn)步使得人類獲得了自我毀滅的功能,導(dǎo)致了消滅人類自身的工具的發(fā)展。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish

【答案】Humanbeingisaproductoftheconstantevolutionarywhichinvolvesnumerousgenetictransformations,andhasgoneuninterruptedsincetheEarthcameintobeing4.5billionyearsago.Subjecttoenvironmentalfactorsandundergoingrandommutation,thisevolutionaryprocessdevelopsintoamoreadoptablesystemtoensurethecontinuity.Intheanimalworld,thissystemleadstotheevolutionofmoreadvancedspeciesandreachesitspeak.Ithinkhumanbeingsmastertheirowndestinies,fortheyhaveobtainedthecreativethinking.

Creativethinkinggreatlyacceleratesthespeedofnaturalevolution.Itleadstogreatachievementsinhumancivilization,suchasart,literature,medicine,technology,especiallyinsciencewhichstandsfortheforefrontoftheexpansionofhumanintelligence.However,thoseadvancementsinsciencealsoenablehumanstoself-destruction,andresultinthedevelopmentoftoolsfordestroyinghumanbeings.

17.單選題

Inthesearchforsolutiontoseeminglyoverwhelmingproblems,itbecameincreasingly______toincluderadical,evenrevolutionaryideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stable

B.absolute

C.immortal

D.plausible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stable“穩(wěn)定的”;B選absolute項(xiàng)“絕對(duì)的”;C選項(xiàng)immortal“不朽的”;D選項(xiàng)plausible“看似合理的”。句意:在尋找看似無法解決的問題的解決方案時(shí),激進(jìn)的,甚至是革命性的主意越來越______。根據(jù)語境,plausible“看似合理的”搭配ideas“主意”比較合理,指激進(jìn)的方法更加可行,D選項(xiàng)plausible“看似合理的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

His()keepshimfromtakingpartinsports.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosperity

B.punctuality

C.humor

D.sloth

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮,成功”;B選項(xiàng)punctuality“嚴(yán)守時(shí)間;正確”;C選項(xiàng)humor“幽默,詼諧”;D選項(xiàng)sloth“怠惰,懶惰。句意:他因懶散而不參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意“不參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”可知D項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Researchcanhavenoeconomicimpactifthenewscientificdiscoveriesarenot(

)intomarketablegoodandservice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.launched

B.translated

C.dissected

D.conveyed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。launch“發(fā)射,發(fā)行”;translate“翻譯,轉(zhuǎn)化”;dissect“仔細(xì)分析”;convey“傳達(dá),運(yùn)輸”。根據(jù)句意“如果新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有轉(zhuǎn)化為市場(chǎng)商品和服務(wù),科學(xué)研究沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)影響”,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

20.單選題

Weareto()10,000,000computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnin

B.turnout

C.turnup

D.turnto

【答案】B

【解析】turnin"交上,歸還";turnout"證明是,結(jié)果是,生產(chǎn)";turnup"出現(xiàn),發(fā)生";turnto"變成,求助于"。句意:我們計(jì)劃明年生產(chǎn)一萬臺(tái)電腦以滿足市場(chǎng)的需求。turnout在這里是生產(chǎn)的意思,所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

21.單選題

Thedecision______,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenmade

B.weremade

C.havingbeenmade

D.making

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.hasbeenmade被做B.weremade被做

C.havingbeenmade被做D.making做

【考查點(diǎn)】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

【解題思路】句子主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以空格處只能做非謂語,而decision和thenextproblem不是同一個(gè)邏輯主語,所以前半部分只能做獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu);decision和make之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,而且是決定做出后,下個(gè)問題是怎么制定計(jì)劃,所以只能用havingbeenmade,C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B選項(xiàng)為謂語動(dòng)詞,不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu);

D選項(xiàng)不符合時(shí)態(tài),排除。

【句意】決定做好之后,下一個(gè)問題是如何制定一個(gè)好的計(jì)劃。

22.單選題

IncolonialAmerica,peoplegenerallycoveredtheirbedswithdecorativequiltsresemblingthoseofthelandsfromwhichthequittershadcome.WealthyandsociallyprominentsettlersmadequiltsoftheEnglishtype,cutfromlargelengthsofclothofthesamecolorandtextureratherthanstitchedtogetherfromsmallerpieces.TheymadetheseuntiltheadventoftheRevolutionaryWarin1775,wheneverythingEnglishcametobefrownedupon.

Amongthewhole-clothquiltsmadebythesewealthysettlersduringtheearlyperiodarethosenowcalledlinsey-woolseys.Thistermwasusuallyappliedtoafabricofwoolandlinenusedinheavyclothingandquiltedpetticoatsworninthewintertime.Despitethename,linsey-woolseybedcoversdidnotoftencontainlinen.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric,consistingofsmooth,compactyarnfromlongwoolfiberdyeddarkblue,green,orbrownwithabottomlayerofacoarserwoolenmaterial,eithernaturalorashadeofyellow.Thefillingwasasoftlayerofwoolwhichhadbeencleanedandseparatedandthethreelayerswereheldtogetherwithdecorativestitchingdonewithhomespunlinenthread.Later,cottonthreadwasusedforthispurpose.Thedesignofthestitchingwasoftenasimpleonecomposedofinterlockingcirclesorcrosseddiagonallinesgivingadiamondpattern.

Thistypeofheavy,warm,quiltedbedcoverwassolargethatithungtothefloor.Thecomersarecutoutatthefootofthecoversothatthequiltfitsnuglyaroundthetallfour-poster,bedsofthe1700s,whichdifferedfromthoseoftodayinthattheywereshorterandwider;theywereshortbecausepeoplesleptinasemi-sittingpositionwithmanybolstersorpillows,andwide,becauseeachbedoftensleptthreeormore.Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.Therewasnocentralheatingandmostbedroomsdidnothavefireplaces.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionstheRevolutionaryWarasatimeperiodwhen(

).

3.Thequiltsdescribedinthesecondandthirdparagraphsweremadeprimarilyof(

).

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatthesleepinghabitsofmostAmericanshavechangedsincethe1700sinallthefollowingwaysEXCEPT

).

5.WhichofthefollowingwasmostlikelytobefoundinabedroominthecolderareasoftheAmericancolonies?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theprocessingofwool

B.Linsey-woolseybedcovers

C.SleepinghabitsofcolonialAmericans

D.QuiltsmadeinEngland

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.quiltsweresuppliedtothearmy

B.moreimmigrantsarrivedfromEngland

C.quiltsimportedfromEnglandbecamehardertofind

D.people'sattitudestowardEnglandchange

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