《綜合英語(一)》模擬試卷(二)考試時間150分鐘)(英語專業(yè))Direction:Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsofquestionscarefully.ForeachunfinishedstatementofquestionfoursuggestedanswersA;B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheoneyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingonyouranswersheet(25%)Thereare politicaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain.onetwothreefourMagnaCartahadaltogether63clausesofwhichthemostimportantmatterscouldbeseeninthreeoffollowingexcept .notaxshouldbemadewithouttheapprovaloftheGrandCouncil;noserfshouldbearrested,imprisonedordeprivedofhispropertyexceptbythelawofthelandLondonandothertownsshouldretaintheirancientrightsandprivilegesThereshouldbethesameweightsandmeasuresthrough-outthecountry.ThefirststeamenginewasdevisedbyThomasNewcomerattheendofthe17thcentury,andtheScottishinventor modifiedandimprovedthedesignin1765.AbrahamDarbyJamesWattJohnKayRichardArkwrightInsomeareasfactoryfarmingmethodsareused,particularlyfor .growingcropproducingmilkcatchingfishrearingpoultryBytradition,theleaderofthemajoritypartyisappointed bytheSovereignintheUnitedKingdom.PrimeMinisterMemberofParliamentLordofAppealSpeakeroftheHouseUndertheAnglo-IrishTreaty,Britainestablished withdominionstatusinIrelandin1921.theAnglicanChurchofIrelandtheIrishFreeStatetheIrishRepublicanArmytheAnglo-IrishIntergovernmentalCouncilIrishbroadcastingbeganin inasmallstudiocalledDublinBroadcastingStation.A.1906B.1916C.1926D.1936 realizedthathecouldwinsupportfortheUnionathomeandabroadbymakingthewarajustwaragainstslavery.FrederickDouglassGeorgeWashingtonJohnAdamsAbrahamLincolnButevenaftertheabolitionofslavery,organizedorindividualdiscriminationwaspracticedagainst .Chinese-AmericansAmericanIndiansJapanese-AmericansblackAmericansFrom1948to1966averageyearlygrowthinrealspendableearningswas percentintheStates.A.1.1B.2.1C.3.1D.4.1Afteraperiodofprosperity(1920~1929),governmentinvolvementintheeconomyincreased .duringtheGreatDepressionaftertheWWIaftertheWWIIduringtheColdWarTheUnitedStatesgrowsnearly oftheworld'sgrainandsuppliesahalfofalltheexportsofintheworld.onethirdonefourthonesixthoneseventhThroughtheDepartmentof ,thePresidentisresponsiblefortheprotectionofAmericansabroadandofforeignnationalsintheUnitedStates.StateJusticeLaborDefenseThecommunitycollegeembodies beliefthataneducationshouldbepracticalaswellasliberal.GeorgeWashington'sThomasJefferson'sAbrahamLincoln'sFranklinRoosevelt'sTheexploratoryvoyagemadeby broughttoaclosetoaneraofEuropeandiscoveryofAustraliathathadlastednearlytwohundredyears.ArthurPhilipMathewFlindersPortJacksonPeterLalorAftertheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWar,AustraliafollowedBritain'sleadanddeclaredwaron .JapanTurkeyItalyGermanyTheEuropeandiscoveryofCanadacanbetracedbacktotheendofthe century.14th15th16th17thNorthernprovincesandterritoriestaleup ofCanada.halftwothirdsonethirdfourfifthsInNewZealand,hydroelectricityfromriversanddamssupplies oftotalenergy.A.15%B.16%C.17%D.18%IntheUnitedStates,Halloweenisnight-time holiday.children'smen'swomen'soldmen'sAustraliaisgenerallydividedintothefollowingthreetopographicalregionsexcept .theGreatWesternPlateautheOutbacktheEasternHighlandstheCentralEasternLowlandsInBritainthesuccessionorderoftheCrowncanbealteredonlybycommonconsentof .allmembersoftheroyalfamilytheHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommonscabinetandministrythecountriesoftheCommonwealthNewZealandistheworld'slargestexportersof .lambexpertisehoneypotatoesToday isIreland'smostinfluentialdaily.theIrishPresstheIrishIndependencetheIrishTimestheIrishDailyIntheUnitedStates, isaleadingcommercialcropintheSouth.cottontobaccopeanutappleDirectionsReadeachofthefollowingstatementscarefullyandseeifitistrueoffalse.PutTifyouitistrueofFifyouthinkitisfalseinthecorrespondingspaceonyouanswersheet.(15%) WilliamWalworthlaunchedthePeasantRevoltof1381inEngland. IntheEnglishCivilWar,thePuritanswerenottheKing'sopponents. TheChartistscouldberoughlydividedintotwogroups:theMoralForceChartistsandthePhysicalForceChartists. InBritain,changesofGovernmentdonotinvolvechangesindepartmentalstaff,whocontinuetocarryouttheirdutieswhicheverpartyisinpower. TheBritishcriminallawpresumestheinnocenceoftheaccuseduntilhehasbeenprovenguiltybeyondreasonabledoubt. AscommittedtothegoalofaunitedIreland,DublinrefusestonegotiateasettlementoftheproblemofNorthernIrelandwithLondon. Aftertheabolitionofslavery,organizedorindividualdiscriminationwasneverpracticedagainstblackAmericans. WhentheKoreanWarbrokeoutinJune,1950,Trumansentthe7thFleettotheTaiwanStraitspreventthePLAfromliberatingTaiwan. CanadapossessesrichandvastnaturalresourceswhicharesignificantintheCanadianeconomy. TherichgreenmountainsandvalleysmakeNewBrunswickNovaScotia,PrinceEdwardisland,andNewfoundlandthemostbeautifulinCanada. ThemineralsandenergyindustryissupplementarytotheAustralianeconomy. CaptainMatthewFlinder'sexploratory voyagetoAustraliabetween1802and1803broughtclosetoaneraofEuropeandiscovery. In1995,about14%oftheUSpopulationlivedunderthepovertyline. In1948,IrelandvoteditselfoutoftheBritishCommonwealth. FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsofelementary,secondaryandhighereducation.Directions:Foreachofthefollowingblanks,onlyonewordissuitable.Writethewordinthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.(25%)TheEnglandCivilWarnotonlyoverthrew inEngland,butalsounderminedthefeudalruleEurope.Twoofthemostimportantliterarywritersofthelate17thCenturyEnglandwere and .werePuritans.DuringtheWWII,theleadersoftheUnitedStates,theSovietUnionandBritainmetat , and conferences.TheAmericanWarofIndependenceshowthata nationcandefeata one.Canada'searlyeconomicdevelopmentwasfoundedonanumberofresource-based :fishing,forestry, andmining.Britainisawelfarestatewhichisfundedoutof and .Thegovernmenteducationdepartments educationpoliciesandarealsoresponsibleforthe andtrainingofteachers.TheSouth'slendingindustriesarethosethatmakeuseofthe supplyofnaturalresourcesand materials.TheSenateservesatermof years,andeverytwoyears, oftheSenatorsstandsforre election.FiannaFailcontinuestodemandthattheBritishbewithdrawnfrom butitopposestheuseviolencetoachievethisgoal.Australia'stwoterritoriesareAustralianCapitalTerritoryand .Australia'sruralchildrencanlearntheirlessonsthrougharadioeducationalsystemcalled .AccordingtotheTreatyofWaitangi,ifMaoriownerswantedtosell ,onlytheCrownhadrightto .Mrs.Thatcher'sgovernmentusedboth and policiestoimprovetheefficiencyofBritisheconomyinthe1980's.In1885 wascompletedandthecountrywaslinkedfromcoasttocoast.Irelandisa republicandaunitarystateunderthe1937Constitution.ThehighestpeakofBritainis .Itisabout metershigh,locatedintheHighlandsScotland. isthelargestandmostpopulousofthethreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain.Inthe1770s visitedNewZealandandclaimeditforEngland.TheNewYorkStockMarketcrashof1929markedthebeginningof .By1918car hadreached2.5million,whichshowedtheUnitedStateswasonthewaytobecominganationon .TheParisConferenceendingthe FirstWorldWarwasdominatedbytheBig Four:theUnitedStates, ,France,and .ManyofCanada'searliestsettlementswerefoundedbyfurtradersand .BesidestheGreatLakes,Canadaisalsoendowedwiththree"inlandseas",knownas ,Winnipegand .IntheUK,thepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsintheHousebecomes ,isoneleader,andformsa .TheGovernor-GeneralofaCommonwealthstateisappointedbytheQueenontheadviceof thecountryconcernedandcompletelyindependentoftheBritishGovernment.In1453Englandwasatlastdefeatedinthe YearsWar.AtthattimepowerinEnglandwasinhandsofanumberofrichand nobles.DuringtheFirstCivilWaroftheEnglandBourgeoisRevolution,thosewhostoodonthesideofthewerecalled andthosewhosupportedtheParliamentwerecalled becauseoftheirshorthaircuts.ThelegislativebodyintheprovinceofQuebeciscalledthe"NationalAssembly"whileinitiscalled .Canadianlawhasitssourcein andjudicial ,andalsoinBritish"commonlaw".DuringWorldWarII,Australianwomentookoverthe leftvacantbymenwhowereengagedthe effort.Directions:ExplainthefollowingtermsinEnglish.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.(15%)ThatcherismdiversityofAmericaneducationtheCanadianShieldAustralia'sserviceindustriestheNewDealDirections:Giveabriefanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.(12%)LookataphysicalmapoftheUnitedStatesandfindoutandnamethemainmonitionranges,riversandlakesintheUnitedStates.HowmanyconstituenciesarethereinBritaintoday?HowmanymembersarethereintheHouseofCommons?WhatweretheeffectsofEuropeansettlementontheAborigines?SinnFeinDirections:Writebetween100~150wordsonthefollowingtopicinthecorrespondingspaceonanswersheet.(8%)1.Tellbrieflythehistoryofthetwo-partysystemintheUnitedStates.WhatarethecharacteristicsofthetwomajorpartiesintheUnitedStatestoday?全國高等教育自學(xué)考試模擬試卷(二)英語國家概況參考答案I.CBBDABCDDBABABBDBDCABDACAII.FFTTTFFTTTFTTFTIII.thefeudalsystemJohnBunyon,JohnMiltonTeheran;Yalta;Potsdamstrongindustry;agriculturecontributionsnationalinsurance,taxationformulate;supplyabundant;rawone,onethirdNorthernIrelandNorthernTerritorySchooloftheairland;buymacreconomic,microeconomictheCanadianPacificRailwayParliamentaryBenNevis;1,3000EnglandCaptainJamesCooktheGreatDepressionregistration;wheelsBritain;ItalytrappersGreatBearLake;GreatSlaveLaketheOpposition,ShadowcabinettheministersHundred,ambitiousCavaliers,RoundheadsHouseofAssemblyActs;decisionsjobs,warsIV.ThatcherismTheelectionof1979returnedtheConservativePartytopowerandMargaretThatcherbecamethefirstwomanprimeministerinBritain.HerpoliciesarepopularlyreferredtoasThatcherism.Itincludedthereturntoprivateownershipofstate-ownedindustries,theuseofmonetaristpoliciestocontrolinflation,theweakeningoftradeunions,thestrengtheningoftheroleofmarketforcesintheeconomy,andanemphasisonlawandorder.diversityofAmericaneducationDiversityisconsideredtobeanoutstandingcharacteristicofAmericaneducation.Thiscanbeseennotonlyintype,sizeandcontroloftheinstitutions,buteducationalpoliciesandpractices.AsisstatedbytheTenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,educationisafunctionofthestate,notthefederalgovemment.Aseachstatehasthefreedomtodevelopitsownschoolsystemanddelegatesitspowerovereducationtolocaldistricts,manyvariationscanbefoundintheeducationsystemofthe50states.theCanadianShieldTheCanadianShieldisasemicircularbandofrockyhighlandsandplateausaroundHudsonBayfromthenorthernshoresofQuebectotheArcticshoresoftheNorthwestTerritories.Itisaregionofroundedhills,andtensofthousandsoflakesandswamps.Australia'sserviceindustriesServiceindustriesarealsocalled"tertiaryindusty".Thissectornowincludesanadditional"quaternary"level,whichcoverstheresearch,processingandstorageofinformation.Australia'sservicesectoristhefastestgrowingone.Ithasbeengrowinginimportance,duetohigherlivingstandardsandgreaterdemandformoreandbettertransportandhousing,andtheexpansionbygovernmentofeducational,healthandwelfareservices.theNewDealInordertodealwiththeDepression,PresidentFranklinRooseveltputforwardtheNewDealprogram. passedalotofNewDeallawsandsetupmanyefficientsocialsecuritysystems.TheNewDealhelpedtosaveAmericandemocracyandthedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy.V.LookataphysicalmapoftheUnitedStatesandfindoutandnamethemainmonitionranges,riverslakesintheUnitedStates.TherearetwomainmountainrangesintheUnitedStates.TheyaretheAppalachianMountainsandtheRockyMountains.TherearemanyimportantriversintheUnitedStates.TheMississippiRiveranditstwobranches,theMissouriRiverandtheOhioRiver,flowsouthtotheGulfofMexico.OnthePacificsidetherearetwogreatrivers:theColoradoRiverandtheColumbiaRiver.TheRioGrandeRiverformsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates.OtherwellknownriversincludetheHudsonRiverwhichmeetstheAtlanticOceanatNewYurkandthePotomacboardingthenationalcapitalofWashington.ThemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStatesaretheGreatLakes.TheyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLadeMichigan.HowmanyconstituenciesarethereinBritaintoday?HowmanymembersarethereintheHouseofCommons?Toholdgeneralelections,Britainisdividedinto651constituencies,eachofwhichreturnsonemembertotheHouseofCommons.Thereare651membersintheHouseofCommnos.WhatweretheeffectsofEuropeansettlementontheAborigines?Whitesettlementin1788proveddisastrousfortheAborigines.(1)Aboriginalcultureandsocietyweretotallydisruptedbecauseofatotalconflictofcultures.(2)ThelossolandtowhitepeopleledtothebreakdownoftheirtriballifebecauseAboriginalculturewasbasedontheland.(3)Afterlosingtheirland,Aboriginesbecamedependentonwhitehandouts.TheycopiedtheEuropeanhabitofdrinkingalcohol,whichdestroyedlargenumbersofAborigines.(4)ThewhitesalsobroughtmanydiseaseswhichtheAborigineshadnoresistanceto.(5)Allthese,combinedwiththeviolencebetweenEuropeansandAboriginesresultedinthedrasticallyreductioninAboriginalpopulation.TheAborigineshavealwaysbeeninunfavorablepositioneversince1788.TheAboriginesstillfacelegal,political,economicandsocialdiscriminationtoday.SinnFeinSinnFeinwastheIrishguerrillamovementthatwrestedindependencefromtheBritishin1921.Itspitin1921overtheAnglo-Ir