人教版高中英語必修一Unit1語法知識人教版高中英語必修一Unit1語法知識人教版高中英語必修一Unit1語法知識資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月人教版高中英語必修一Unit1語法知識版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：GrammarDirectandIndirectSpeechⅠ直接引語和間接引語（Ⅰ）直接引語(directspeech):直接引用別人的話,把它放在引號內(nèi)。間接引語(indirectspeech):用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。1.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述→陳述句Shesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”ShesaidthatshewasgoingtoBeijing.2.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問→一般疑問句Heasked,“Areyouadoctor”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題→特殊疑問句Sheasked,“Whatareyoudoing”SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.直接引語變成間接引語,句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化陳述句用連詞that引導(dǎo),that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直接用引語中的said,也可用told來代替,注意,可以說saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接說toldthat。Hesaid,“IhavebeentoJapan.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentoJapan.Shesaid,“I’llgiveyouanexamtomorrow.”Shetoldusthatshewouldgiveusanexamtomorrow.陳述句解題步驟:“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthat(Idon’tlikecomputers.)Shedidn’tSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.一般疑問句間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo),原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked(me/him/us等),語序是陳述句的語序Tomsaid,“DoyouhaveanydifficultywithEnglish”Tomasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithEnglish.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren’tyou”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.一般疑問句解題步驟:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Theyaskedhimif(itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.)AskediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.特殊疑問句原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞,主句的謂語動詞用ask(sb.)來表達(dá),語序改為陳述句語序。Hesaidtome,“Whereareyoufrom”HeaskedmewhereIwasfrom.Heaskedus,“Howmanyfactoriesarethereinyourcountry”Heaskedushowmanyfactoriestherewereinourcountry.特殊疑問句解題步驟：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheat（youharvestthewheat.)heHarvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.選擇疑問句用whether…or…表達(dá)(不用if/either…or…)Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorChinese”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorChinese.Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusoronfoot”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakeabusoronfoot.謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)變化需要注意幾點(diǎn)：1.直接引語表述的是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.如果直接引語所表述的內(nèi)容在目前和說話時(shí)同樣有效,變間接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)可不變。Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”Thechildrentoldusthattheylovethatgame.3.主句謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),在引述時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.DriectspeechIndirect

speechSentence

structurestatement

say/tell

sb.

(that)

+從句一般疑問句ask/wonder

whether/if

+陳述句語序特殊疑問句ask/wonder

wh-word

+陳述句語序在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)需要注意的變化1.注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化2.注意人稱和指示代詞變化3.注意時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的變化4.注意個(gè)別趨向動詞的變化Hesaidhe…Hesaidhe…playedfootballwasplayinghadplayedhadplayedwouldplayhadplayedAttention:Therearesomecasesinwhichwedon’tneedtochangethetensein