一.本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容初升高英語(yǔ)銜接班第2講初中基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)疏理（2）二.重、難點(diǎn)有關(guān)簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句及并列句的知識(shí)疏理：簡(jiǎn)單句：定義：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）句，如：WelearnEnglish我們學(xué)英語(yǔ)。（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)）BothXiaoZhangandXiaoWangarefromBeijing.小張和小王都是北京人。（一個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)）Heoncelivedandworkedhere.他曾經(jīng)在這里居住和工作過(guò)。（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)）Myfatherandmothergotoworkatseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeateightintheevening.我父母早上七點(diǎn)上班，晚上八點(diǎn)回家。（一個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)）分類(lèi)：上次我們對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句按照句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)分出的5據(jù)句子的功能或使用目的，簡(jiǎn)單句可分四類(lèi)：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句。并列句：定義：用并列連接詞連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句叫做并列句。簡(jiǎn)單句,but,or,so,notonly…butalso,however,neither…nor,either…or,still等。eg.Ihelpherandshehelpsme.我?guī)退?，她幫我。Heisveryoldbutheisingoodhealth.他年紀(jì)很大了，但他身體很好。Wemusthurryorwe’llbelate.我們得趕快走，不然就晚了。Thisgirldidherworkcarefully,soshenevermadeanymistakes.這個(gè)姑娘工作認(rèn)真，從不出差錯(cuò)。Jimnotonlywrotetomelastweekbutalsocametoseemeyesterday.吉姆上星期不但寫(xiě)信給我，而且昨天還來(lái)看過(guò)我。Neithercouldtheorydowithoutpractice,norcouldpracticedowithouttheory.理論沒(méi)有實(shí)踐不行，實(shí)踐沒(méi)有理論也不行。EitherheistoblameorIam.不是他該受責(zé)備，就是我該受責(zé)備。注意：連接詞so除起連接并列句作用外，兼有結(jié)果意味；有時(shí)so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分。例如：Hecanswim,socanI.他會(huì)游泳，我也會(huì)。（so代替swim）Ironisakindofmatter,soarewaterandair.鐵是一種物質(zhì)，水和空氣也是物質(zhì)。（so在后一句中起表語(yǔ)作用）主從復(fù)合句主體，從句可視作句子的一個(gè)成分。從句在主從復(fù)合句中可起主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)作用。從句在全句中起什么作用，就叫什么從句。狀語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句在句中起狀語(yǔ)作用，修飾主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副1/10詞。在初中階段我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了以下幾種狀語(yǔ)從句：①時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞：當(dāng)……時(shí)一邊……一邊，當(dāng)……），while（在……過(guò)程中在……以前），after（在……之后從……以來(lái)），till（until）（直到……，直到……才），assoonas（一……就……）等。進(jìn)入高中階段之后，我們還會(huì)再見(jiàn)到另外一些常用的連接詞。在由以上連接詞或詞組連接的主從復(fù)合句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)是同時(shí)發(fā)生、有時(shí)是先后發(fā)生。因此，在理解和運(yùn)用帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，要根據(jù)連接詞所表示的不同時(shí)間意義，特別注意主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。這是掌握時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。②原因狀語(yǔ)從句：常由because（因?yàn)椋瑂ince（既然），as（由于）等連接詞引導(dǎo)。eg.Hedidn’theartheknockingatthedoorbecausehewaslisteningtotheradio.他沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)敲門(mén)聲，因?yàn)樗诼?tīng)收音機(jī)。Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmyEnglish.既然你今天休息，你最好幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Asthedaywasfine,theydecidedtogoonatrip.由于天氣好，他們決定作一次短途旅行。③地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：常由where（在……地方），wherever（無(wú)論……在哪兒）等連接詞引導(dǎo)。如：I’llgowhereworkconditionsaredifficult.我愿意到工作條件困難的地方去。Whereveryouare,youshouldworkforthepeopleheartandsoul.無(wú)論你在哪里工作，你都應(yīng)該全心全意為人民服務(wù)。④條件狀語(yǔ)從句：常由if（假如，如果），unless（除非）等連接詞或連接詞組引導(dǎo)。如：IfIgototheGreatWalltomorrow,wouldyouliketocomealong?如果明天我去長(zhǎng)城，你會(huì)和我一起去嗎？Heissuretocomeunlesshehassomeurgentworktodoathome.除非他家里有急事要辦，不然他一定會(huì)來(lái)的。as…as（像…一樣比），the…the（越……就越），as（正如），asif（似乎，好象）等引導(dǎo)。如：Iknowyoubetterthanshedoes.我比她更了解你。Themoreyoupractice,themoreknowledgeyouwillget.你實(shí)踐得越多，你得到的知識(shí)就越多。YoushouldstudyEnglishashardasMarydoes.你應(yīng)該像瑪麗那樣努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Theoldmanrunsveryfastasifhewereayoungman.這位老人跑得很快，簡(jiǎn)單像個(gè)年輕人。（在以asif式，系動(dòng)詞were可用于所有人稱(chēng)，表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而不是真實(shí)情況。）⑥目的狀語(yǔ)從句：常由so（使得），that（以便that（為了，使得that（這樣……就）等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：Theysetoutearlythattheymightarriveatthestationintime.他們很早出發(fā)，以便及時(shí)趕到車(chē)站。Shetakesnotescarefullyinclasssothatshemayusethemwhenshereviewsherlessons2/10afterclass.她在課上認(rèn)真記筆記，以便能在課下利用它們復(fù)習(xí)功課。⑦結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：常由so（結(jié)果），sothat（結(jié)果），so…that（such…that）（如此……以致……）等連接詞引導(dǎo)。如：Everybodylentahand,sotheworkwasdoneintime.人人幫忙，結(jié)果工作及時(shí)完成。Hefinishedhishomeworksowellthathisteacherpraisedhiminclass.他作業(yè)完成得很好，結(jié)果他的老師在班上表?yè)P(yáng)了他。ThefilmwassointerestingthatIenjoyeditverymuch.這部電影這么有趣（以致于）我非常喜歡它。Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveitaway.這是一個(gè)很重的箱子，誰(shuí)也搬不走。⑧讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：常由though（although）（雖然……但……），evenif（即使），however（不管怎樣），whatever（無(wú)論什么），nomatterhow（who…）（不管多么……）（無(wú)論誰(shuí)……）等連接詞或連接詞組引導(dǎo)。如：Hewenttoschool,thoughhewasill.雖然他病了，但還是去上學(xué)了。（注意：有（al）though的句子，就有“雖……但是”的含義，不能在主句中用but，但可接yet，still等。）Shecarriedonthejobevenifshehadabadcold.即使她患了重感冒，她還是堅(jiān)持工作。HowevermuchItried,Ifailedtoworkoutthemathsproblem.無(wú)論我怎么做，都算不出這道數(shù)學(xué)題來(lái)。Whateveryousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.不論你怎么說(shuō)，我都不會(huì)改變主意。Hekeepstakingphysicaltraininginwinternomatterhowcolditis.不論天氣多冷，他都堅(jiān)持在冬天進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。Nomatterwhoasksherforhelp,sheisreadytohelp.無(wú)論誰(shuí)請(qǐng)她幫忙，她都愿意幫助。定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的，對(duì)于它們的用法已經(jīng)在以前的講解中多次提到過(guò)，主要掌握它們指代人還是物，在句中可以充當(dāng)什么成分。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有where,when,why等，這些是高中要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，在后面的講解中我們會(huì)滲透其用法及定語(yǔ)從句其他內(nèi)容。名詞性從句：在主從復(fù)合句中，從句可以起主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)作用在多數(shù)情況下，這四種句子成分由名詞性詞類(lèi)充當(dāng)，所以起這四種成分作用的從句統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：連接詞that,whether,if；疑問(wèn)代詞who,what,which,whose；疑問(wèn)副詞when,where,how,why等。在這四種從句中，我們已學(xué)過(guò)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，其他三種在課文中偶爾出現(xiàn)過(guò)，只要求理解，賓語(yǔ)從句是必須掌握的內(nèi)容，對(duì)于它的三要素也已多次復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)并將有關(guān)練習(xí)題做好，為今后學(xué)習(xí)其他三種名詞性從句打好基礎(chǔ)。【模擬試題】賓語(yǔ)從句：

主從復(fù)合句（一）Shesaid shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster’sdesk.3/10that B.where C.which D.whatCouldyoutellme ?I’mhisoldfriend.wheredoesJimlive B.whenwillJimcomebackC.whereJimhasgone D.howisJimI’msorryIcan’tdecide todo.what B.how C.when D.whereIwanttoknow MotherhasputthepresentsroundtheChristmastree.when B.where C.whether D.thatHehasn’tdecide .ifhe’llgoonatriptoHainan B.whenwillhegoonatriptoHainanC.ifhegoesonatriptoHainan D.whendoeshegoonatripHainanDoyouknow thepopulationofShenyang?whatis B.howmuchis C.whatare D.howmanyareIdon’tknowwhen .Whenhe ,I’llletyouknow.willhecome,willcome B.hewillcome,comesC.hecomes,willcome D.doeshecome,comesDoyouknowif backnextweek?Ifhe back,pleaseletmeknow.hecomes,willcome B.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comes D.willhecome,willcome—Canyouguessifthey toplaybasketballwithus?—Ithinktheywillcomeifthey e,are B.willcome,willbe C.willcome,are D.come,willbe—Doyouknow ?I’mgoingtohim.—Sorry,Idon’tknow.wheredoesMr.Lilive B.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.Lilives D.whereMr.LilivedCouldyoutellme ?whenshallwestart B.whoareyouwaitingforC.wherethebusstationis D.whywereyoulate—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?—Hetoldmethathe theDisneyWorldthenextday.willvisit B.hasvisited C.isgoingtovisit D.wouldvisitYoumustremember .whatyourteachersaid B.whatdidyourteachersayC.yourteachersaidwhat D.whathasyourteachersaidInthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper WhoMovedMyCheesewasinterestingbook.that B.how C.what D.if—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme gettotheplane?—Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.howcanwe B.howwecan C.whencanwe D.whenwecan—Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear Isaid,David?—Yes,mum.4/10what B.that C.why D.if—Doyouknow ?—He’sTom’sfather.whoishe B.whatheis C.what’she D.whoheisI’dliketoknow .whenwillhegivebackthetapewhetherhashereceivedhighereducationthathehasbeenbusywhethershewilljoininourEnglishEveningThestudentsarestudyinghard,fortheyknow .whataretheystudyingfor B.whataretheystudyingC.whattheyarestudyingfor D.whytheyarestudyingforWillyoupleasetellme ?wherePudongAirportis B.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirport D.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt—Wheredoeshecomefrom?—Pardon?—Iaskedwhere .didhecomefrom B.hecamefromC.hecomesfrom D.doeshecomefromDoyouthink anEnglishfilmtomorrownight?isthere B.thereisgoingtohaveC.thereisgoingtobe D.willtherebeHetoldmeanewbridge inhisvillagethenextyear.built

A.built B.willbuild C.willbebuilt

D.wouldbeShesaidshehoped hersoon.himtosee B.hewouldsee C.himseeing D.heisseeing主從復(fù)合句（二）狀語(yǔ)從句：Themountainwas steep fewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.so,as B.so,that C.as,as D.too,toTimepassedquicklyandthreemonthswentby weknewit.when B.after C.before D.till—Whatareyougoingtodointhefuture?—I’dliketobeadoctor youare.so B.as C.what D.whenHe waituntiltherain .won’t,willstop B.won’t,stop C.will,stops D.will,willstopAlthoughI thetruckforhalfayear,itstilllooksnew.havebought B.bought C.havehad D.had—IsDavidatschooltoday?—No.Heisathome hehasabadcold.5/10because B.if C.though D.untilWe’llclimbQianlingHillsifit nextSunday.won’train B.rain C.rainy D.doesn’trainJimhasbeeninthefactoryfortwoyears heleftschool.when B.since C.assoonas D.whetherhe’sveryyoung, heknowsseverallanguages.Though,but B.Because,so C.Though,/ D.Because,/Iwascleaningmyroom Tomcalledme.when B.until C.while D.ifWewillvisittheGreatWall itdoesn’traintomorrow.until B.before C.as D.ifIwasreadinganewspaper hecamein.assoonas B.since C.while D.whenThelittleboyateabigmeal hesaidhewasn’thungry.if B.though C.because D.asYou’dbetterdoit yourmotherdid.when B.as C.like D.becauseWangLinwillcometoseeyou hereachesthiscity.before B.since C.while D.assoonasallthepassengersarehere.Whydon’twestartatonce.Assoonas B.After C.Nowthat D.WhenI’llcometoseeyou I’mfreenextSunday.until B.after C.if D.beforeIwenttobedatten Ididmyhomework.when B.because C.if D.after—Mikewantstoknowif apicnictomorrow.—Yes.Butifit ,we’llvisitthemuseuminstead.youhave,willrain B.youwillhave,willrainC.youwillhave,rains D.willyouhave,rainsIdon’tgotobed Ifinishmyhomework.until B.when C.after D.sinceIdon’tknowifit tomorrow.Ifit ,Iwillnotgofinish.rains,rains B.rains,willrain C.willrain,rains D.willrain,willrainTheyweredoingmathsexercises Ileft.before B.until C.when D.assoonasMr.Greendoesn’tclimbdownthechimneyuntilthechildren .fallasleep B.wereasleep C.gotobed D.aresleepingI’llcatchupwithLucybeforeshe thefinishingline.reach B.isreaching C.reaches D.willreach主從復(fù)合句（三）定語(yǔ)從句：Thepicture hasahouseandflowersistheoneIlikebest.who B.which C.where D.whose6/10Thisistheman lastnight.whomIsawhim B.whomIsawC.whichIsaw D.whoIsawhimDoyouknowtheman spokejustnow?which B.what C.who D.whomTheresultoftheexperimentwasverygood, wehadn’t預(yù)料）.when B.that C.which D.itAchild parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.which B.his C.whose D.withIwillneverforgettheday wespenttogetherlastweek.that B.which C./ D.A,BandCThisistheveryboy Ihavebeenlookingfor.which B.that C.who D.whom—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthatthereason youhadafewdaysoff?why B.when C.what D.whereInfacttheSwedendidnotunderstandthethreequestions wereaskedinFrench.where B.who C.inwhich D.whichTheman teachesusChineseisfromHunan.that B.whom C.which D./Idon’tlikesuchaperson oftenliesbeforeyourface.what B.that C.as D.whichThetrees wereplantedlastyeargrowwell.who B.whom C.which D./Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthings interestedhimgreatlyduringhisstayhere.which B.that C.who D.theyThehouse theoldmanlivesinwasbuiltin1945.who B.that C.which D.BothBandCHeisnottheman heusedtobe.that B.whose C.which D.whatIlostthebook mysisterboughtlastweek.that B.which C./ D.A,BandCHeisoneofthestudentswho praisedbytheteacher.were B.was C.have D.hasThevillage hat B.inwhom C.inwhich D.thatThedoctor isleavingforAfricanextmonth.thenurseistalkingtohimwhomthenurseistalkingthenurseistalkingtowhothenurseistalkingMarylikestoeatfood haschocolateinit.that B.it C.those D.thisHewrotetomeandtoldmeeverything hesawonthewaytoBeijing.7/10who B.that C.which D.whomBeihaiParkisoneofthemostbeautifulparks thousandsofvisitorseveryday.whichattracts B.whichattract C.thatattract D.itattractsWhichofthefollowingsentenceisright?Helostthebikehisuncleboughtitforhim.Ihatepeoplethattalkmuchbutdolittle.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmwhichIhaveeverseenit.ThemanthatyoumethiminthestreetisfromBeijing.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory youvisitedlastweek?what B.that C.where D.when8/10【試題答案】（一）1.A2.C3