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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
WhenthePacificWarbrokeout,Edwardwasdraftedbynavyandservedfourfullyearsonabigaircraftcarrier.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.enlisted
B.mobilized
C.approved
D.attracted
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。draft“起草;制定;征募”;A選項(xiàng)enlist“征募;贊助”;B選項(xiàng)mobilize“動(dòng)員;調(diào)動(dòng);使……流通”;C選項(xiàng)approve“批準(zhǔn);贊成”;D選項(xiàng)attract“吸引;引起”。句意:太平洋戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時(shí),愛德華應(yīng)征入伍,在一艘大型航空母艦上服役了整整四年。由題干中的“servedfourfullyearsonabigaircraftcarrier在一艘大的航空母艦上服役了整整四年”可知wasdrafted在這里是“被征募”的意思,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Technologicaldevelopments()newskillsinmanyindustries,leavingthoseworkerswithoutdatedskillsoutofwork.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.necessitate
B.associate
C.negotiate
D.differentiate
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)necessitate“使成為必要,需要”,B選項(xiàng)associate“聯(lián)想,聯(lián)系”,C選項(xiàng)negotiate“談判,商議”,D選項(xiàng)differentiate“區(qū)分,使有差別”。句意:技術(shù)的發(fā)展使許多行業(yè)產(chǎn)生了新技能,使那些擁有過時(shí)技能的工人失業(yè)。因此,A選項(xiàng)符合句意。
3.單選題
Idecidedtoquitthejobbecauseitis(
)tolistentoourboss’sconstantcomplaints.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.delightful
B.sensational
C.preventive
D.irksome
【答案】D
【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。Delightful“高興的”;sensational“轟動(dòng)的”;preventive“預(yù)防性的”;irksome“令人厭煩的”。句意:我決定辭職因?yàn)閰挓┝死习宄掷m(xù)不斷的抱怨。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
4.單選題
Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotabout________complimentstohispoliticalleaders.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.paying
B.havingpaid
C.topay
D.tohavepaid
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:馬林是一個(gè)有獨(dú)立思考能力的年輕人,他對(duì)他的政治領(lǐng)袖阿諛奉承。根據(jù)固定搭配“beabouttodo”,排除A,B選項(xiàng)。句子中的時(shí)態(tài)用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以后面的句子沒有必要用完成時(shí)。
5.單選題
Nyearguesthattheinterestsoftheinternationalcommunityarenotillusory,thattheyare()ofournationalinterests,whichcannotbeachievedwithouthelpfromothernations.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.particle
B.partandparcel
C.particles
D.partsandparcels
【答案】B
【解析】名詞詞義辨析和固定搭配。particle“顆?!?;partandparcel“必要部分”;particles“顆粒(復(fù)數(shù))”;沒有partsandparcels用法。句意:Nye認(rèn)為國際社會(huì)的利益并不是幻影,它們是我們國家利益的必要部分,沒有沒有其他國家的幫助,無法達(dá)到目的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
6.單選題
Parentsoftenfacedthe()betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.junction
B.paradox
C.premise
D.dilemma
【答案】D
【解析】名詞辨析。句意:父母經(jīng)常面臨這樣的
:是做自己認(rèn)為對(duì)孩子發(fā)展有利的事情還是坐視孩子毫無紀(jì)律的吵鬧和破壞。
junction接合點(diǎn),會(huì)合點(diǎn);paradox悖論,自相矛盾的人或事;premise前提,假設(shè);dilemma困境,進(jìn)退兩難。空格后有“between...and...”,因此這里說的是父母在教育孩子時(shí)陷入進(jìn)退兩難的境況,D項(xiàng)dilemma符合句意。
7.單選題
Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuch___bythesuddenoutbreakoftheepidemic.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.intervened
B.insulated
C.hampered
D.pampered
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intervened“介入(intervene的過去式和過去分詞)”;B選項(xiàng)insulated“有隔熱(或隔音、絕緣)保護(hù)的”;C選項(xiàng)hampered“受阻礙的”;D選項(xiàng)pampered“飲食過量的;飲食奢侈的”。句意:這種流行病的突然爆發(fā)并沒有給當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)帶來多大的___。本句表達(dá)“當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)并沒有受阻礙”,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay()fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.takecontrol
B.takeplace
C.takeup
D.takeover
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組固定搭配。takeoverfrom“取而代之”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
9.單選題
Studiesoftheeffectthatmakesmanyofusslumberorfeelsleepyduringthequeen’sSpeechonChristmasDayhaverevealedthatchangesmayberequiredinBritain’sdrinkdrivelegislation.
Dr.JamesHorne,directoroftheSleepResearchLaboratoryatLoughboroughUniversity,isinvestigatingpose-lunchsleepiness.“Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.”
Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.
“Hotenvironmentsmakeitworseandmanycultureslivingneartheequator”,saysDr.Home,“haveconcededtotheinevitable,wheretheafternoonsiestaisthewayoflife.”
InthisstudyDr.Homehasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofalcohol.“Thetheoryisthatifyouaremoresleepyafterlunchthenitfiguresthatalcoholwillbemorepotentafterlunch.Onewouldfigurethenthatapintofbeeratlunchtimehasmoreeffectthanintheevening,whenpeoplearemorealert.Indeed,wefindthatithasabouttwicetheeffect.”
Thishasmoresinisterimplications.“Ifpeopletakealcoholuptothelegaldrivinglimit,theirperformanceisseriouslyimpairedafterlunch.”Hesaid.
Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.
“Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.”saidDr.Horne.
ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”
26.ItisimpliedthatBritishpeople().
27.()takearestinthehotafternoonsun.
28.Mostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimebecause().
29.Accordingtothepassage,ifyousleepmorethan15minutesafterlunch,().
30.Itcanbeinferredthat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.liketotakeashortnapafterlunch
B.don’ttakeashortnapafterlunch
C.don’tfeelsleepyafterlunch
D.liketosleeptwiceaday
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Allanimalsinthebush
B.Theremnantofthesameprimevalprogramming
C.Thesameprimevalprogramming
D.Allanimalsintheworld
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.alcoholwillbelesspotentafterlunch
B.apintofbeeratlunchtimeisequivalenttoaquartintheevening,itcauseafternoonsleepiness
C.peoplearemorealertatlunchtime
D.itisnotlegaltodrinkatlunchtime
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.youwillberefreshed
B.youwillbewakenup
C.youwillfeelfarsleepier
D.youwilltakeacatnap
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Peoplearenotallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening
B.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening
C.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkoutpintatlunch-time
D.None
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】26.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的最后一句Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.(我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該每天睡兩次,一次在晚上,一次在午餐后小睡片刻,但在這個(gè)世界的一部分地方,我們傾向于克制午睡。)以及最后一段的段首ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.(對(duì)于那些認(rèn)真收聽女王演講的人,霍姆醫(yī)生建議進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng),在臉上噴點(diǎn)涼風(fēng)或冷水,或者喝杯咖啡。否則,就打個(gè)盹吧。)由此可以推理出午睡是英國人實(shí)在沒有辦法克服睡意后,才會(huì)進(jìn)行的事情。因此A選項(xiàng)“喜歡午飯后小睡一會(huì)兒”不符合題意,可排除。同理可排除D選項(xiàng)“喜歡一天睡兩次”,B選項(xiàng)“午飯后不會(huì)小睡”符合題意,正確。C選項(xiàng)“午飯后不會(huì)覺得困”,原文中說到Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.(它是一種原始程序的殘余物,與使灌木叢里的所有動(dòng)物會(huì)在炎熱的午后陽光下休息來保存能量是一樣的道理。),可以知道在午后有睡意是人之常情。由此可知C選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。故選B。
27.客觀事實(shí)題。定位到原文Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.(它是一種原始程序的殘余物,與使灌木叢里的所有動(dòng)物會(huì)在炎熱的午后陽光下休息來保存能量是一樣的道理。)由此可知會(huì)在炎熱午后陽光下休息的是灌木叢里的所有動(dòng)物。因此A選項(xiàng)“所有在灌木叢里的動(dòng)物”,符合題意,正確。B選項(xiàng)“同一種原始程序的殘余”這是對(duì)灌木叢里所有動(dòng)物會(huì)在午后陽光下休息的解釋。C選項(xiàng)“同樣的原始程序”,D選項(xiàng)“世界上所有的動(dòng)物”。B,C,D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,故選A。
28.推理判斷題。定位在文中的第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.(似乎酒精與睡眠的晝夜節(jié)律相互作用,導(dǎo)致下午犯困,以至于午餐時(shí)間的一品脫的量相當(dāng)于晚上的一夸脫的量。)可以推論出午后飲酒會(huì)讓人更加容易犯困。A選項(xiàng)“午餐后酒精效果不強(qiáng)”,表述錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“午餐時(shí)間喝一品脫啤酒相當(dāng)于晚上喝一夸脫啤酒,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致下午犯困”符合題意,正確。C選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谖绮蜁r(shí)間更警覺”與題意無關(guān),可排除。D選項(xiàng)“在午餐時(shí)間飲酒是不合法的”定位到原文的第八段Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.(出于這個(gè)原因,大多數(shù)司機(jī)在午餐時(shí)間根本不應(yīng)該喝酒,并且合法的血液酒精含量限制并不是安全駕駛的指南。)午餐后喝酒并不違法,只是超過合法的血液酒精含量行駛會(huì)不安全,干擾項(xiàng)可排除。故選B。
29.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在文章中的最后一句Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”(但這應(yīng)該不到15分鐘。否則,睡意真的就到來了,當(dāng)你醒來時(shí)會(huì)感到非?;杌栌?,比你剛開始更困。)由此可以推出當(dāng)一個(gè)人午休時(shí)長超過15分鐘后,會(huì)更疲憊,睡意更濃。因此C選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)覺得更困”符合題意,正確。A選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)精神煥發(fā)”,B選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)被喚醒”,D選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)小憩一下”。A,B,D選項(xiàng)與題意不符。故選C。
30.推理判斷題。定位在文中第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.(似乎酒精與睡眠的晝夜節(jié)律相互作用,導(dǎo)致下午犯困,以至于午餐時(shí)間的一品脫的量相當(dāng)于晚上的一夸脫的量。)第八段第一句Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtime…(正因?yàn)槿绱?,大多?shù)司機(jī)在午餐時(shí)間根本不應(yīng)該喝酒)。由此可推論出午餐時(shí)間是不能喝酒的,由此可以排除C選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谖绮蜁r(shí)間喝完酒后仍然可以開車”。A選項(xiàng)“在晚上喝了一夸脫的酒后是不允許開車的”,不允許開車的飲酒量是午餐后的一品脫與晚餐后的一夸脫。同理可推論出晚餐喝了一夸脫酒后是不允許開車的。故A選項(xiàng)符合題意,正確。同理可排除B選項(xiàng)“在晚上喝了一夸脫的酒后開車仍是被允許的”。D選項(xiàng)“無”,按照句意我們推理出了晚上喝酒量達(dá)到一夸脫也是不允許開車的,可排除。故選A。
10.單選題
IlookedatMumandthought(
)shewasasniceasshelookedmaybeallourliveswouldhavebeenbetter.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.onlyif
B.ifonly
C.evenif
D.eventhough
【答案】B
【解析】考察固定搭配。onlyif只有;evenif=eventhough即使;ifonly“要是……就”;句意為:我注視著母親,心想:要是她像看上去那么和藹可親就好了,這樣我們的生活也許會(huì)變得更好。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
11.單選題
AstherewasnotenoughmoneytoburyalldeadAIDSorphans,23babieswereinterredinamodestcemeteryinSouthAfricabeforeWorldAIDSDay.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.parentlesschildren
B.miserablevictims
C.contagiousbodies
D.infectiouspatient
【答案】A
【解析】查名詞詞義辨析。句意:由于沒有足夠的錢安葬所有患艾滋病去世的……,23名嬰兒在世界艾滋病日之前被安葬在南非一個(gè)不起眼的墓地里。parentlesschildren“沒有父母的孩子”;miserablevictims“可憐的受害者”;contagiousbodies“傳染性的身體”;infectiouspatient“傳染病患者”。劃線單詞的意思是“孤兒”,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
12.單選題
Whatamazesmeishercompletedisregardforanyone.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ignorance
B.bias
C.focus
D.emphasis
【答案】A
【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ignorance“無知,愚昧,不知,不懂,忽視”;B選項(xiàng)bias“偏見,偏愛,斜紋”;C選項(xiàng)focus“焦點(diǎn),中心,清晰;焦距”;D選項(xiàng)emphasis“重點(diǎn),強(qiáng)調(diào),加強(qiáng)語氣”。句意:使我吃驚的是她對(duì)任何人都漠不關(guān)心。Disregard“忽視,無視,不尊重”,A選項(xiàng)與該詞詞義最相近,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Theirreflexivemindsettellsscientiststhatallclaims,()political,moral,orreligious,areopentoexaminationandcritique.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.bethey
B.howevertheyare
C.nomattertheyare
D.whethertheybe
【答案】A
【解析】語法知識(shí)題。本題考查讓步狀語從句。whether和nomatter都可以引導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)C不能和or搭配,選項(xiàng)D為虛擬語氣,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
14.單選題
TheCIAchiefnotedlastmonth,“TherearealotofthingsthatIrandoesthattendsto()terrorism,andtheystillaretheleadingstatesponsorofterrorismintheworld.”
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.fasten
B.flatter
C.fascinate
D.facilitate
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)fasten表示“使固定,集中于”;B選項(xiàng)flatter表示“奉承,諂媚”;C選項(xiàng)fascinate表示“使著迷,使神魂顛倒”;D選項(xiàng)facilitate表示“促進(jìn),幫助,使容易”。
由后文提到的“theystillaretheleadingstatesponsorofterrorismintheworld”可知,Iran仍然是世界上支持恐怖主義的主要國家,所以他們做了很多事幫助恐怖主義,為他們提供便利。因此,facilitate含義更符合句意,故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
15.單選題
Mostpeoplebelievethatthestudyofanothernation,itssocietyandculture,canbenotonlyfascinatingbutalso().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.beneficial
B.benefit
C.benefiting
D.beneficent
【答案】A
【解析】考查同根詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)beneficial“有利的,有用的”;B選項(xiàng)benefit“使受益”;C選項(xiàng)benefiting“benefit的現(xiàn)在分詞”;D選項(xiàng)beneficent“有裨益的,慈善的”。句意:大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為,研究另一個(gè)國家,及其社會(huì)和文化,不僅是有趣的,而且是有益的。這里考查benefit的各種變體,notonly…butalso連接fascinating(極有吸引力的,迷人的)和空格,因此空格處應(yīng)填入與fascinating相近且并列的詞,故選A。
16.單選題
Astheeconomygrew,anincreasingsenseofsamenessprevailedinAmericansociety.Thiswasthegreatageofconformity,whenmembersofallsocialgroupslearnedtoimitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown.Third-and-fourth-generationethnicAmericansbecamemuchmorealike.Withimmigrationslowedtoatrickleafter1924,andtiestoEuropeweakened,assimilationoccurred.Televisioncontributedtogrowingconformitybyprovidingyoungandoldwithcommon,sharedvisuallyattractiveexperience.Escapingtheassimilatingtendencieswasdifficult.SociologistDavidRiesmanpointedoutthatintheclassicnurseryrhyme“ThisLittlePigWenttoMarket,”eachpigwenthisownway.“Today,however,alllittlepigsgotomarket;nonestayhome;allhaveroastbeef,ifanydo;andallsay‘we-we.’”
Thewillingnesstoconformtogroupnormsaffectedcollegesanduniversities,wherecautiousstudentssoughtsecurity.Theyjoinedfraternitiesandsororitiesandengagedinpantyraidsandotherpranks,buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs.“Iobserve,”YalepresidentA.WhitneyGriswoldtoldagraduatingclassin1950,“thatyousharetheprevailingmoodofthehour,whichinyourcaseconsistsofbargainsprivatelymadewithfate—onfate’sterms.”
Americansinthepostwaryearsdiscoveredasharedreligioussenseandreturnedtotheirchurchesinrecordnumbers.Churchmembershipdoubledbetween1945and1970.Inpart,churchattendancereflectedadesiretochallenge“godlesscommunism”attheheightoftheColdWarandtofindsomerelieffromthethreatofanuclearwar;inpart,itresultedfromthepowerofsuggestionthatledAmericanstodowhatothersdid.Religionalsoseemedtoreinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife.Asonesloganputit,“Thefamilythatpraystogetherstaystogether.”Moreover,religionbecameincreasinglyappealing.EvangelistBillyGraham,oftenintroducedas“amanwithGod’smessageforthesecrisisdays,”preachedtomillionsathisrevivals.Hecapitalizedonthemedia,usingradio,television,andfilmtospreadhismessage.Bytheendofthe1950s,fully95percentofallAmericansidentifiedwithsomereligiousdenomination.
46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.
47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.
48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.
49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.
50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairs
B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdid
C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachother
D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylife
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.thechangeinthedietofAmericans
B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducation
C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustoms
D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansociety
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfuture
B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfuture
C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizations
D.werefavoredbyfate
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylife
B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericans
C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWar
D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetime
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast
B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears
C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife
D.ConformityinAmericanSociety
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】46.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.46.根據(jù)上下文,我們可以猜測(cè)“從眾的大時(shí)代”大致上指的是______時(shí)代。
A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairsA.各行各業(yè)的人對(duì)世界事務(wù)不感興趣
B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdidB.所有社會(huì)成員都傾向于模仿他人的行為方式
C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachotherC.年輕人和老年人學(xué)會(huì)了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍
D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylifeD.宗教在加強(qiáng)家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)thegreatageofconformity定位至第一段第二句“這是一個(gè)從眾的大時(shí)代(thegreatageofconformity),所有社會(huì)群體的成員都學(xué)會(huì)了模仿他們周圍的人,而不是開創(chuàng)屬于自己的想法(imitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown)”,理解可知,thegreatageofconformity(從眾的大時(shí)代)就是所有社會(huì)群體成員模仿他人行為的時(shí)代。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
C選項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人學(xué)會(huì)了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍”沒提到,無中生有;
A選項(xiàng)“各行各業(yè)的人對(duì)世界事務(wù)不感興趣”和D選項(xiàng)“宗教在加強(qiáng)家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用”與題干無關(guān),張冠李戴。
47.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.47.社會(huì)學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評(píng)論揭示了______。
A.thechangeinthedietofAmericansA.美國人飲食的變化
B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducationB.美國人對(duì)幼兒園教育的看法不同
C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustomsC.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長對(duì)美國人生活習(xí)慣的影響
D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansocietyD.美國社會(huì)同化的流行趨勢(shì)
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句“社會(huì)學(xué)家DavidRiesman指出,在經(jīng)典的童謠《這只小豬去市場》中,每只豬都走自己的路;然而,今天所有的(all)小豬都去市場了,沒有一個(gè)待在家里;如果有的話,他們都(all)吃烤牛肉,都(all)說‘we-we’?!保渲卸啻问褂昧薬ll一詞,結(jié)合上文提到的同化傾向,社會(huì)學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評(píng)論揭示了美國當(dāng)今越來越盛行的同化趨勢(shì)。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“美國人飲食的變化”和B選項(xiàng)“美國人對(duì)幼兒園教育的看法不同”表述曲解原文;
C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長對(duì)美國人生活習(xí)慣的影響”中的“生活習(xí)慣”太片面,以偏概全。
48.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.48.耶魯大學(xué)校長所說的表明大學(xué)生______。
A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfutureA.放棄了為美好的未來奮斗
B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfutureB.是在為一個(gè)更好的未來而奮斗
C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizationsC.只對(duì)學(xué)生組織感興趣
D.werefavoredbyfateD.被命運(yùn)所眷顧
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】首先定位到第二段最后一句關(guān)于耶魯大學(xué)校長所說的話“我注意到,你當(dāng)時(shí)有同樣的主導(dǎo)情緒(prevailingmood),就你而言,這是在命運(yùn)的條件下與命運(yùn)私下達(dá)成的交易”,prevailingmood指的是上文“謹(jǐn)慎的學(xué)生為了尋求安全感而參與各種惡作劇”,其中提到了buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs(但是對(duì)世界事務(wù)不感興趣);綜合理解可知,耶魯大學(xué)校長說這一句話是表明大學(xué)生放棄了為美好未來生活的奮斗。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“是在為一個(gè)更好的未來而奮斗”與原文相反,反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“只對(duì)學(xué)生組織感興趣”表述與原文不符,文中雖然提到學(xué)生會(huì)參加一些學(xué)生組織,但這是因?yàn)樗麄兿胍獙で蟀踩校皇歉信d趣,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;
D選項(xiàng)“被命運(yùn)所眷顧”沒有體現(xiàn),無中生有。
49.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.49.根據(jù)第三段,大量的出席教會(huì)似乎與下列事情有關(guān),除了______。
A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylifeA.美國人更加意識(shí)到家庭生活的重要性
B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericansB.宗教對(duì)美國人日益增長的吸引力
C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWarC.美國全力支持冷戰(zhàn)的決心
D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetimeD.當(dāng)時(shí)嚴(yán)峻的國際形勢(shì)
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】定位至文章第三段,第三句提到“在某種程度上,去教堂做禮拜反映了一種渴望,即在冷戰(zhàn)高峰時(shí)期挑戰(zhàn)‘無神論的共產(chǎn)主義’(challenge‘godlesscommunism’),并從核戰(zhàn)爭的威脅中尋求某種解脫”,從challenge“godlesscommunism”(挑戰(zhàn)“無神論的共產(chǎn)主義”)可以看出,當(dāng)時(shí)美國參與教會(huì)部分原因是挑戰(zhàn)蘇聯(lián)的無神論共產(chǎn)主義,所以C項(xiàng)與原文相反。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“美國人更加意識(shí)到家庭生活的重要性”定位第三段第四句“宗教似乎也加強(qiáng)了家庭生活的重要性(reinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife)”,可知該項(xiàng)與原文相符;
B選項(xiàng)“宗教對(duì)美國人日益增長的吸引力”定位第六句“此外,宗教變得越來越有吸引力(increasinglyappealing)”,可知該項(xiàng)與原文相符;
D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)時(shí)嚴(yán)峻的國際形勢(shì)”從第三句中“挑戰(zhàn)‘無神論共產(chǎn)主義’”和“從核戰(zhàn)爭的威脅中尋求某種解脫”可以看出,該項(xiàng)也正確。
50.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?50.下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以作為這篇文章的合適標(biāo)題?
A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast
A.美國:一個(gè)與過去不同的社會(huì)
B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears
B.戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播
C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife
C.宗教:美國生活的一個(gè)重要方面
D.ConformityinAmericanSociety
D.美國社會(huì)的從眾性
【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。
【解題思路】首先,看到首尾兩段核心句,首段第一句“隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,越來越多的同一性在美國社會(huì)盛行(anincreasingsenseofsameness)”,以及末段第一句“戰(zhàn)后,美國人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種共同的宗教意識(shí)(asharedreligioussense),重返教堂的人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了紀(jì)錄”,可知文章主要講述的內(nèi)容是美國社會(huì)的同一性。然后,看到文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu),文章首先介紹美國社會(huì)同一性產(chǎn)生的歷史原因,然后從學(xué)校和宗教兩個(gè)方面來闡述同一性的表現(xiàn)。綜上所述可知,文章的關(guān)鍵詞是conformity,內(nèi)容就是美國社會(huì)的從眾性。故D項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“美國:一個(gè)與過去不同的社會(huì)”、B選項(xiàng)“戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播”和C選項(xiàng)“宗教:美國生活的一個(gè)重要方面”均屬于以偏概全。
17.單選題
Inthecompetitivemodel—theeconomyofmanysellerseachwithasmallshareofthetotalmarket—therestraintontheprivateexerciseofeconomicpowerwasprovidedbyotherfirmsonthesamesideofthemarket.Itwastheeagernessofcompetitorstosell,notthecomplaintsofbuyers,thatsavedthelatterfromspoliation.Itwasassumed,nodoubtaccurately,thatthenineteenth-centurytextilemanufacturerwhooverchargedforhisproductwouldpromptlylosehismarkettoanothermanufacturerwhodidnot.Ifallmanufacturersfoundthemselvesinapositionwheretheycouldexploitastrongdemand,andmarkuptheirpricesaccordingly,therewouldsoonbeaninflowofnewcompetitors.Theresultingincreaseinsupplywouldbringpricesandprofitsbacktonormal.
Aswiththesellerwhowastemptedtousehiseconomicpoweragainstthecustomer,sowiththebuyerwhowastemptedtouseitagainsthislabororsuppliers,themanwhopaidlessthantheprevailingwagewouldlosehislaborforcetothosewhopaidtheworkerhisfull(marginal)contributiontotheearningsofthefirm.Inallcasestheincentivetosociallydesirablebehaviorwasprovidedbythecompetitor.Itwastothesamesideofthemarket—therestraintofsellersbyothersellersandofbuyersbyotherbuyers,inotherwordstocompetition—thateconomistscametolookfortheself-regulatorymechanismsoftheeconomy.
Theyalsocametolooktocompetitionexclusivelyandinformal;theorystilldo.Thenotionthattheremightbeanotherregulatorymechanismintheeconomyhadbeenalmostcompletelyexcludedfromeconomicthought.Thus,withthewidespreaddisappearanceofcompetitioninitsclassicalfromanditsreplacementbythesmallgroupoffirmsifnotinovert,atleastinconventionalortacit,collusion,itwaseasytosupposethatsincecompetitionhaddisappeared,alleffectiverestraintonprivatepowerhaddisappeared.Indeed,thisconclusionwasallbutinevitableifnosearchwasmadeforotherrestraints,andsocompletewasthepreoccupationwithcompetitionthatnonewasmade.
Infact,newrestraintsonprivatepowerdidappeartoreplacecompetition.Theywerenurturedbythesameprocessofconcentrationwhichimpairedordestroyedcompetition.Buttheyappearednotonthesamesideofthemarketbutontheoppositeside,notwithcompetitorsbutwithcustomersorsuppliers.ItwillbeconvenienttohaveanameforthiscounterpartofcompetitionandIshallcallitcountervailingpower.
Tobeginwithabroadandsomewhattoodogmaticallystatedproposition,privateeconomicpowerisheldincheckbythecountervailingpowerofthosewhoaresubjecttoit.Thefirstbegetsthesecond.Thelongtrendtowardconcentrationofindustrialenterpriseinthehandsofarelativelyfewfirmshasbroughtintoexistencenotonlystrongsellers,aseconomistshavesupposed,butalsostrongbuyers,afacttheyhavefailedtosee.Thetwodeveloptogether,notinprecisestep,butinsuchmannerthattherecanbenodoubtthattheoneisinresponsetotheother.
21.Theword“spoliation”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans().
22.Howiseconomicpowerappliedwhenamanufacturerwantstohiremoreworkers?
23.Economistsdidn’tsearchforotherrestraintsotherthancompetitionbecause().
24.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofothereconomists’predictionabouttheoutcomesofconcentration?
25.Thepassagemainlydiscussesabout().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.loot
B.spoil
C.restraint
D.agitation
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Heoffersthemwelfarefunds.
B.Hepaysthemaccordingtotheirwork.
C.Heprovidesfreeboardandlodging.
D.Hegivesthemchancesofgettingpromoted.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.theysolelyfocusedoncompetition
B.theyhadnoideaofotherrestraints
C.theyhadmoreinterestincompetition
D.otherrestraintswereoflittleimportance
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theyhavemadewildpredictions.
B.Theyfailedtoseetheriseofmerger.
C.Theyforesawtheappearanceofstrongbuyers.
D.Theirsuppositionwaspartiallytrue.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.business
B.buyersandsellers
C.businessmodel
D.economicpower
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】21.語義題。根據(jù)題干信息將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第一段。根據(jù)下文“…wouldpromptlylosehismarkettoanothermanufacturerwhodidnot(會(huì)很快把市場拱手讓給另一家沒有這么做的制造商)”“…exploitastrongdemand,andmarkuptheirpricesaccordingly(利用強(qiáng)勁的需求,相應(yīng)地抬高價(jià)格)”即可得出本題答案。
22.
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第一句?!癆swiththesellerwhowastemptedtousehiseconomicpoweragainstthecustomer,sowiththebuyerwhowastemptedtouseitagainsthislabororsuppliers,themanwhopaidlessthantheprevailingwagewouldlosehislaborforcetothosewhopaidtheworkerhisfull(marginal)contributiontotheearningsofthefirm.(對(duì)于那些想要用他的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力來對(duì)付顧客的賣方,同樣對(duì)于想要用經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力來對(duì)付他的勞動(dòng)力或供應(yīng)商的買方,支付低于當(dāng)時(shí)工資的人將會(huì)失去他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室,或者被迫接受那些向工人支付他對(duì)公司收入的全部(邊際)貢獻(xiàn)的人。)”即可得出本題答案。
23.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段第一句。根據(jù)“Theyalsocametolooktocompetitionexclusivelyandinformal;theorystilldo.(他們也開始只關(guān)注正式的競爭;理論仍然如此。)”即可得出本題答案。
24.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“othereconomists’prediction”“theoutcomesofconcentration”可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段第三句。根據(jù)“Thelongtrendtowardconcentrationofindustrialenterpriseinthehandsofarelativelyfewfirmshasbroughtintoexistencenotonlystrongsellers,aseconomistshavesupposed,butalsostrongbuyers,afacttheyhavefailedtosee.(長期以來,工業(yè)企業(yè)集中在相對(duì)較少的公司手中的趨勢(shì),不僅像經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家所認(rèn)為的那樣,帶來了強(qiáng)勁的賣方,也帶來了強(qiáng)勁的買方,這是他們沒有看到的事實(shí)。)”即可得出本題答案。
25.
主旨大意題。通讀全文即可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者全篇談?wù)摰慕允巧虡I(yè)方面的內(nèi)容。從而得出本題答案。
18.單選題
ForitsfirstLondontour,Moscow’sSovrenmenniktheatercompany()offwiththeplayitwasfirstallowedtostageaftercensorshipwaseasedinthecountry.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.turned
B.kicked
C.made
D.switched
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。turnoff“關(guān)閉”;kickoff“開始干某事”;madeoff“逃走”;switchoff“關(guān)掉”。句意:在審查制度放松后,第一次倫敦巡演,莫斯科蘇維瑞門尼克劇院第一次開始被允許在舞臺(tái)上表演。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
19.單選題
(
)thereislittlewecandotomodifytheweather,wecanatleastknowwhatkindofweathertoexpect.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Since
B.When
C.While
D.Unless
【答案】C
【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這句話空格同樣考查狀語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法和含義。從句的意思是“我們?cè)诟淖兲鞖夥矫鏌o能為力”,和后句“我們至少知道天氣未來的變化”存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)A表示原因關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)D表示讓步條件關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)B可以表示時(shí)間條件關(guān)系,而while除了表示時(shí)間條件關(guān)系還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折。句意為:盡管我們?cè)诟淖兲鞖夥矫鏌o能為力,但我們至少知道天氣未來的變化。故正確答案選C。
20.單選題
Thenoiseofhisloudvoice(
)whatthegirlwastryingtotellus.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.covered
B.suppressed
C.drowned
D.deadened
【答案】C
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:他大聲喧嘩使得我們無法聽清楚女孩設(shè)法告訴我們什么。
covert:隱藏的,隱蔽的。suppress:抑制,鎮(zhèn)壓,控制。drown:淹沒,蓋沒。deaden:減弱,緩和。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。
21.單選題
Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedand()inquality.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.influential
B.inferior
C.superior
D.subordinate
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)influential“有影響的;有勢(shì)力的”;B選項(xiàng)inferior“差的;自卑的;下級(jí)的”;C選項(xiàng)superior“上級(jí)的;優(yōu)秀的,出眾的”;D選項(xiàng)subordinate“從屬的,隸屬的;次要的”。句意:他們的產(chǎn)品時(shí)常定價(jià)過高且質(zhì)量很差。并列連詞and連接“定價(jià)過高的”和空格,因此空格處填入B項(xiàng)合適。
22.單選題
Sheremainsconfidentand(
)untroubledbyourpresentproblems.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.indefinitely
B.optimistically
C.infinitely
D.seemingly
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。indefinitely“不確定地”;optimistically“樂觀地”;infinitely“無限地”;seemingly“看來似乎”。句意:她仍然對(duì)我們現(xiàn)在遇到的問題保持自信樂觀的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
23.單選題
MykidstellmethatIam“so20thcentury”,whichtroublesme.Apersonlikestofeelthatheis“withit”,asweusedtosayinthe20thcentury.
SoIhavebeenthinkinghowImightchangemyselfintoatrue21st-centuryman.Clearly,inmyadvancedstateofageIwouldbefoolishtoattemptsomewildleapintothecontemporaryfashion.Andanyway,mydistinctivetasteattractsmuchfavorablecomment.
Butifmyclothingistoocharacteristictochange,perhapsIshoulddosomethingaboutmylifestyle.SolastweekItookmyselftotheNECfortheSmartHomeShowwhichis“theexhibitiondedicatedtoallthelatesttrendsinsmarthometechnology”.Itwasashock.HowcouldIhavelivedforhalfacenturywithoutafingerprint-operatedfrontdoor?(“Neverlockyourselfoutofyourhomeagain!”)Orvacuumcleanersthatsuckduststraightintoadustbin,viaasystemofpipesinyourhousewalls?(Allyouhavetodoisrebuildyourentirehome.)Orautomaticgardensprinklerswhicharesosmartthattheyturnthemselvesoffwhenitstartstorain?Ofcourse,youcouldjustlookoutofthewindow,observethatit’srainingandturnthemoffyourself,butthatwouldbeso20thcentury.
Besides,thosewerejustthesimplerthings.Forthetruesmarthomeowner,ap
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