必修三unit3賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句以及表語(yǔ)從句必修三unit3賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句以及表語(yǔ)從句必修三unit3賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句以及表語(yǔ)從句必修三unit3賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句以及表語(yǔ)從句編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:名詞性從句

主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句，在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

連接詞：that,

whether,

if

（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）

連接代詞：what,

whatever,

who,

whoever,

whom,

whose,

which.

連接副詞：when,

where,

how,

why

一、

賓語(yǔ)從句

賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語(yǔ)從句

1.

由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：

I

realize(

that

)I'm

in

charge

and

that

everybody

accepts

my

leadership.

We

must

never

think

(that)

we

are

good

in

everything

while

others

are

good

in

nothing.

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,

desire,

demand,

request,

command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“（should）+

動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：

I

insist

that

she

(should)

do

her

work

alone.

我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。

The

commander

ordered

that

troops

(should)

set

off

at

once.

司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。

2.

用who，whom,

which,

whose,

what,

when,

where,

why,

how,

whoever,

whatever,

whichever,等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。

I

want

to

know

what

he

has

told

you.

我想知道他告訴了你什么。

She

always

thinks

of

how

she

can

work

well.

她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。

She

will

give

whoever

needs

help

a

warm

support.

她都會(huì)給需要幫助的人熱情的支持。

用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外，whether與if

在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a.

引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí)；b.

引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；c

.

引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；d.

從句后有“or

not”時(shí)；e.

后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。

Whether

there

is

life

on

the

moon

is

an

interesting

question.月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題。

Everything

depends

on

whether

we

have

enough

money.

一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。

TheteacherwilltelluswhethertohavetheexamnextMonday.

注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用

不同時(shí)態(tài)。

I

know

(that)he

will

study

English

next

year.

（從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)）

he

has

studied

English

since

1998.

（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

The

teacher

told

us

that

Tom

had

left

us

for

America．

Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.5.

think,

believe,

imagine,

suppose等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲小?/p>

We

don’t

think

you

are

here.

我們認(rèn)為你不在這

I

don’t

believe

he

will

do

so.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。二、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句：從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。作用:對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。1.表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞連接詞：that/whether/asif/asthough連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞：when/where/why/how/because注意：1.

that在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用，但不能省略；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。

2.

表示

“是否”時(shí),只能用

“whether”引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句

3.

疑問(wèn)詞(

when,

where,

why,

what…)+陳述語(yǔ)序

4.

表語(yǔ)從句可以用as

if/though

引導(dǎo)，“好象…”

It

looks

as

if

it

will

rain

soon.

5.用because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常用于句型：

This

/

That

/

It

is

because

（that）…

Theproblemishowwecanfindhim.Hisquestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.2.名詞主語(yǔ)+be+that引起的表語(yǔ)從句在這種句型中，常用表示事實(shí)，真理的名詞，如：fact,truth或表示看法，觀點(diǎn)的名詞，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主語(yǔ)。如：Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.Thetruthisthatsheisaliar.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)climbtothetopofthehill.主語(yǔ)是表示“建議、命令、要求、計(jì)劃（suggestion,advice,proposal,order,command,request,requirement,demand,plan）”等名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。如:Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setoffearlytomorrow.注意：表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句相同.但:1.that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般不省略.2.if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句.1.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome_______Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which2.SeetheflagontopofthebuildingThatwas_______wedidthismorning.AwhenB.whichC.whereD.what3．Thegovernmenthasannouncedthatamoderncitywillbesetupin______isstillawastelandnow.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where4．Manypeoplewrotearticleson_______LiuXianghadfailedtocompeteintheevent.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that5．Thecouplearespendingtheirholidayon_______isdescribedasoneofthemostbeautifulislands.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where6．Thebookismeantfor_______needsit.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whom7.Inhisspeech,PremierWenJiabaopointsoutthatcreativityis_______ittakestokeepanationhighlycompetitive.A.howB.whatC.whichD.that8．TheexperienceoftheChinesenationatteststoatruth_______anationlosesintimesofdisasterwillbemadeupforbyherprogress.A.thatwhatB.whatC.thatD.whatthat9．_______hasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople,ashortageofpublicvehiclesremainsaseriousproblem.A.ThatB.WhatC.Inspiteofwhat10._______iscertainis_______preventionismoreimportantthantreatment.A.It;thatB.What;thatC.As;whatD.What;what11.Nobodywouldstandoutadmittingthefact,forsomereason,_______theylostthegame.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.why12.—Thepatientlooksmuchbetter._______isitthathasmadehim_______heistoday—Perhapsthespecialmedicineandhisfamily’spatientcare.A．What;thatB．That;thatC．What;whatD．What;which13.Afterthreehours’climbing,theyreached_______theythoughtwastheplacethey’dbeendreamingof.A．whatB．whichC．whereD．that14.Aplanhasbeenputforward_______moregraduatesshouldgotoworkinthecountryA.whenB.thatC.whetherD.howisprettywellunderstood__controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.howisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo_______ittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever17.Thehow-tobookcanbeofhelpto_______wantstodothejob.A.whoB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever18.AgoodfriendofminefromIwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.A.howB.whomC.whenD.whichyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave_______couldbelife’smostimportantdecision—marriage—almostentirelyuptoluck.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what20.—Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport—Noproblem.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.what句型轉(zhuǎn)換：（將每小題中的兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成一個(gè)復(fù)合句）WhatisneededtoopenanonlinestoreIdon'tknow.HowcouldwedeveloptransportationwithoutpollutingtheenvironmentThiswasthefocusofthemeeting.WhenwillwehavethemedicinethatcancurealldiseasesWearediscussingit.WhosebookareyoureadingThisisaproblem.5.WhyisitimportantforustobecomelifelonglearnersMysonasksmeaboutit.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空Thereasonhecamelatewashewascaughtinthetrafficjam.I'vejustreadamovingstorywhichhappenedinYushuEarthquake.Thatismyfaceisbathedintears.Imagineyouareinthissituation,anddiscussyoushoulddosomethingatonce.Thesportthenwasalittledifferentfromwecurrentlyknowasgymnastics.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisisIdisagree.CouldyoupleasetellmeIcangettothenearestbookshop.Severalmodernbuildingsarebeingbuiltinusedtobeamarket.Whatwewereworriedaboutwastheycouldmanagetocontrolthepollution.Iwaslateforschoolthismorning.That'sIstayeduptoolatelastnight.Istayeduptoolatelastnight.That'sIwaslateforschoolthismorning【參考答案及解析】1.C句意：我腦海中突然出現(xiàn)一個(gè)溫情的念頭，用我的零花錢給媽媽買些鮮花作為她的生日禮物。本題考察名詞性從句用法。Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.做Awarmthought的同位語(yǔ)從句。中間被suddenlycametome隔開，增加了試題難度。此外，部分考生由于對(duì)同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句不分，故錯(cuò)選D為答案。2.D表語(yǔ)從句中缺did的賓語(yǔ)。3.A“_______isstillawastelandnow.”做介詞in的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺主語(yǔ)句意為：政府已經(jīng)宣布一座現(xiàn)代化的城市將在這片現(xiàn)在仍是廢墟的地方建成。4.A“_______LiuXianghadfailedtocompeteintheevent.”做介詞on的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句中不缺主干，故排除B和C。另外that不引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句（固定搭配除外），所以排除D。5.B“_______isdescribedasoneofthemostbeautifulislands.”賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，6.Bwhoever在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，部分學(xué)生，因?yàn)橹豢吹浇樵~to，誤認(rèn)為要添whomever做介詞的賓語(yǔ)。7.B“_______ittakestokeepanationhighlycompetitive.”做表語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少takes的賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成ittakessthtodosth結(jié)構(gòu)。8.A本題句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，“_______anationlosesintimesofdisasterwillbemadeupforbyherprogress”做atruth的同位語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中_______anationlosesintimesofdisaster為主語(yǔ)從句。本句共有兩個(gè)從句，故有兩個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。句意為“中華民族的經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明了一個(gè)真理，即，一個(gè)民族在災(zāi)難中失去的，必將從民族的進(jìn)步中得到補(bǔ)償。9.C“_______hasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople”在句中做讓步狀語(yǔ),而D.Thoughwhat錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)?一個(gè)單一的從句不能用兩個(gè)連詞引導(dǎo).句意:盡管在為人們提供更多公交車這件事上,投入了很多,但是公交工具的缺乏,仍然是個(gè)問(wèn)題.“_______iscertain”在句中做主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句缺少一個(gè)主語(yǔ),需要用What;“_______prev