書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽中醫(yī)藥高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

They（

）theirhuntingskillsforthelifeofsettledfarmers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forsook

B.forged

C.sacrificed

D.reserved

【答案】A

【解析】句意:為了過(guò)著穩(wěn)定的農(nóng)民生活,他們放棄了狩獵技能。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined.Theexistingframework__1__tophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasno__2__fororgantransplantation.Itis__3__togetthepermissionoftherelatives,__4__becauseorgan__5__musttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelatives__6__time.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonsto__7__intheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.An__8__istoprovidebylawthatpermissionis__9__unlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.Itis,ofcourse,importantthatthere__10__publicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnot__11__normalresuscitativeeffortsofthe__12__donor.Transplantationhasobviously__13__importantethicalconsiderations__14__thediagnosisofdeath.Everyeffortmustbemadeto__15__theheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestor__16__tosomeonewhocannotbreathe.__17__,artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,mustbecontinued__18__itisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthat__19__thispointeffortsatresuscitationare__20__.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relating

B.associated

C.associating

D.related

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.description

B.provision

C.rule

D.statement

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.impossible

B.vital

C.ritual

D.customary

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.or

C.but

D.then

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.replacement

B.transplantation

C.removal

D.burial

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.on

D.within

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.say

B.provide

C.supply

D.mention

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.alteration

B.operation

C.option

D.alternative

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.gained

B.acquired

C.assumed

D.got

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.be

C.are

D.wouldbe

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.impair

B.repair

C.harm

D.hurt

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.future

B.tomorrow

C.potential

D.possible

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.rose

B.aroused

C.arose

D.raised

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.concerning

B.concerned

C.relating

D.associating

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.give

B.restore

C.lend

D.help

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.breath

B.respiring

C.breathing

D.air

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.Incontrast

B.Inaddition

C.Consequently

D.However

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.until

C.when

D.since

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.beyond

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.promising

B.profitable

C.useless

D.worthy

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析與固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)relatingto“涉及，關(guān)于”，相當(dāng)于about“關(guān)于”；B、C選項(xiàng)associate“聯(lián)系，聯(lián)想”，一般與介詞with搭配使用；D選項(xiàng)relatedto由berelatedto“與……有關(guān)”變形而來(lái)，相當(dāng)于beconnectedwith“與……有關(guān)系”。句意：現(xiàn)有的框架___身體傷害和照顧死者……由此可知，“身體傷害和照顧死者”是“現(xiàn)有規(guī)定的框架中”內(nèi)容，而非表達(dá)“現(xiàn)有框架”與“身體傷害和照顧死者”有關(guān)系或有聯(lián)系，因此，只有A選項(xiàng)relatingto“涉及，關(guān)于”符合題意。另外，空格后的介詞為to，而非with，也能排除B選項(xiàng)、C。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

2.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)description“描述”；B選項(xiàng)provision“（法律文件中的）規(guī)定，條款”；C選項(xiàng)rule“（游戲或活動(dòng)的）規(guī)定，規(guī)則”；D選項(xiàng)statement“聲明，稱(chēng)述”。根據(jù)前一句話(huà)thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined（有關(guān)器官移植的法律定義不明確）中的thelaw“法律”推測(cè)，B選項(xiàng)provision“（法律文件中的）規(guī)定，條款”最符合。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

3.考查形容詞辨析與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)impossible“不可能的”；B選項(xiàng)vital“至關(guān)重要的”；C選項(xiàng)ritual“習(xí)慣的，例行公事的”，常有不真誠(chéng)的意味，含貶義；D選項(xiàng)customary“習(xí)慣的，通常的”，中性詞。句意：征得家屬的同意是____。本文圍繞器官移植展開(kāi)，根據(jù)句意及常識(shí)，進(jìn)行器官移植通常需要征得家屬的同意，且此處并不包含貶義。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)and“和”，表并列；B選項(xiàng)or“或者”，表選擇；C選項(xiàng)but“但是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折；D選項(xiàng)then“然后”，表順承。此題可做完第5、6題再做，以便判斷前后的邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂癐tiscustomarytogetthepermissionoftherelatives.（通常，器官移植需要征得家屬的同意。）空格后becauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（因?yàn)樗勒咚篮缶鸵⒓慈〕銎鞴伲钥赡軣o(wú)法及時(shí)跟家屬取得聯(lián)系。）由此可見(jiàn)，空格前后語(yǔ)義存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因而該填入表轉(zhuǎn)折的C選項(xiàng)but“但是”。本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

5.考查名詞辨析與上下文。A選項(xiàng)replacement“更換”；B選項(xiàng)transplantation“移植”；C選項(xiàng)removal“移出”；D選項(xiàng)burial“埋葬”。句意：器官____必須在死者死后立刻進(jìn)行。根據(jù)句意，此處僅指把器官?gòu)木璜I(xiàn)者（死者）身上取出這個(gè)動(dòng)作，因此，C選項(xiàng)removal“移出”最符合句意；A選項(xiàng)replacement“更換”、B選項(xiàng)transplantation“移植”，不僅包括取出的動(dòng)作，還包括安裝的動(dòng)作；D選項(xiàng)burial“埋葬”完全不符合語(yǔ)境。另外，根據(jù)后文（第九題后）unlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime（除非本人在世時(shí)禁止取出他的器官），此處用的是removal“移出”，也可以推出第五題填C選項(xiàng)removal“移出”更合適。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

6.考查固定搭配與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)attime“偶爾”；B選項(xiàng)intime“及時(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)ontime“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”,指事情按計(jì)劃發(fā)生；D選項(xiàng)withintime“在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)”。句意：因?yàn)樗勒咚篮缶鸵⒓慈〕銎鞴?，所以可能無(wú)法____跟家屬取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)句意，空格處表達(dá)“來(lái)不及與家屬取得聯(lián)系”，因此B選項(xiàng)intime“及時(shí)”最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

7.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)say“說(shuō)，表達(dá)，指示”；B選項(xiàng)provide“規(guī)定”，指法律或規(guī)則等正式規(guī)定；C選項(xiàng)supply“供應(yīng)，提供”，通常指大量提供所需的東西；D選項(xiàng)mention“提及”，通常以非常簡(jiǎn)單的方式。句意：鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谒麄兊倪z囑中____。一般寫(xiě)在遺囑中的內(nèi)容正式、具有法律效力，B選項(xiàng)provide“規(guī)定”更符合語(yǔ)境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

8.考查名詞辨析與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)alteration“修改，變更”；B選項(xiàng)operation“操作；經(jīng)營(yíng)”；C選項(xiàng)option“選項(xiàng)，選擇權(quán)”；D選項(xiàng)alternative“供替代的選擇”。原文句意：一個(gè)____是法律規(guī)定……。前文encouragepersonstoprovideintheirwills…（鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谒麄兊倪z囑中規(guī)定……）已經(jīng)提出了一個(gè)建議，讓“法律對(duì)器官移植進(jìn)行規(guī)定”是“在遺囑中進(jìn)行規(guī)定”的一個(gè)替代選擇，因此D選項(xiàng)alternative“供替代的選擇”最符合語(yǔ)境；如果要選C選項(xiàng)option“選項(xiàng)”的話(huà)，原文得改為“Anotheroption‘另一個(gè)選擇’”。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

9.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)gain“（經(jīng)過(guò)努力）獲得，贏得；獲益”；B選項(xiàng)acquire“（通過(guò)努力、行為）獲得；購(gòu)得”；C選項(xiàng)assume“假定”；D選項(xiàng)get“收到，得到”，該語(yǔ)義不用于被動(dòng)形式。句意：另一種選擇是法律規(guī)定，____同意器官移植，除非本人在世時(shí)已禁止取出他的器官。原文想表達(dá)的是，除非本人活著的時(shí)候不同意提供器官移植的器官，否則法律假設(shè)你是同意的，并不涉及經(jīng)過(guò)努力或行為獲取，因此排除A、B選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境；另外，空格處填的是動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，所以D選項(xiàng)排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

10.考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由Itisimportant/necessarythat…（……很重要）引導(dǎo)的名詞性主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可以省略。原文Itis,ofcourse,importantthatthere____publicreassurancethat…（公眾肯定……是很重要的。）從句是therebe句型，空格處應(yīng)填shouldbe，should可省略，B選項(xiàng)be符合要求。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

11.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impair“損害，削弱（某種能力）”；B選項(xiàng)repair“修理；補(bǔ)救”；C選項(xiàng)harm“（故意地）傷害；損害（某人或某事）”；D選項(xiàng)hurt“使受傷；對(duì)某人或某事產(chǎn)生不良影響”。句意：考慮器官移植不會(huì)____捐獻(xiàn)者正常的恢復(fù)能力。根據(jù)句意，B選項(xiàng)repair“修理；補(bǔ)救”不符合句意，且此處損害的非人非事，而是某種能力，則A選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

12.考查詞義辨析與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)future“未來(lái)的”；B選項(xiàng)tomorrow“明天；在未來(lái)”；C選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的，可能（發(fā)展成……）的”，側(cè)重于有潛力，僅用在名詞前；D選項(xiàng)possible“可能（做到）的；可能（發(fā)生）的”，側(cè)重于事情發(fā)生的可能性。句意：考慮器官移植不會(huì)損害____捐獻(xiàn)者正常的恢復(fù)能力。根據(jù)句意，此處是指“還不是捐獻(xiàn)者，但符合捐獻(xiàn)的要求，可能成為捐獻(xiàn)者的人”，排除A、B選項(xiàng)且B選項(xiàng)詞性不符。C選項(xiàng)thepotentialdonor與D選項(xiàng)thepossibledonor的區(qū)別在于，前者側(cè)重于指符合捐獻(xiàn)要求，有捐獻(xiàn)的能力，而后者側(cè)重于產(chǎn)生捐獻(xiàn)這種行為的可能性，前者更符合語(yǔ)境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

13.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rise“上升；增加；起身”；B選項(xiàng)arouse“引起（情感、態(tài)度）；喚醒；鼓勵(lì)”；C選項(xiàng)arise“（問(wèn)題或困難）出現(xiàn)；（由……）引起”；D選項(xiàng)raise“引起，導(dǎo)致，使出現(xiàn)”。句意：顯然器官移植已經(jīng)____了重要的倫理考慮。A選項(xiàng)不符合句意，排除；“器官移植”是因，“關(guān)于倫理的考慮”是果，且“關(guān)于倫理的考慮”不是某種情感或態(tài)度，排除B選項(xiàng)；干擾選項(xiàng)Carise“（由……）引起”顛倒了因果，通常用于Aariseoutof/fromB（A由B引起），不符合原文。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

14.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)concerning“關(guān)于，涉及”；B選項(xiàng)concerned“擔(dān)心的（~about/forsth）；關(guān)注的（~about/withsth）”；C選項(xiàng)relating“（~to）關(guān)于；涉及”，搭配介詞to構(gòu)成relatingto“關(guān)于；涉及”；D選項(xiàng)associating“（~with）聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想”，搭配介詞with構(gòu)成associate…with…“把……和……聯(lián)系起來(lái)”。句意：倫理考慮____死亡診斷。根據(jù)句意，“診斷死亡”是“倫理討論”的內(nèi)容，排除B選項(xiàng)。另外，空格后沒(méi)有介詞to或with，則可單獨(dú)使用的A選項(xiàng)concerning“關(guān)于，涉及”最符合要求，翻譯為：關(guān)于死亡診斷的倫理考慮。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

15.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)give“交給；提供”；B選項(xiàng)restore“恢復(fù)（某種情況）”；C選項(xiàng)lend“借給”；D選項(xiàng)help“幫助”。句意：必須盡力讓突然心臟驟停的人____心跳。這里指讓心臟驟停的人的心臟重新跳動(dòng)起來(lái)，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)restore“恢復(fù)（某種情況）”最符合語(yǔ)境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

16.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)breath“氣息”，名詞；B選項(xiàng)respiring“呼吸，指吸氣和呼氣；恢復(fù)呼吸”，專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞；C選項(xiàng)breathing“呼吸；吸氣；呼氣”，動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞；D選項(xiàng)air“使通風(fēng)；晾干”。句意：必須盡一切努力使心跳驟停的人恢復(fù)心跳，使不能呼吸的人恢復(fù)____。D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)義，排除；空格處填入一個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)名詞，與前文heartbeat“心跳”并列，A選項(xiàng)雖然是名詞，但它指的是呼吸的氣流，而非呼吸這個(gè)動(dòng)作，排除；干擾選項(xiàng)B有專(zhuān)門(mén)的名詞respiration“呼吸”，如果選項(xiàng)為respiration“呼吸”的話(huà)就可以；C選項(xiàng)breathing“呼吸，動(dòng)名詞”剛好符合題意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

17.考查邏輯關(guān)系。此題可做完第18題再做，以便更好地理解邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)Incontrast“與此相反”，表示比較和對(duì)立；B選項(xiàng)Inaddition“此外，另外”，表示順承和補(bǔ)充；C選項(xiàng)Consequently“因此”，表示因果關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)However“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折?？崭袂暗木渥訛镋veryeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohasasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe（必須盡一切努力恢復(fù)心臟驟停患者的心跳，恢復(fù)無(wú)法呼吸的患者的呼吸）；空格后的句子artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,mustbecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.（作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的復(fù)蘇方法，人工呼吸和心臟按摩（即心肺復(fù)蘇），必須持續(xù)進(jìn)行，直到確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡為止。）由此可見(jiàn)，空格前表達(dá)的是必須要盡力恢復(fù)患者的心跳和呼吸；空格后表達(dá)的是恢復(fù)患者心跳和呼吸的搶救必須要堅(jiān)持到確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡才能停止，兩者是一種順承和補(bǔ)充的關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)Inaddition“此外，另外”最符合語(yǔ)境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

18.考查連詞辨析與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)that“以至于；為了”，表目的或結(jié)果；B選項(xiàng)until“直到……時(shí)候”，表時(shí)間；C選項(xiàng)when“在……時(shí)候”，表時(shí)間；D選項(xiàng)since“從……以來(lái)；因?yàn)椤?，表時(shí)間或原因。句意：作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的復(fù)蘇方法，人工呼吸和心臟按摩（即心肺復(fù)蘇），必須持續(xù)進(jìn)行____確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡?？崭裉帒?yīng)填入一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的連詞，所以A選項(xiàng)that“以至于；為了”排除；另外，根據(jù)原文continue“繼續(xù)”的提示以及常識(shí)可知，心肺復(fù)蘇是持續(xù)進(jìn)行的，而不是只在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)，并且在確定大腦死亡之后才停止，而不是從確定大腦死亡才開(kāi)始，所以B選項(xiàng)until“直到……時(shí)候”最符合語(yǔ)境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

19.考查上下文語(yǔ)義與時(shí)間介詞辨析。此題可結(jié)合第20題一起做。A選項(xiàng)on“在……時(shí)候”，用于具體的某一天或者某一天的上午、下午或晚上之前；B選項(xiàng)in“在……時(shí)候”，用于時(shí)間段之前（年、月、日、上午、下午等）；C選項(xiàng)at“在……時(shí)候”，用于具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前；D選項(xiàng)beyond“晚于（某個(gè)時(shí)間）”。句意：大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為_(kāi)_19__這個(gè)時(shí)間努力復(fù)蘇是__20__。根據(jù)前文artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,mustbecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead（作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的復(fù)蘇方法，人工呼吸和心臟按摩（即心肺復(fù)蘇），必須持續(xù)進(jìn)行，直到確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡為止），可知thispoint“這個(gè)時(shí)間”指的是前文itisclearthatthebrainisdead“確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡”這個(gè)時(shí)間，并且前文寫(xiě)的是“心肺復(fù)蘇一直要進(jìn)行到確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡”，即確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡之后就停止進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇，那么該題所在句子應(yīng)該是解釋這么做的原因，即大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為超過(guò)（D選項(xiàng)beyond）這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)再進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇也是沒(méi)用的。第19、20題的選項(xiàng)還可以組合成“在這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（C選項(xiàng)at）進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇是有價(jià)值的或有希望的”這個(gè)意思，但是這種解釋只能解釋為什么要進(jìn)行到這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，并不能解釋為什么到了這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)就可以停止。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

20.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。此題可結(jié)合第19題一起做。A選項(xiàng)promising“有希望的，有前途的”；B選項(xiàng)profitable“有利可圖的，賺錢(qián)的”；C選項(xiàng)useless“無(wú)用的”；D選項(xiàng)worthy“值得的，有價(jià)值的”。句意：大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為_(kāi)_19__這一點(diǎn)努力復(fù)蘇是__20__。根據(jù)前文artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,mustbecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead（作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的復(fù)蘇方法，人工呼吸和心臟按摩（即心肺復(fù)蘇），必須持續(xù)進(jìn)行，直到確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡為止），可知thispoint“這個(gè)時(shí)間”指的是前文itisclearthatthebrainisdead“確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡”這個(gè)時(shí)間，并且前文寫(xiě)的是“心肺復(fù)蘇一直要進(jìn)行到確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡”，即確定大腦已經(jīng)死亡之后就停止進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇，該題所在句子解釋這么做的原因，即大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為超過(guò)這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)再進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇也是沒(méi)用的（C選項(xiàng)useless）。第19、20題的選項(xiàng)還可以組合成“在這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)是有價(jià)值的（D選項(xiàng)worthy）或有希望的（A選項(xiàng)promising）”這個(gè)意思，但是這只能解釋為什么要進(jìn)行到這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，并不能解釋為什么到了這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)就可以停止。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

3.單選題

AWorldWithoutBooksOrMusic

Ifbookshadneverbeendiscovered,manwouldhavefoundsomeotherwayofrecordinghiscommunication.Butthen,forourconsideration,weshouldincludeasbookseverythingthatisawrittenrecord.Thiswouldincludetablets,papyrusandanythingelse一includingcomputerdiskettes.Inthecaseofmusic,itwouldbeimpossibletothinkthatmancanlivewithoutit.Lookingatprimitivecultures,itappearsthatmusicisactuallyapartofthehumanpsyche.Whentwothingsareknockedtogether,musicisproduced.Soforthesakeofourdiscussion,itisintendedtorestrictthemeaningofmusictothepopularlyacceptedconcept.Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.

Thoughitisdifficultto,wecanpretendthatthesethingsneverexisted.Inthiscasewewouldnotmissthemtoday.Tocomparewithrecentinventions,letuslookatradioandtelevision.Thoughwecannotthinkoflifewithoutthemtoday,thisissoonlyfromcomparativelyrecenttimes.Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.Butbooksareadifferentthingbecausethey,orsomethingakintothem,beganthousandsofyearsago.Inthecaseofmusic,itgoesbackevenfurther—perhapstomillionsofyears.Wemaybeabletoimagineaworldwhichneversawbooks,becausebooksareahumaninvention.However,inthecaseofmusicthisdoesnotseempossible.Pleasingsoundsareallaroundus;likethesingingofthebirdsandthewhistlingofthewind.Musicjustseemstobeinborninusandintheworldaroundus.

Ifbooksdidnotexist,theworldwillbeapoorerplaceindeed.GreatphilosophieslikePlato'swouldbecomeunknownandallthepleasuresandlessonswecouldgetfromthemwillbelostforever.ThenthereisliteratureliketheworksofthegreatmasterslikeShakespeare,DickensandJaneAusten.Whatasombre,miserableworlditwillbewithoutthepleasuresofreading.Sincetherearesomanyotherthingswhichdependonreading-likeplays,songsandmovies―wecanexpectthemtodisappearalso.Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworldwhereknowledgeisnotpropagated;wheretherearenobookstoderivepleasurefrom.

Inthecaseofmusic:Withoutittheworldwillbebleakandcoldindeed.Itwouldbeaterribleworldwithnocheerytunes,nosongstosingandnogreatmusictoloseourselvesin.AworldwhichdoesnotlistentothemusicofthegreatmasterslikeChopinandBeethovenwouldbeaverysorryworld.Therewillnotbesomanysmilesonfacesanymore.Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.Withmusic,connectedactivitieslikedancingwillbelosttoo.AworldwithoutmusicanddancingwillbringusbacktotheStoneAge.

Unlikeradio,television,telephonesandcomputers,readingandmusicarenotmereconveniencesthatwecanlivewithout.Readingiscrucialforself-expressionandforpassingonrecordsandknowledgetofuturegenerations.Musicispartofourverysoul.Aworldwithoutthesewillnotbetheworldasweknowit.Infact,manyofuswouldnotwanttoliveinsuchaworld.

1.Musicispartofthehumanpsychebecause().

2.Accordingtothepassage,lifewithouttelevisionandradiowouldbe()..

3.Itisimpossibletoimagineaworldwithoutmusicbecause().

4.Aworldwithoutbookswouldbe()..

5.Whyismusicsomethingthatwecannotlivewithout?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itispartofprimitiveculture

B.itissomethingweliketolistento

C.italwaysstrikesachordwithus

D.ithasbeenproducedsinceancienttimes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.essentiallythesame

B.verydifferent

C.quiteboring

D.spirituallymoresatisfying

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.musiclikebooksisahumaninvention

B.itiscrucialforself-expression

C.enjoyablesoundsexistinourenvironment

D.plays,songsandmoviesdependonit

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bleakandcold

B.averysorryworld

C.dreadfullyunsatisfying

D.darkanddull

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.BecauseitisaconvenienceliketheInternet.

B.Becausewewillloseadeeppartofourselves.

C.Becausewewon'thavesmilesonourfacesanymore.

D.BecausephilosophieslikePlato'swouldnotexist.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.”音樂(lè)是我們喜歡聽(tīng)的令人愉悅的所有聲音。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的五六七句“Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.”我們中有許多人曾經(jīng)歷過(guò)一段沒(méi)有電視的日子。他們會(huì)告訴我們,生活并沒(méi)有多大的不同。收音機(jī)可能也是如此。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)二三句“However,inthecaseofmusic...thewhistlingofthewind.”我們無(wú)法想象一個(gè)沒(méi)有音樂(lè)的世界,因?yàn)槲覀儫o(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻不被像鳥(niǎo)兒的歌唱和風(fēng)的呼嘯這樣悅耳的聲音環(huán)繞著。也就是說(shuō)我們的環(huán)境中存在著令人愉快的聲音。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworld...derivepleasurefrom.”沒(méi)有知識(shí)的傳播，沒(méi)有讀書(shū)帶來(lái)的樂(lè)趣，這將是一個(gè)黑暗并且不令人滿(mǎn)意的世界。bleakandcold陰暗寒冷；averysorryworld悲慘的世界；dreadfullyunsatisfying令人極度不滿(mǎn)意的；darkanddull黑暗沉悶的。選項(xiàng)C更接近原文。

5.根據(jù)第四段的倒數(shù)第三句“Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.”當(dāng)我們失去了音樂(lè)，我們也失去了內(nèi)心深處的一種表達(dá)——來(lái)自靈魂的表達(dá)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irresistible

B.irretrievable

C.irremissible

D.irreplaceable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘比賽只剩下五分鐘了但我們落后四分，所以這場(chǎng)比賽看上去已完全無(wú)法挽救了?！芍?yàn)楸确謶沂?，所以這場(chǎng)比賽的勝利己經(jīng)無(wú)法改變了。A選項(xiàng)irresistible“不可抵抗的”;irretrievable“不能彌補(bǔ)的”；C選項(xiàng)irremissible“無(wú)法逃避的”；D選項(xiàng)irreplaceable“不可替代的”。B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

ValetaYoung,81,aretireefromLodi,Calif.,suffersfromcongestiveheartfailureandrequiresalmostconstantmonitoring.Butshedoesn’thavetodriveanywheretogetit.Twiceadayshestepsontoaspecialelectronicscale.Answersafewyesornoquestionsviapushbuttonsonasmallattachedmonitorandpressesabuttonthatsendstheinformationtoanurse’sstationinSanAntonio,Texas.“It’salmostadirectlinktomydoctor,”saysYoung,whodescribesherselfascomputerilliteratebutsaysshehasnoproblemsusingtheequipment.

Youngisnottheonlypatientwhoisdealingwithherdoctorfromadistance.Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology,withmorethan25firmscompetingtomeasureremotely—andtransmitbyphone,Internetorthroughtheairwaves—everythingfrompatients’heartratestohowoftentheycough.

Promptedbothbytheriseinhealth-carecostsandtheincreasingcomputerizationofhealth-careequipment,doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.InMarch,St.FrancisUniversityinPittsburgh,Pa.,partneredwithacompanycalledBodyMediaonastudyinwhichruraldiabetespatientsusewirelessglucosemetersandarmbandsensorstomonitortheirdisease.Andlastfall,Yahoobeganofferingsubscriberstheabilitytocharttheirasthmaconditionsonline.UsingaPDA-sizerespiratorymonitorthatmeasureslungfunctionsinrealtimeande-mailsthedatedirectlytodoctors.

Suchhomemonitoring,saysDr.GeorgeDailey,aphysicianattheScrippsClinicinSanDiego,“couldsomedayreplacelessproductivewaysthatpatientstrack,changesintheirheartrte.Bloodsugar,lipidlevels,kidneyfunctionsandevenvision.”

Dr.TimothyMoore,executivevicepresidentofAlereMedical,whichproducedthesmartscalesthatYoungandmorethan10,000otherpatientsareusing,saysthatalmostanyvitalsigncould,intheory,bemonitoredfromhome.But,hewarns,thatmightnotalwaysmakegoodmedicalsense.Headvisesagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely,forexample,andalthoughheacknowledgesthatremotemonitoringofblood-sugarlevelsanddiabeticulcersontheskinmayhaverealvalue,hepointsoutthattherearenotrulyindependentstudiesthatestablishthevalueofhometestingfordiabetesorasthma.

Suchstudiesareneededbecausethetechnologyisstillinitsinfancyandmedicalexpertsaredividedaboutitsvalue.Butononethingtheyallagree:youshouldneverrelyonanyremotetestingsystemwithoutclearingitwithyourdoctor.

66.HowdoesYoungmonitorherhealthconditions?

67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTusedinremotemonitoring?

68.Theword“prompted”mostprobablymeans____.

69.WhyisDr.TimothyMooreagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely?

70.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Byestablishingadirectlinktoherdoctor.

B.Byansweringafewyesornoquestions.

C.Bysteppingonanelectronicscale.

D.Byusingremotemonitoringservice.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theairwaves

B.telephone

C.Internet

D.car

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.reminded

C.aroused

D.driven

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitsvaluehasnotbeenprovedbyscientificstudy.

B.Becauseitisalessproductivewayofmonitoring.

C.Becauseitdoesn’tmakegoodmedicalsense.

D.Becauseitisnotallowedbydoctors.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Computerilliterateisadvisednottouseremotemonitoring.

B.Thedevelopmentofremotemonitoringmarketisrathersluggish.

C.Remotemonitoringismainlyusedtotrackchronicdiseases.

D.Medicalexpertsagreeonthevalueofremotemonitoring.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】66.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“Young是如何監(jiān)測(cè)自己的健康狀況的？”A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)和她的醫(yī)生建立直接聯(lián)系”，可定位到第1段最后一句…It’salmostadirectlinktomydoctor…（……這幾乎和我的醫(yī)生有直接聯(lián)系……）；B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)回答幾個(gè)是或不是的問(wèn)題”,可定位到第1段第4句Answersafewyesornoquestionsviapushbuttons…（通過(guò)按鍵回答一些是或不是的問(wèn)題……）；C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)踩在電子秤上”,可定位到第1段第3句Twiceadayshestepsontoaspecialelectronicscale.（她每天兩次踏上一個(gè)特殊的電子秤。）；D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控服務(wù)”，可定位到第2段第1、2句Youngisnottheonlypatientwhoisdealingwithherdoctorfromadistance.Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology…（Young并不是唯一一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離醫(yī)生的病人。遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控是醫(yī)療技術(shù)中迅速發(fā)展的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。）綜上可以看出，Young是通過(guò)D選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控服務(wù)”來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)自己的健康狀況的，A、B、C選項(xiàng)均為遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控的具體措施。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

67.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“以下哪一項(xiàng)在遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控中不使用”，可定位到第2段最后一句Remotemonitoring…—andtransmitbyphone,Internetorthroughtheairwaves…（遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控……通過(guò)電話(huà)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或電視廣播傳輸……）由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“電視廣播”、B選項(xiàng)“電話(huà)”、C選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”都用到了，D選項(xiàng)“汽車(chē)”沒(méi)有用到。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

68.詞義推測(cè)題。題干“prompted這個(gè)詞的意思很可能是____”，可定位到第3段第1句Promptedbothbytheriseinhealth-carecostsandtheincreasingcomputerizationofhealth-careequipment,doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.（被醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用的增加和醫(yī)療保健設(shè)備電腦化程度的提高_(dá)___，醫(yī)生們使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控來(lái)跟蹤越來(lái)越多種類(lèi)的慢性病。）根據(jù)句意可知，“醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用的增加和醫(yī)療保健設(shè)備電腦化程度的提高”推動(dòng)了“醫(yī)生們使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控來(lái)跟蹤越來(lái)越多種類(lèi)的慢性病”，D選項(xiàng)“驅(qū)策”最符合句意。A選項(xiàng)“制造”、B選項(xiàng)“提醒”、C選項(xiàng)“引起”，不符合語(yǔ)境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

69.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“為什么TimothyMoore醫(yī)生反對(duì)遠(yuǎn)程做心電圖”，可定位到第5段第2句But,hewarns,thatmightnotalwaysmakegoodmedicalsense.Headvisesagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely,forexample…（但是，他提醒說(shuō)，這在醫(yī)學(xué)上可能并不總是合理的。例如，他建議不要遠(yuǎn)程做心電圖。）由此可知，他反對(duì)遠(yuǎn)程做心電圖是因?yàn)檫@么做在醫(yī)學(xué)上不合理，C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@在醫(yī)學(xué)上說(shuō)不通”表述正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗膬r(jià)值還沒(méi)有被科學(xué)研究證實(shí)”，可定位到第5段最后一句hepointsoutthattherearenotrulyindependentstudiesthatestablishthevalueofhometestingfordiabetesorasthma.（他指出，目前還沒(méi)有真正獨(dú)立的研究能夠確定糖尿病或哮喘家庭測(cè)試的價(jià)值。）由此可知，沒(méi)有被科學(xué)研究證實(shí)價(jià)值的是糖尿病或哮喘家庭測(cè)試，而非遠(yuǎn)程做心電圖，選項(xiàng)表述不正確，排除；

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@是一種效率較低的監(jiān)控方式”、D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@是醫(yī)生不允許的”原文并未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

70.判斷推理題。題干“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的?”A選項(xiàng)“不懂電腦的人最好不要使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控”，可定位到第1段最后一句…Young,whodescribesherselfascomputerilliteratebutsaysshehasnoproblemsusingtheequipment.（Young自稱(chēng)是電腦盲，但說(shuō)她使用這些設(shè)備沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。）由此可知，不懂電腦的人也可以使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除；B選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展相當(dāng)緩慢”，可定位到第2段第2句Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology…（遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控是醫(yī)療技術(shù)中迅速發(fā)展的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。）選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除；C選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)主要用于慢性病的跟蹤”，可定位到第3段第1句…doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.（醫(yī)生們正在使用遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控來(lái)追蹤越來(lái)越多種類(lèi)的慢性病。）由此可知，遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控主要用于慢性病，選項(xiàng)表述正確；D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)家認(rèn)同遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控的價(jià)值”，可定位到最后一段第1句…medicalexpertsaredividedaboutitsvalue.（醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)家對(duì)它的價(jià)值意見(jiàn)不一。）由此可知，有的專(zhuān)家認(rèn)同，有的專(zhuān)家不認(rèn)同，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

6.單選題

16-20

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heishavingaphysicalcheckup.

B.Hehasjustundergoneanoperation.

C.Hehasjustrecoveredfromanillness.

D.Hewillbedischargedfromthehospitalthisafternoon.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hegotaninfectioninthelungs.

B.Hehadhisgallbladderinflamed.

C.Hewassufferingfrominfluenza.

D.Hehaddevelopedabigkidneystone.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Abitbetter.

B.Terriblyawful.

C.Couldn'tbebetter.

D.Okay,butabitweak.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tobeconfinedtoawheelchair.

B.Tostayindoorsforacompleterecovery.

C.Tostayinbedanddrinkalotofwater.

D.Tomoveaboutandenjoythesunshine.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.From4p.m.to6p.m.

B.From5p.m.to7p.m.

C.From6p.m.to8p.m.

D.From7p.m.to9p.m.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】W:Hello.

M:Hello!

W:So,didyouhaveacomfortablenight?

M:No,notreally.

W:Sorrytohearthat.Andhowareyoufeelingatthemoment?

M:Abitbetter.

W:Youdon’tfeelsickatall?

M:No,I’mOK.

W:That’sgood!Areyouhavingsipsofwater?

M:No.

W:Wouldyoulikesome?

M:Well,Idon’treallyfeellike

W:Ah,youcan’tdrinkanythingatthemoment.

M:Thenurseshavebeengivingmemouthwashes.

W:Yes.Ithinkyoubegintopickupasthedaygoeson.Andwe’llcarryongivingyousomethingtoeasethediscomfort.Doesithurtmuch?

M:Well,itdoeswhenImoveabout.

W:Right.(19)Butthesoonerwehaveyouonthemove,thequickeryoustarttoheal.Sowe’llhelpyousitinthechairthisafternoon.Enjoythesunshine.

M:OK,Ican’tsayI’mreallylookingforwardtothat.

W:(17)YouhaveaprettybiggallstoneandtheGallbladderwasquiteinflamed.Therewasalotofinfectionarounditandinsideit.(16)Well,it’soutnow.Sononeedtoworryaboutit.Itwon’tcauseyouanymoretrouble.

M:Uh.

W:Anymorequestionsoranythingwecandoforyou?

M:No,IthinkI’mOK.(18)I’mfeelingabitofweakatthemoment.Whenwillmywifebeabletocomeandseeme?Thenursestoldmebefore,butIcan’tremember.

W:(20)Thevisitinghoursarefrom6to8intheevening.

M:OK,thankyou.She’llbeheretonightinthatcase.

W:Fine.I’llstopintoseeyoutomorrow.

M:Thankyou.

16.What’strueaboutthemanintheconversation?

【解析】女士說(shuō)“Well,it’soutnow.Sononeedtoworryaboutit.Itwon’tcauseyouanymoretrouble”可知，男士得了膽結(jié)石，而且膽囊發(fā)炎，但現(xiàn)在取出來(lái)了，所以是剛經(jīng)歷過(guò)手術(shù)。故選B。

17.Whatwaswrongwiththeman?

【解析】女士說(shuō)“Youhaveaprettybiggallstoneandthegallbladderwasquiteinflamed”，由此可知，他膽囊發(fā)炎了。故選B。

18.Howisthemanfeelingnow?

【解析】男士說(shuō)“I’mfeelingabitofweakatthemoment”，由此可知，病人仍舊感到虛弱。

19.What’sthemansupposedtodoaccordingtothedoctor’sorders?

【解析】女士說(shuō)“Butthesoonerwehaveyouonthemove,thequickeryoustarttoheal.Sowe’llhelpyousitinthechairthisafternoon.Enjoythesunshine”可知，男士會(huì)四處活動(dòng)一下。故選D。

20.What’sthehospital’svisitinghours?

【解析】女士“Thevisitinghoursarefrom6to8intheevening”可知，探訪(fǎng)時(shí)間是晚上6點(diǎn)到8點(diǎn)。故選C。

7.單選題

Wemustallowplentyoftimetogettotheairport——wecan’t（）ontheroadbeingclear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.draw

B.capitalize

C.gamble

D.decide

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。draw“畫(huà)，拉”；capitalize“估計(jì)…的價(jià)值”；gamble“打賭，冒險(xiǎn)”，gambleon對(duì)…打賭；decide“決定”。句意：我們必須保證足夠的時(shí)間到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)——我們不能打賭路上暢通無(wú)阻。C項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Foodsubsidiesarenecessaryforkeepingdownthepriceofdairyproductsandbread.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.controls

B.aids

C.accumulations

D.transformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)controls“控制；控制裝置”；B選項(xiàng)aids“艾滋病”；C選項(xiàng)accumulations“積聚，累積；堆積物”；D選項(xiàng)transformations“轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意：食品補(bǔ)貼對(duì)于壓低乳制品和面包的價(jià)格是必要的。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)keepingdowntheprice（壓低價(jià)格），得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emanation

B.emulsion

C.emulation

D.emancipation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emanation“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)emulsion“乳劑；乳液”；C選項(xiàng)emulation“仿真；效仿；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；D選項(xiàng)emancipation“解放；釋放”。句意：在美國(guó)本土，優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育、對(duì)新技術(shù)的開(kāi)放態(tài)度、對(duì)發(fā)明的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，以及空間思維天賦相互作用，造就了美國(guó)人的特征——競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thenewmiracleofthemedicalworldisthestemcell,amarvelofhumannatureinthatitcanbecomeanyofnearly220celltypesthatconstitutethehumanbody.Itisoftencalledablankcellthatcanbeprogrammedtobecomeothercells.Researcherspredictthat,byusingstemcells,theycancreateorgansthatcanbetransplantedintopeoplewhodesperatelyneedthemtosavetheirlives.Themostcommonsourceofstemcellsisthehumanembryo,theinitialstageofhumanlifeafterafemaleeggisimpregnatedbyamalesperm.InthisveryfactliesanethicalconundrumthathasrockedboththemedicalandpoliticallandscapeoftheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Coupledwiththisisnewresearchincloning,whichhasseensomesuccessindevelopinganimalspecieswithouttheuseofnormalbirthingprocedures.Alloftheseareasofresearcharemakingquiteafewpeoplenervousaboutboththesourcesofstemcellsandwheretheresearchistakingmankind.

Moststemcell-containingembryoscomefromfourdifferentsources:fertilityclinicswhichoftenstoremorehumanembryosthanareneeded;fetusesfromunwantedpregnanciesthatareaborted;therapeuticcloning,whichiswhenahumaneggisstimulatedintoanembryo-likestate;andcustom-fertilizationinwhichahumaneggisdeliberatelyfertilizedwithspermtocreateanembryoinordertoharvestitsstemcells.Morallymanypeopleareoutragedbythesesources,claimingthathumanlifeisnotsomethingthatshouldbetamperedwithandcreatedjustforscientificandmedicalpurposes.Atthecoreofthisdebateistheissueofwhatreallyconstitutesahumanbeing,withonesideclaimingahumandoesnotexistuntilbornfromitsmotherwhiletheothersideclaimsthatonceeggandspermmeet,lifehasbegun.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthastakenanacti