書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽中澳科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Drivingveryfastonarainynightisnot（

）withsafety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persistent

B.consistent

C.insistent

D.existent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與搭配用法。A選項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的；堅(jiān)持不懈的；持續(xù)的”；B選項(xiàng)consistent“一致的；始終如一的；堅(jiān)持的”；C選項(xiàng)insistent“堅(jiān)持的；迫切的；顯著的；引人注目的”；D選項(xiàng)existent“現(xiàn)存的；生存的”。句意：在雨夜開快車是不安全的?？崭窈笥衱ith，選項(xiàng)中只有consistentwith表示“符合，一致”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorlearning

B.inattention

C.tryingtolearntoofast

D.noneoftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.depression

B.mentalinactivity

C.lossofmemory

D.physicallyweak

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.

B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.

C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.

D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline

B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline

C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons

D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明，知識和推理能力并沒有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲是這樣，在60歲和70歲也是如此?！笨芍心耆撕屠夏耆说闹橇屯评砟芰缀鯖]有下降。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,muchofwhatwecall‘lossofmemory’isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.然而，我們所謂的‘失憶’，其實(shí)根本不是這樣的。它們通常首先是不完整的學(xué)習(xí)。例如，老年人可能聽力不好，或視力不好，或注意力不集中，或試圖以太快的速度學(xué)習(xí)新事物?！笨芍坝洃泦适А备揪蜎]有這回事。A、B、C三項(xiàng)是導(dǎo)致看似記憶力下降的原因。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor‘senility’.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.在老年人的大腦似乎真的在衰退的情況下，這并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的跡象。通常這只是抑郁情緒的一種表現(xiàn)?！笨芍吐淝榫w是導(dǎo)致老年人的大腦看似衰退的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一、二句“Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.但是請注意，當(dāng)一個(gè)年輕人失去什么東西時(shí)，他不會(huì)責(zé)怪衰老或失憶。他找了一些其他的借口?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“在美國，年輕人從來不會(huì)因?yàn)樗ダ匣蚴浂ト魏螙|西?！闭_。A項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到，衰老比我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為的要普遍得多”；B項(xiàng)“對136對雙胞胎的長期研究表明，多年來唯一下降的因素是心理運(yùn)動(dòng)速度”；D項(xiàng)“賈維克博士的研究表明，老年人的大腦似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)衰退”都與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。本文開頭提出人們對大腦的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識，即隨著年齡增長，理解力和記憶力下降，大腦衰退。隨后介紹了Dr.Jarvik的研究結(jié)果。即衰老并不會(huì)影響人的智力。接下來的內(nèi)容均圍繞該主題展開。故B項(xiàng)“老年加速心智衰退”正確。

3.單選題

Withonlyabout1000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’smovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk”.

Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryotransferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit’sverymuchlikewhatwe’reattemptinghereatTexasA&M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction.”

Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.

Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.

Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.

Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.

“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.

“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”

1.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto（）.

2.Theword“groundbreaking”(Paragraph7)canbeinterpreted（）.

3.WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer?

4.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implantembryointoahostanimal

B.salutetheChineseeffortsinsavingpandas

C.saveendangeredanimalsfromextinction

D.introducecellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.essentiallynew

B.pioneering

C.evolutionary

D.epoch-making

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lackofavailablepandaeggs.

B.Lackofhostanimals.

C.Lackofqualifiedresearchers.

D.Lackoffunds.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.China-theNativePlaceofPandasForever

B.China’sEffortstoClonePandas

C.China’sFirstClonedPanda

D.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“aim”可以定位到文章第三段Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.（諾亞方舟的目標(biāo)是收集瀕危動(dòng)物的卵子、胚胎、精液和DNA，并將它們儲存在液氮中。如果某些物種滅絕，克雷默說，未來將會(huì)有足夠的基本構(gòu)件來重新引入這個(gè)物種。），說明諾亞方舟項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是拯救瀕危動(dòng)物。因此C選項(xiàng)“拯救瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物”正確。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“implantembryo”可以定位到文章第五段最后一句Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.（他們現(xiàn)在正試圖將胚胎植入宿主動(dòng)物體內(nèi)。），這是中國科學(xué)家的做法，不是諾亞方舟項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)，所以A選項(xiàng)“將胚胎植入宿主動(dòng)物體內(nèi)”錯(cuò)誤。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“salute”可以定位到文章第二段第一句hesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.（他對中國的努力表示敬意，并說“我祝愿他們?nèi)〉米詈玫某晒??！保@是克雷默博士對中國拯救大熊貓努力的態(tài)度，而不是諾亞方舟項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)，所以B選項(xiàng)“向中國拯救大熊貓的努力致敬”錯(cuò)誤。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“introducecells”可以定位到文章第五段第一句ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.（中國科學(xué)家表示，他們將一只死去的雌性熊貓的細(xì)胞引入一只日本白兔的卵細(xì)胞中，培育出了一個(gè)胚胎。），這是中國科學(xué)家的做法，不是諾亞方舟項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)，所以D選項(xiàng)“將死亡雌性熊貓的細(xì)胞導(dǎo)入日本白兔的卵細(xì)胞”錯(cuò)誤。

2.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“groundbreaking”可以定位到文章第七段第三句Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.（這需要很長時(shí)間，也很困難，但如果成功的話，這可能將會(huì)成為科學(xué)史上的開拓。），這是科學(xué)上的一次開創(chuàng)性舉措，因此B選項(xiàng)“首創(chuàng)的；先驅(qū)的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“本質(zhì)上新的”，C選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)化的”，D選項(xiàng)“劃時(shí)代的”均沒有開創(chuàng)、先驅(qū)的意思，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“majorproblem”可以定位到文章第七段第一句“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.（克雷默認(rèn)為：“將一個(gè)物種的細(xì)胞核移植到另一個(gè)物種并不容易，而且缺乏可用的熊貓卵子可能是一個(gè)主要問題?！保┱f明克隆大熊貓的主要問題是缺乏熊貓的卵子。因此A選項(xiàng)“缺少可用的熊貓卵子”正確。B選項(xiàng)“缺乏宿主動(dòng)物”，C選項(xiàng)“缺乏合格的研究人員”，D選項(xiàng)“缺乏資金”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要圍繞中國開展的克隆大熊貓的項(xiàng)目展開，首先說到中國克隆大熊貓的努力和諾亞方舟項(xiàng)目很相似，接著介紹了中國嘗試克隆大熊貓的具體舉措，最后說到這項(xiàng)研究是很值得、很有必要的。因此B選項(xiàng)“中國克隆大熊貓的努力”最適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“中國——熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)”沒有說到中國正在努力克隆熊貓，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“中國第一只克隆熊貓”，中國現(xiàn)在還沒有成功克隆出熊貓，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“探索克隆熊貓的可能性”沒有提到中國做出的努力，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

4.單選題

Conductingscientificresearchonthismostchallengingofgroupscanbecomparedtoviewingawhalethroughakeyhole.Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.Someday—perhapsinthenexthundredyearswemayhaveapicture-window-sizedkeyholeandwillfinallyseewhatthewholewhalelookslike.Buteventhentheenigmaofthewhalewillstand,undecided,beforeus.

Ihavebeenstudyingwhalescontinuouslysince1967.Oneofthedelightsofthatexperiencehasbeendiscoveringthatthereisnowaytogetawhaletoadoptahumantimescale.Thisisnomorepossiblethanitwouldbeforahumantoadoptaweasel'sspeedofliving.Whalesareunhurriable.It’soneoftheirmostendearingtrails.Nowhereisthismoreengaginglyseenthanintryingtofigureoutwhatawhaleisdoingwhenwhatyouarewatchingis,forexample,play,butyouhavenotyetfiguredthatout.Thedifficultycomesfromthefactthatoneofthemajorcluestothefunctionofabehaviorpatternistherhythmofitsoccurrence.Becausewecommonlyassociateplaywithquickmotions,thekeytobeingabletorecognizeplayinwhalesislearningtothinkdifferently—intermsoflong,slowrhythms,wherethingsoccurverylingeringly(itwouldbeacomparableproblemtolearntorecognizeplayinsnails,orsloths,ortortoises).Tounderstandwhalesonemustbedeeplypatient,mustslowwaydownandbecontenttoobservepassivelyforalongtime.Onlyattheendofadaymayonesaytooneself,“Nowletmesee;whatdidIsee?Well,Isawthewhaledothis,andthenitdidthis…andthenthisandthenForheaven’ssake,itwasplayIwaslookingat.”Inordertoobservewhales,youmustbewillingtosetyourmetronomeonadagio.Then,tounderstandwhatyouhaveseen,youmustfast-forwardthroughyourobservationsbysettingyourmetronometoallegro.

Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist.Iworkedinneurophysiologyandbehavioranddidexperimentsonhowbatsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichsoundiscoming,howowlslocatetheirpreyintotaldarknessbyhearingit,andhowmothsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichabatisapproaching(sotheycanmakeevasivemaneuverstoavoidit).WhenIstartedstudyingwhales—agroupofspeciesuponwhichitisallbutimpossibletoexperiment—IworriedwhetherIwouldfindtheworkstimulatingenoughorwhetheritwouldseenboringsimplyobserving,withouteverbeingabletomanipulateanythingordoanexperiment.Ihadenjoyedexperimentalwork—atthattimeofmylifeIlikedmanipulatingthings—yetIhadverylittleideaofhowtomakegood,passivefieldobservations.ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.InPara.1,thephrase"sparksandsmoke"primarilyservestosuggest（

）.

3.InPara.2,theauthortreatsplayas（

）.

4.Thereferenceto“Thesonnetform"(line57)primarilyservesto（

）.

5.ThelastparagraphdescribesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revealhowabiologistbecameinterestedinwhaleresearch

B.describeonescientist’sexperienceofworkingwithwhales

C.discussthewaysinwhichwhalesaresimilartoothermammals

D.highlightthedangersinvolvedwhenconductingwhaleresearch

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thatadirectapproachisfutile

B.thatsciencecanseemmagical

C.howdangeroustheworkcanbe

D.howvigoroustheeffortshavebeen

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.atypeofbehaviorthatincertainspeciesmaynotinitiallybeseenforwhatitis

B.acharacteristicallyhumanbehaviorthatissurprisingtofindinanimalslikewhales

C.apparentlypurposelessbehaviorthatmayneverthelessserveanimportantfunction

D.behaviorfoundinmanyspeciesbutinformsthatdefycomparisonbetweenspecies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizetheneedtodiscardoutmodedconstraints

B.illustratehowconcisenesscanenhancecommunication

C.conveyasenseofappreciationforanapparentlimitation

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofatypeofscientificobservation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theresearchtheauthordidbeforeturningtothestudyofwhales

B.theauthor’smotivationforchoosingwhalesasasubjectforresearch

C.thechangeinmethodologythatworkingwithwhalesrequiredoftheauthor

D.theauthor’sconcernabouthavingtheabilitytoconductadifferenttypeofresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】

1.本題詢問這篇文章的寫作目的。A項(xiàng)意為“為了揭示一個(gè)生物學(xué)家是如何對鯨魚研究感興趣的”；B項(xiàng)意為“描述了一個(gè)科學(xué)家與鯨魚一起工作的經(jīng)歷”；C項(xiàng)意為“討論了在哪些方面鯨魚和其他哺乳類動(dòng)物相似”；D項(xiàng)意為“為了突出進(jìn)行鯨魚研究工作中存在的危險(xiǎn)”。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是一個(gè)記敘文，作者描述了自從1967年以來就一直在研究鯨魚。那段經(jīng)歷的一個(gè)愉快之處就是發(fā)現(xiàn)我們永遠(yuǎn)也沒有可能讓鯨魚去使用人類的時(shí)間觀。B選項(xiàng)更符合題意。

2.“sparksandsmoke”本意為“火花和煙霧”。A項(xiàng)意為“一個(gè)直接的方法是徒勞的”；B項(xiàng)意為“科學(xué)看起來似乎很神奇”；C項(xiàng)意為“這項(xiàng)工作有多么危險(xiǎn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“有多么的努力”。根據(jù)劃線句所在的這一句話‘Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.當(dāng)我們拼命地想弄清楚這到底是什么東西的時(shí)候，這種動(dòng)物的龐大身軀不時(shí)地從我們身邊滑過。盡管有許多火花和煙霧，我們到目前為止只完成了這個(gè)鑰匙孔的一個(gè)小的擴(kuò)大?！_定作者要表達(dá)的意思是盡管付出了種種努力，到目前為止我們也不過就相當(dāng)于把那個(gè)鑰匙孔擴(kuò)大了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。所以劃線詞是與“努力”有關(guān)的，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.A項(xiàng)意為“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”；B項(xiàng)意為“一個(gè)典型的能在鯨魚等動(dòng)物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的令人驚訝的人類行為”；C項(xiàng)意為“顯然無益的行為卻可能發(fā)揮著重要的作用”;D項(xiàng)意為“在許多物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)但是以違背物種之間進(jìn)行的對比的一種形式存在的行為”。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，一個(gè)行為模式的作用最大的線索之一是它出現(xiàn)的節(jié)奏。因?yàn)槲覀兺ǔ?huì)把玩耍和快速的行動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起，能夠意識到鯨魚在玩耍的關(guān)鍵就在于要有不同的思維，它們玩耍要有更長，更緩慢的節(jié)奏，動(dòng)作更加地綿延遲緩。故所以A選項(xiàng)“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章最后三句話‘ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.但我很快就意識到，通過被動(dòng)的觀察來發(fā)現(xiàn)事物能帶來更大的回報(bào)。我很快意識到，被動(dòng)觀察所帶來的約束比實(shí)驗(yàn)工作所帶來的約束更具挑戰(zhàn)性。它更像是十四行詩形式的限制，使得寫詩變得精致而富有挑戰(zhàn)性。被動(dòng)觀察需要一種更微妙的思維方式，其結(jié)果可能是十四行詩，而不是民謠?！鶕?jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“passive”觀察，也就是受限制的觀察，C選項(xiàng)“傳達(dá)了對一個(gè)明顯的限制的贊賞”更符合題意。

5.根據(jù)最后一段開頭‘Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist…在我生物學(xué)生涯的頭十年里，我是一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)主義者?！_定A選項(xiàng)‘“作者在開始從事鯨魚研究之前的調(diào)查”’有涉及；由這一段后文內(nèi)容ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations...可知作者提到了在做鯨魚的研究工作時(shí)需要翻遍方法以及自己對不同的充滿挑戰(zhàn)的研究方法的關(guān)注，確定C選項(xiàng)“和鯨魚工作時(shí)所需要的方法的變化”和D選項(xiàng)“作者關(guān)心的是是否有能力進(jìn)行不同類型的研究”兩項(xiàng)有涉及；但B選項(xiàng)“作者選擇鯨魚作為研究的主題的動(dòng)機(jī)”作者并沒有提到，所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears,bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents-untilitappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow

（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdiffidencefromtheprefrontalcortex

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind

B.developintohappydreams

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogress

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第四句話提到“一位權(quán)威專家認(rèn)為夢這種極度強(qiáng)烈的精神活動(dòng)不僅能被控制，而且是有意識地控制，幫助我們?nèi)胨⑶腋杏X更好”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter，因此選項(xiàng)A“可以被更改”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是“通過提到大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)，作者想要說明什么問題”。文章第二段提到limbicsystem(大腦邊緣系統(tǒng))是情緒大腦（emotionalbrain），因此可以推斷出作者在此處是想說明情緒與做夢之間的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段第二句話提到“在上半夜往往會(huì)做不好的夢，然后再睡醒前夢開始變好。這種情況暗示人們在夢里解決白天產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面情緒”（Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday），由此可知不好的感覺出現(xiàn)在入睡的較早階段。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段提到“做夢的過程不一定是無意識的。Cartwright認(rèn)為我們可以練習(xí)有意識地控制不斷出現(xiàn)的噩夢。醒來后確定在夢中令你苦惱的事情，設(shè)想一下你想要的結(jié)局，等下次它再次出現(xiàn)，嘗試在正好能控制它的過程的時(shí)候醒過來”（Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse），既然我們能夠控制做夢的進(jìn)程，說明夢境不一定是無意識的，而有可能是做夢的人有意識而為之。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段第一句提到我們可能根本沒有關(guān)注我們的夢（there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatall）；最后三句提到只有那些長期受噩夢折磨的人需要去咨詢理療師的建議，其他人的大腦可以自動(dòng)消除不良情緒（thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings），也就是說按照往常那樣來生活就可，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Theydidnotrealizethattheyhad（）acrimebycuttingdownthetree.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.performed

B.undertaken

C.made

D.committed

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。perform“履行”;undertake“從事”;make“制造”;commit“犯罪，承諾”。句意：他們沒有意識到砍樹這件事情使他們犯罪了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thefrontmatterofabookconsistsofthetitle,subtitle,tableofcontents,andpre-face.Butthe（1）ofreaderswhopaynoattentiontothesignalsislargerthanyoumightexpect,unlessyouhappentobeoneofthosewhoare（2）toadmitit.Ihavethisexpe-rienceagainandagain（3）students.Ihaveaskedthem（4）abookwasabout.Ihaveaskedthemtotellme,inthemostgeneral（5）,whatsortofbookitwas.This,Ihave（6）,

isagoodway,almostanindispensable（7）,tobeginadiscussion.Manystudentsare（8）toanswerthisfirstandsimplestquestionaboutthebook.Sometimestheyapologize（9）thattheyhaven’tfinishedreadingityet,and（10）donoknow.That’sno（11）,Ipointout.Didyoulookatthetitle?Didyoustudythe（12）?Didyoureadthepreface（13）introduction?No，theydidnot.Thefrontmatterofabook（14）tobelikethetickingofaclock,（15）younoticeonlywhenitisnotthere.

Onereasonwhytitlesandprefacesare（16）bysomanyreadersisthattheydonotthink（71）importanttoclarifythebooktheyarereading，Theydonotfollowthisfirst（18）.Iftheytriedtofollowit,they（19）begratefultotheauthor（20）them.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.majority

B.amount

C.number

D.figure

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toohonest

B.enoughhonest

C.honestenough

D.sohonest

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.in

C.from

D.over.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whatkind

B.allthat

C.what

D.which

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.words

B.expressions

C.phrases

D.terms

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.known

C.understood

D.found

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.subject

C.thing

D.manner

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.able

B.failing

C.unable

D.incapable

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.bysaying

B.forsaying

C.tosay

D.saying

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.therefore

C.so

D.otherwise

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.sense

C.excuse

D.reason

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.chapters

B.contents

C.index

D.appendix

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.with

C.or

D.also

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.happens

B.appears

C.used

D.looks

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.something

C.which

D.nothing

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.ignored

B.forgotten

C.missed

D.escaped

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.this

B.that

C.it

D.so

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.rule

B.example

C.advice

D.suggestion

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.will

B.would

C.need

D.should

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.tohelp

B.forhelping

C.inhelping

D.helping

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:B

【解析】1.句意：不關(guān)注這些信息的讀者數(shù)量要比人們預(yù)想的多。C選項(xiàng)number意為“數(shù)字，數(shù)量”，thenumberof后面接可數(shù)名詞readers，意為“讀者的數(shù)量”。其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)majority多數(shù)；B選項(xiàng)amount數(shù)量，總額，theamountof后面接不可數(shù)名詞；D選項(xiàng)figure意為“數(shù)字，算術(shù)”，不符合句意。

2.句意：足夠誠實(shí)地承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。enough修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)應(yīng)該后置，C項(xiàng)正確。

3.句意：我在學(xué)生這方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。haveanexperiencewith為固定搭配，意為“在……方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，A項(xiàng)正確。

4.C選項(xiàng)what意為“什么”，與文意相符，在此表示：我問學(xué)生書里寫的是什么內(nèi)容。

5.空格處填入terms，句意變?yōu)椋何乙笏麄兏叨雀爬ㄒ幌逻@本書的歸類。ingeneralterms意為“概括地，籠統(tǒng)地”。

6.句意：我這是一個(gè)很好的方法。A選項(xiàng)thought以為，認(rèn)為，與句意相符，應(yīng)選A。其他三項(xiàng)中，known知道；understood懂，理解；found發(fā)現(xiàn)，都與句意不符。

7.空格所在句是說一種不可或缺的、即將討論的。而且空格前面提到的agoodway。way方法，手段；subject主題，學(xué)科；thing事件；manner方式，舉止，禮貌，A項(xiàng)way符合句意。

8.句意：很多學(xué)生回答這個(gè)首要而最簡單的問題。able能夠的，有能力的；failing失敗，不成功；unable不會(huì)的，無能力的；incapable無能力的。因此，從意義上來講，unable和incapable都符合句意。但是，unable才可以和to搭配使用，incapable后面應(yīng)接介詞of。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。

9.空格所在句是說有時(shí)他們道歉說還沒有完成閱讀?？崭裉帒?yīng)為bysaying。apologizefor意為“為某事道歉”，所以不能選B項(xiàng)。

10.句意：說他們沒有完成閱讀，不知道。then那時(shí)，然后；therefore因此；so因此，后面引導(dǎo)完整句子；otherwise否則，因此，B項(xiàng)therefore符合句意。

11.空格前后句意：學(xué)生沒有完成閱讀，因此不知道。我認(rèn)為，不要找借口。C選項(xiàng)excuse意為“借口，理由，辯解”，與句意相符。

12.空格所在句前一句提到title（標(biāo)題）嗎，后一句又提到preface（前言），據(jù)此推測，此處應(yīng)該為B項(xiàng)contents（目錄）。

13.空格連接的introduction和preface這兩個(gè)名詞均有“前言，引言”之意，因此C選項(xiàng)or“或者”放在空格處比較合適。

14.句意：書的正面是時(shí)鐘的嘀嗒聲。happensto碰巧；appearto看來像是；usedto過去常常；lookto朝（某物）看去，面對，依靠。因此，選項(xiàng)Bappearto符合句意。

15.which放在空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。句意：只有當(dāng)它不在時(shí)你才會(huì)注意到。

16.句意：標(biāo)題和前言被讀者的原因就在于……。ignored忽視；forgotten忘記；missed錯(cuò)過；escaped躲過，因此，A項(xiàng)ignored符合句意。

17.it在空格處作形式賓語，此處句意：他們認(rèn)為有關(guān)書的闡釋并不重要。

18.句意：他們不愿遵循這一首要。rule規(guī)則，原則；example榜樣；advice建議；suggestion建議。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.句意：說如果他們嘗試這么做了，他們就會(huì)感謝作者的幫助。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，所以B項(xiàng)would比較合適。

20.這里考查固定搭配。begratefultosb.forsth.意為“因……感謝某人”，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

V.CivilandCommercialLaw

Theabsenceofprivityofcontractprecludedapersonfromrecoveringagainstanegligentactorwhocausedthatpersonharm,whereverthenegligentactconstitutedabreachofcontractwithsomeoneelse.TheHouseofLordsinD