五年高考真題專題語法填空五年高考真題專題語法填空五年高考真題專題語法填空資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月五年高考真題專題語法填空版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：2015～2011年各省市高考題Passage1(2015·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ) 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Yangshuo，China ItwasraininglightlywhenI1(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn'tcare.Afewhours2，I'dbeenathomeinHongKong，with3(it)chokingsmog.Here，theairwascleanandfresh，evenwiththerain. I'dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver4arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese5(painting).Instead，I'dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin，it'sonlyanhouraway6carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter－knowncity. Yangshuo7(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers8(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysit9(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople10(live)inShanghaiandHongKong. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】桂林山水甲天下，陽朔風(fēng)光甲桂林。作者講述了從香港去陽朔旅游時(shí)的所見。1.解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。主句謂語動(dòng)詞使用了過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，根據(jù)語境此處要用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。答案arrived2.解析考查副詞的用法。由語境可知，幾個(gè)小時(shí)之前我還在香港的家中，由此可知before/earlier符合句意。答案before/earlier3.解析考查形容詞性物主代詞的用法?？崭窈竺嬗忻~smog，故要使用形容詞性物主代詞。答案its4.解析考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)不難判斷這是一個(gè)定語從句。先行詞為指物的mountaintopsanddarkwaters，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，因此答案為that/which。答案that/which5.解析考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)?！皊omany＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”為一常用短語。答案paintings6.解析考查介詞的固定用法。根據(jù)句意可知，這只是驅(qū)車一小時(shí)的路程?！癰y＋交通工具名詞”為一固定短語。答案by7.解析考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。本段介紹陽朔的自然條件，屬客觀事實(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，由于主語是單數(shù)第三人稱形式，因此答案為is。答案is8.解析考查過去分詞短語作后置定語的用法。study與conduct之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞形式。此外，by是解題的關(guān)鍵詞，conductedby...意為“由……所做的”。答案conducted9.解析考查副詞的用法。該詞修飾謂語動(dòng)詞arrange，故要用其副詞形式。答案regularly10.解析考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語的用法。由于live與其所修飾的名詞people之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用表示主動(dòng)意義的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。答案livingPassage2(2015·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ) 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Theadobedwellings(土坯房)1(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven2mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir3(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout4(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat5(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough6(cool)thehouseduringthehotday：7thesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle8(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As9(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly10thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】相比現(xiàn)代化的建筑，簡(jiǎn)陋的土坯房可謂丑陋不堪。但當(dāng)代的建筑師卻對(duì)其情有獨(dú)鐘。短文主要介紹了土坯房能夠調(diào)節(jié)溫度的原理。1.解析考查過去分詞短語作后置定語。主語dwellings與動(dòng)詞build之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。又由by一詞的暗示也可知用表示被動(dòng)意義的過去分詞。答案built2.解析考查定冠詞的用法?？崭裰鬄樾稳菰~的最高級(jí)形式，故填定冠詞。答案the3.解析考查形容詞與名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞their之后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，故將able轉(zhuǎn)化為其名詞形式。答案ability4.解析考查介詞的用法。介詞without之后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞形式。答案using5.解析考查副詞的用法。由土坯制成的墻壁在炎熱的白天吸收太陽的熱量并在涼爽的夜間慢慢將熱量釋放出來。修飾謂語動(dòng)詞giveout，因此要用副詞形式。答案slowly6.解析考查固定句式的用法?！靶稳菰~＋enough＋動(dòng)詞不定式”為一常用句式。答案tocool7.解析考查固定短語的用法。atthesametime意為“同時(shí)”，是一個(gè)常用介詞短語。答案at8.解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了土坯房冬暖夏涼的原理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。答案goes9.解析考查形容詞的用法。修飾名詞architects，故要用形容詞形式。答案natural10.解析考查賓語從句的連接詞用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)賓語從句。根據(jù)形容詞thick及結(jié)構(gòu)可知這里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墻的確切厚度。所以答案為how。答案howPassage3(2015·福建) 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)以下提示：1)漢語提示，2)首字母提示，3)語境提示，在每個(gè)空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z單詞，所填單詞要求意義準(zhǔn)確，拼寫正確。 Sometimeswehavedisagreementswithpeople.Whenthis(1)h，theimportantthingistotrynottoletacalmdiscussionturnintoaheatedargument.Here(2)mytipsforyou. The(3)f thingIwouldsayisthatthewayyoubegintheconversationisveryimportant. Imagineyouareastudentandyoushareaflat(4) anotherstudentwhoyouthinkisn'tdoinghershareofthehousework.Ifyousay,“Look,youneverdoyourshareofthehousework.(5)areyougoingtodoaboutit”，thediscussionwillverysoonturnintoanargument.It'smuchmore(6)(有幫助)tosaysomethinglike,“Ithinkwehad(7)b haveanotherlookabouthowwedivideupthehousework.Maybethereisabetterwayofdealingwithit.” Mysecondpieceof(8)a issimple.Ifyou'rethepersonwhoisinthewrong,justadmitit!Thisistheeasiestandbestwaytoavoidanargument.Justmakean(9)(道歉),andmoveon.Theotherpersonwillhavemorerespectforyou(10)thefutureifyoudothat. 答案1.happens2.are3.first4.with5.What6.helpful/beneficial7.better8.advice9.apology10.inPassage4(2015·湖南) Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyfillingineachblankwithonewordthatbestfitsthecontext. Researchhasbecomebothsimplerandmorecomplex.It'ssimplerbecause,1youhaveacomputer,youcanfindinformationyouneedbysearchingtheInternet.Forallyourinformation,youdon'thavetogoto2librarytofindtherelevantresourceandtakenotesonit.Instead,youcanfindsomesourcesfromtheInternet3printthecopiesneeded.Remember,however,thatyoushouldusuallyconsultdifferenttypesofsources.Thatis,you4alwaysrelyjustontheInternetforyourresearch. Whilefindinginformationiseasierthanever,atthesametime,researchinghasbecome5complex.Thereisalotmorematerialavailable,whichmeansyoumaybeoverwhelmed6theamountofinformation.Youneedtolearn7tosortthroughandfindtherelevantinformationforyourparticularproject.Also,8needtochecktheaccuracyofit. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】隨著電腦和因特網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，研究變得既簡(jiǎn)單又復(fù)雜。一方面，我們不必像以往一樣在書中搜索資料，這為我們提供了極大的方便；另一方面，網(wǎng)絡(luò)中眾多的資料良莠不齊，選擇準(zhǔn)確的信息使我們的工作變得愈加復(fù)雜。1.解析考查狀語從句。根據(jù)句意，如果你有了電腦，你可以通過上網(wǎng)獲得所需的信息。答案if2.解析考查冠詞。gotothelibrary去圖書館；inthelibrary在圖書館。答案the3.解析考查連詞。and連接并列謂語find和print。答案and4.解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文你應(yīng)該(should)查閱不同的資料。答案shouldn't5.解析考查形容詞比較級(jí)。參見上文第一句morecomplex。答案more6.解析考查介詞。beoverwhelmedwith面臨，陷入。答案with7.解析考查疑問詞。根據(jù)句意，你需要學(xué)習(xí)如何分類并找到特定任務(wù)的相關(guān)信息。howtodo是含有疑問詞的不定式，在此處作賓語。答案how8.解析考查代詞。參見上文Youneedtolearnhowtosortthroug...答案youPassage5(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ) 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式 Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?

In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland，Ohio.It1(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit2(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now，yearslater，thisriverisoneof3mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup. Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays4evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork5(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris6(clean)thanever. Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit7isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?

Whilethereare8(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe9(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe10(patience).1.解析文章講的是1969年的事情，故用過去時(shí)。答案was2.解析修飾動(dòng)詞caught，用副詞actually“實(shí)際上”。答案actually3.解析mostoutstanding是最高級(jí)，前面需要加the。答案the4.解析河流不是幾天或者幾個(gè)月里就改變了的，這里兩個(gè)時(shí)間是選擇關(guān)系，故用or。答案or5.解析這里考查固定句型：Ittakessometimetodosth“做某事花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”。故應(yīng)填不定式toreduce。答案toreduce6.解析根據(jù)下文than知用形容詞的比較級(jí)。答案cleaner7.解析habit是先行詞，故用that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句。答案that/which8.解析是“令人吃驚的”，用形容詞修飾名詞stories，而amazed指“人感到吃驚的”，用來修飾人。答案amazing9.解析根據(jù)句子的謂語“are”可知主語應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。答案changes10.解析根據(jù)空格前系動(dòng)詞“be”可知這里應(yīng)為形容詞。答案patientPassage6(2014·廣東) 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。 Lastyear，mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid1wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent，wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame，wewereready. Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths2(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We3(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek，4fortheweekafter.Ididn'tunderstand5thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged6thereservation.What'sworse，thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo，themanagercameout.Shewas7(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon8topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom，andweweren'tchargedextra. Thenextday，mybrotherandIwenttothebeach9wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle10(sunburn)，butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文，記述了我和我兄弟去Miami(邁阿密)旅游，當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)目的地后，來到六個(gè)月前訂的賓館，卻意外被告知訂的房間是下個(gè)星期的，且該賓館房間已訂滿。正當(dāng)不知如何辦時(shí)，經(jīng)理出來了，將他們安排在留出來的VIP房間，且不另外收他們的錢，真是喜出望外的事。1.解析在said后的賓語從句中缺主語，應(yīng)填代詞；指代前句中的Miami這個(gè)地方，應(yīng)用it。答案it2.解析在句中作狀語，依然用副詞；不變?cè)~性，因?yàn)槭禽^早的做的事，所以用比較級(jí)。答案earlier3.解析由句意可知，是“我們被告知”，由上下文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案weretold4.解析根據(jù)上下句意，意為“不是為那個(gè)星期訂的，而是為后一個(gè)星期所訂的”，為not...but...結(jié)構(gòu)。答案but5.解析意為“我不知道為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事”，故用why引導(dǎo)賓語從句。答案why6.解析charge...for...是習(xí)慣搭配。答案for7.解析因本句已有作表語的形容詞helpful，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞來修飾形容詞helpful，指“令人驚訝地，意外地”，故填surprisingly。答案surprisingly8.解析特指“在頂樓”。答案the9.解析先行詞是地點(diǎn)thebeach，且在定語從句中作狀語，故填where(＝onwhich＝andonthebeach＝andthere)。答案where10.解析在表示“變化”的got后作表語，要用形容詞；sunburn是名詞，其形容詞形式是burnt或burned。答案sunburnt/sunburnedPassage7(2014·福建) 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)以下提示：1)漢語提示，2)首字母提示，3)語境提示，在每個(gè)空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z單詞，所填單詞要求意義準(zhǔn)確，拼寫正確。 Manyofuswereraisedwiththesaying“Wastenot，wantnot.”Noneofus，(1)h，cancompletelyavoidwasteinourlives. Anykindofwasteisthoughtless.Whetherwewasteourpotentialtalents，ourowntime，ourlimitednatural(2)(資源)，ourmoney，orotherpeople'stime，eachofuscanbecomemoreawareandcareful.Thesmallestgoodhabitscanmakeabig(3)d.It'sagoodfeelingtoknowinourheartswearedoingour(4)binaworldthatisinserioustrouble.Byfocusingon(5)(節(jié)省)oil，water，paper，food，andclothing，weareplayingapart(6)cuttingdownonwaste. Wemustkeepreminding(7)(自己)thatitiseasiertogetintosomething(8)itistogetoutofit.Actually，severedamage(9)dtoourlandisfairlyrecentinthehistoryofourevolution.It'stimeforusto(10)notowastesothatourgrandchildren'schildrenwillbeabletodevelopwell.Wecan'tsolvealltheproblemsofwaste，butwecanencouragemindfulness. Wastenot!1.解析句意：然而，在我們的生活中，沒有人能完全避免浪費(fèi)。位于句中，前后都有逗號(hào)，用副詞，所以填however。答案however2.解析作waste的賓語，故用名詞形式，且用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。答案resources3.解析句意：最小的好習(xí)慣也會(huì)起作用。makeadifference是固定用法，意思是有影響，起作用。答案difference4.解析doone'sbest是固定用法，意思是盡某人最大的努力。答案best5.解析介詞on之后用動(dòng)詞的－ing形式。答案saving6.解析playapartin是固定用法，意思是“在……中起作用”。答案in7.解析句意：我們必須不斷地提醒我們自己，所以填反身代詞ourselves。答案ourselves8.解析這里進(jìn)行比較，所以用比較句式，故填than。答案than9.解析“嚴(yán)重危害”和“作用于”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。答案done10.解析句意：是時(shí)候?qū)Α袄速M(fèi)”說不了。Itistimeforsbtodosth是固定用法，意思是“是時(shí)候做某事了?！贝鸢竤ayPassage8(2014·湖南) Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyfillingineachblankwithonewordthatbestfitsthecontext. Wecanchooseourfriends，butusuallywecannotchooseourneighbors.However，togetahappyhomelife，wehavetogetalongwith1aswellaspossible. Animportantqualityinaneighborisconsiderationfor2.Peopleshouldnotdothings3willdisturbtheirneighborsunnecessarily.Forexample，televisionsetsneednotbeplayedatfullvolume(音量)4loudpopmusicshouldnotbeplayedverylateatnight.Byavoidingthingslikelytoupsetyourneighbors，youcanenjoy5friendlyrelationshipwiththem. Anequallyimportantqualityistolerance.Neighborsshoulddoalltheycantoavoiddisturbingotherpeople，6therearetimeswhensomelevelofdisturbanceisunavoidable.7neighborswanttogetalongwellwitheachother，theyhavetoshowtheirtolerance.Inthisway，everyonewilllive8peace. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】我們可以選擇朋友，卻無法選擇鄰居；因此處理好鄰里關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。該篇文章主要說明如何處理好鄰里關(guān)系。1.解析根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)此處缺少getalongwith的賓語，根據(jù)上下文句意所填詞匯應(yīng)是前文提到的neighbors，故用代詞them。答案them2.解析根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)此處缺少介詞for的賓語，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞，根據(jù)下文意思可以總結(jié)出“好鄰居的重要品質(zhì)是為他人著想”，故填others。答案others3.解析分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句中需要填的是定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是things指物，在從句中做主語，故用that/which。答案that/which4.解析此處缺少連詞，根據(jù)句意可知上下文是并列加順延的關(guān)系，故用and。答案and5.解析此處考查冠詞。relationship此處作可數(shù)名詞，且第一次出現(xiàn)，用a。答案a6.解析此處缺少連詞。根據(jù)語境：“鄰居們應(yīng)該盡其所能避免打攪別人，但有時(shí)一些攪擾是不可避免的”。此處上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。答案but7.解析此處缺少連詞。根據(jù)句意：“如果鄰居們想要和睦相處他們應(yīng)互相忍讓?！彼钤~匯應(yīng)能引導(dǎo)條件狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句，故用If或When。答案If/When8.解析此處考查固定短語的介詞搭配。根據(jù)句意，這樣，大家都能和平共處，故用in，“inpeace”和平地。答案inPassage9(2013·廣東) 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。 Oneday，Nickinvitedhisfriendstosupper.Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly，he1(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.SoNickcalledtohisson，“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt，butpayafairpriceforit：neithertoomuch2toolittle.” Hissonlookedsurprised.“IcanunderstandwhyIshouldn'tpaytoomuch，F(xiàn)ather，butifIcanpayless,3notsaveabitofmoney？” “Thatwouldbeavery4(reason)thingtodoinabigcity，butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours，”Nicksaid. Nick'sguests,5hadheardtheirconversation，askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.Nickreplied，“Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsalt6alowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.Andanyonewhotookadvantageofthatsituationwouldbeshowingalackofrespect7thesweatandstruggleofthemanwhoworkedveryhardtoproduceit.” “Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't8(possible)destroyavillage.” “Inthebeginning,therewasonly9verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld，buteveryoneaddedalittle，always10(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant，andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.” 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文通過Nick叫兒子去買鹽要給合理價(jià)格的故事說明，一定要公平對(duì)待他人，尊重努力工作的人的汗水和努力。1.解析動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。在主格人稱代詞he后應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞，由語境可知用一般過去時(shí)。答案found2.解析并列連詞。nor構(gòu)成并列連詞neither...nor。答案nor3.解析連接副詞。whynotdosth(何不做某事)

是固定句式。

答案why4.解析詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。在名詞前作定語要用形容詞。答案reasonable5.解析非限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作主語，先行詞是人，故填who。答案who6.解析介詞。因名詞alowprice在句中不作主語、動(dòng)詞的賓語，應(yīng)為介詞的賓語；根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配，用介詞at。答案at7.解析介詞。showrespectfor表示尊重。答案for8.解析副詞。修飾謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，用副詞。答案possibly9.解析不定冠詞。asmallamountof(少量的)是固定搭配。答案a10.解析非謂語動(dòng)詞。因everyone與think是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作added的伴隨狀語。答案thinkingPassage10(2011·廣東) 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。 One