2021年11月CATTI英語二級筆譯真題及參考譯文(2021-11-0820:05:12)轉載▼標簽：英語翻譯英語學習2021年11月CATTI英語二級筆譯真題及參考譯文ECPassage1You'vetemporarilymisplacedyourcellphoneandanxiouslyretraceyourstepstotrytofindit.Orperhapsyouneverletgoofyourphone—it'salwaysinyourhand,yourpocket,oryourbag,readytobeansweredorconsultedatamoment'snotice.Whenyourbatteryliferunsdownattheendoftheday,youfeelthatyoursisrunninglowaswell.Newresearchshowsthatthere'sapsychologicalreasonforsuchextremephonedependence:Accordingtotheattachmenttheory,forsomeofus,ourphoneservesthesamefunctionastheteddybearweclungtoinchildhood.你有過這種經(jīng)歷嗎？一時放錯了地址，忘了在哪，急急忙忙返回尋覓；從不離身，老是握在手里，揣在兜里或放在包里，時刻預備回答消息，查找內容。一成天過去了，一旦覺察沒電，簡直感覺自己也要沒電了。最新研究揭露了極端“依托癥”背后的心理動因：依照依戀理論，簡直成了咱們大多數(shù)人小時候戀戀不舍的泰迪熊。Attachmenttheoryproposesthatourearlylifeexperienceswithparentsresponsibleforourwell-being,areattherootofourconnectionstotheadultswithwhomweformcloserelationships.Importantly,attachmentinearlylifecanextendtoinanimateobjects.Teddybears,forexample,serveas“transitionalobjects.”Theteddybear,unliketheparent,isalwaysthere.Weextendourdependenceonparentstotheseanimals,andusethemtohelpusmovetoanindependentsenseofself.依戀理論以為，兒童自幼是不是在父母的呵護下健康成長，這種相處體驗組成了其往后與其他成年人成立親熱關系的基礎。更為重要的是，幼年的依戀心理，還可能轉移到物體上去，泰迪熊確實是一個典型例子。泰迪熊與父母的區(qū)別在于，它會一直在陪你身旁。兒童把對父母的依托心理延伸到毛絨玩具身上，由此成立起自我獨立意識。Acellphonehasthepotentialtobea“compensatoryattachment”object.Althoughphonesareoftencastigatedfortheiraddictivepotential,scientistsciteevidencethatsupportstheideathathealthy,normaladultsalsoreportsignificantemotionalattachmenttospecialobjects”也可能成為這種“依戀替代品”。雖然常常因為致人上癮而備受詬病，科學家仍是援引了相關證據(jù)來支持如此一種觀點：“身心健康的正常成年人也會對特殊物品產生強烈的情感依戀”。Indeed,cellphoneshavebecomeapervasivefeatureofourlives:Thenumberofcellphonesubscriptionsexceedsthetotalpopulationoftheplanet.TheaverageamountofmobileorsmartphoneuseintheU.S.is3.3hoursperday.Phoneshavedistinctadvantages.Theycanbekeptbyyoursideandtheyprovideasocialconnectiontothepeopleyoucareabout.Evenifyou'renottalkingtoyourfriends,lover,orfamily,youcankeeptheirphotoscloseby,readtheirmessages,andfollowthemonsocialmedia.Youcantracktheminrealtimebutalsolookbackonmemorablemomentstogether.Thesechannelshelpyou“feellessalone”.毫無疑問，在生活中無處不在：全世界用戶數(shù)量已超過全世界總人口。美國人平均天天利用移動或智能的時刻為3.3小時。的優(yōu)勢顯而易見：能夠隨身攜帶，還能方便與自己關心的人維持聯(lián)系。就算無法與朋友、戀人、家人直接通話，至少里的照片、短信能讓你感覺他們近在咫尺。你也能夠關注他們的社交媒體賬號，不僅能實時了解其狀態(tài)，還能回憶過去與之相處的難忘剎時。所有這些，都足以讓你“不那么孤單”。ECPassage2Manycountrieshaveadoptedtheprincipleofsustainabledevelopmentitcancombatenvironmentdeteriorationinairquality,waterqualityandproductionindevelopingcountries.Healtheducationservesasaviableroleforeverymemberintheworld.Butsomearguethatit'savagueidea,someorganizationsmayuseitinitsowninterests,whetherenvironmentaloreconomicisthenatureofinterests.Othersarguethatsustainabledevelopmentindevelopingcountriesoverlookthelocalcustoms,habitudeandpeople.為應付廣大進展中國家所面臨的環(huán)境惡化問題，保障空氣質量、水質和生產平安，許多國家紛紛制定可持續(xù)進展戰(zhàn)略。實踐證明，衛(wèi)生教育對推動世界各國的進展具有切實可行性。但有人以為，可持續(xù)進展的概念不夠明晰，淪為部份組織謀取自身利益的工具，置環(huán)境或經(jīng)濟負面效應于不顧。還有人以為，進展中國家在實施可持續(xù)進展戰(zhàn)略進程中，時常忽略民風、風俗和民生問題。Whereasinterdependenceisdesirableduringtimesofpeace,warnecessitatescompetitionandindependence.Tariffsandimportationlimitsstrengthenacountry'seconomicvitalitywhilepotentiallyweakeningtheeconomiesofitsenemies.Moreover,protectionismintheweaponsindustryishighlydesirableduringsuchcircumstancesbecauserelianceonanotherstateforarmamentscanbefatal.在和平年代，各國之間彼此依存、共謀進展，戰(zhàn)爭時期，各國又彼此競爭，追求獨立。關稅和入口限制政策有助于增強本國經(jīng)濟活力，同時減弱敵國的經(jīng)濟增加潛力。再者，戰(zhàn)爭時期，武器制造行業(yè)采取珍惜主義，可幸免對外過度依托，珍惜本國免蒙受致命沖擊。Forthemostpart,economistsemphasizethenegativeeffectsofprotectionism.Itreducesinternationaltradeandraisespricesforconsumers.Inaddition,domesticfirmsthatreceiveprotectionhavelessincentivetoinnovate.Althoughfreetradeputsuncompetitivefirmsoutofbusiness,thedisplacedworkersandresourcesareultimatelyallocatedtootherareasoftheeconomy.經(jīng)濟學家多半強調珍惜主義的負面效應，以為珍惜主義不僅減弱了國際貿易，還抬升了消費價錢。不僅如此，在貿易珍惜傘下受到恩蔭的本土企業(yè)往往因此喪失了創(chuàng)新動力。在自由貿易的浪潮下，雖然缺乏競爭力的公司多以破產收場，但因此失業(yè)的工人和閑置的資源，仍然能夠在其他經(jīng)濟領域找到用武之地。Imposingquotasisamethodusedtoprotecttrade,sinceforeigncompaniescannotshipmoreproductsregardlessofhowlowtheysettheirprices.Countriesthathopetohelpanewindustrythrivelocallyoftenimposequotasonimportedgoods.Theybelievethatsuchrestrictionsallowentitiesinthenewindustrytodeveloptheirowncompetitiveadvantagesandproducetheproductsefficiently.設定限額是貿易珍惜方式的一種，在此情形下，不論商品定價多低，國外企業(yè)得以進駐市場的產品數(shù)量始終有限。各國通常會對入口產品采取限額政策，以推動本國新興產業(yè)的進展。經(jīng)濟學家以為，此類限制政策有助于新興產業(yè)實體充分提升自身競爭力及商品生產效率。Protectionism'spurposeisusuallytocreatejobsfordomesticworkers.Companiesthatoperateinindustriesprotectedbyquotashireworkerslocally.Anotherdisadvantageofquotasisthereductioninthequalityofproductsintheabsenceofcompetitionfromforeigncompanies.Withoutcompetition,localfirmsarelesslikelytoinvestininnovationandimprovetheirproductsandservices.Domesticsellersdon'thaveanincentivetoenhanceefficiencyandlowertheirprices,andundersuchconditions,consumerseventuallypaymoreforproductsandservicestheycouldreceivefromforeigncompetitors.Aslocalcompanieslosecompetitiveness,theybecomepressuredtooutsourcejobs.Inthelong-run,increasingprotectionismcommonlyleadstolayoffsandeconomicslowdown.貿易主義政策通常旨在制造本土就業(yè)職位。受益于限額政策的業(yè)內公司通常只雇傭本地工人。限額排除外國對手的競爭壓力，致使國內產品的質量有所下降，這是限額政策的另一缺點。缺少競爭對手的刺激，本土企業(yè)往往再也不大力投入創(chuàng)新，產品與效勞質量也會大打折扣。國內商家既不注重提升生產效率、也不推出價錢優(yōu)惠方式，久而久之，消費者們寧愿花費更多錢財，去購買國外商家更勝一籌的產品與效勞。而本土企業(yè)一旦喪失競爭力，就不能不外包產品和效勞。從久遠來看，珍惜主義盛行，通常會致使企業(yè)裁員，引發(fā)經(jīng)濟衰退。CEPassage1人類在漫長進展進程中制造了豐碩多彩的世界文明，中華文明是世界文明多樣性、多元化的重要組成部份。中醫(yī)藥作為中華文明的杰出代表，是中國各族人民在幾千年生產生活實踐和與疾病作斗爭中慢慢形成并非斷豐碩進展的醫(yī)學科學，不僅為中華民族繁衍興盛作出了卓越奉獻，也對世界文明進步產生了踴躍阻礙。Humanityhascreatedacolorfulglobalcivilizationinthelongcourseofitsdevelopment,andthecivilizationofChinaisanimportantcomponentoftheworldcivilizationharboringgreatdiversity.AsarepresentativefeatureofChinesecivilization,traditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isamedicalsciencethatwasformedanddevelopedinthedailylifeofthepeopleandintheprocessoftheirfightagainstdiseasesoverthousandsofyears.Ithasmadeagreatcontributiontothenation'sprocreationandthecountry'sprosperity,inadditiontoproducingapositiveimpactontheprogressofhumancivilization.中醫(yī)藥在歷史進展進程中，兼容并蓄、創(chuàng)新開放，形成了獨特的生命觀、健康觀、疾病觀、防治觀，實現(xiàn)了自然科學與人文科學的融合和統(tǒng)一，包括了中華民族深邃的哲學思想。隨著人們健康觀念轉變和醫(yī)學模式轉變，中醫(yī)藥愈來愈顯示出獨特價值。TCMhascreateduniqueviewsonlife,onfitness,ondiseasesandonthepreventionandtreatmentofdiseasesduringitslonghistoryofabsorptionandinnovation.Itrepresentsacombinationofnaturalsciencesandhumanities,embracingprofoundphilosophicalideasoftheChinesenation.Asideasonfitnessandmedicalmodelschangeandevolve,traditionalChinesemedicinehascometounderlineamoreandmoreprofoundvalue.新中國成立以來，中國高度重視和大力支持中醫(yī)藥進展。中醫(yī)藥與西醫(yī)藥優(yōu)勢互補，彼此增進，一路保護和增進民眾健康，已經(jīng)成為中國特色醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生與健康事業(yè)的重要特點和顯著優(yōu)勢。SincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChinain1949,theChinesegovernmenthassetgreatstorebyTCMandrenderedvigoroussupporttoitsdevelopment.TCMandWesternmedicinehavetheirdifferentstrengths.TheyworktogetherinChinatoprotectpeoplefromdiseasesandimprovepublichealth.ThishasturnedouttobeoneoftheimportantfeaturesandnotablestrengthsofmedicinewithChinesecharacteristics.CEPassage2人人有飯吃，是人類最大體的生存權利，是一切人權的基礎。全世界農業(yè)進展取得了長足的進步，但饑餓和貧困仍然是一種“無聲的危機”，是深深困擾全人類的“阿喀琉斯之踵”。目前世界上還有8億多貧困人口面臨著食物不足、營養(yǎng)不良的要挾。增進農業(yè)進展，排除饑餓和貧困，仍然是世界面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)，也是全人類肩負的一路責任。國際社會應當攜起手來，增強農業(yè)合作，更多關注進展中國家、尤其是一些最不發(fā)達國家的訴求。應減少貿易珍惜，增強對最不發(fā)達國家農業(yè)技術、資金等支持，提高全世界農業(yè)生產水平和糧食平安保障水平。Foodforallis,formankind,themostfundamentalrightofsurvival,whichservesasthebasisforallotherhumanrights.Greatprogresshasbeenmadeintheglobalagriculturaldevelopment.Yethungerandpovertyhaveremaineda"silentcrisis".Theyarelikethe"Achillesheel",deeplytroublingallhumanbeings.Over800millionpoorpeopleintheworldstillfacethethreatoffoodshortagesandmalnutrition.Topromoteagriculturaldevelopmentanderadicatehungerandpovertyremainsamajorchallengeoftheworldandacommonresponsibilityofmankind.Theinternationalcommunitymayjoinhandstoenhanc