非謂語動詞之不定式1.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語（動詞+賓語+todo）常見動詞：advice,allow,ask,beg,believe,cause,command,challenge,compel,declare,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,hate,have,help,instruct,intend,invite,judge,leave,let,like,mean,make,need,oblige,order,permit,persuade,prefer,press,recommend,request,teach,tell,tempt,trouble,want,warn,wish,urge例句1：Allowmetodrinktoyoursuccess!例句2：ThereisstillgoodavailabilityofsomeofthehottesttoysthisChristmas,butwestilladviceparentsandshopperstogettostoresasearlyaspossiblenextweek.不定式作定語（名詞+todo）Heisthebesttochoose的兩種理解。賓語關(guān)系被修飾的名詞在邏輯上充當(dāng)不定式的賓語。Ihavealettertowrite.Ineedapentowrite.Ineedsomepapertowrite.做不定式中動詞的賓語Wehadalongjourneytomakebeforenightfall.Igavethekidacomictoread.【注意】不定式中的動詞已經(jīng)有了自己的邏輯賓語，那么這個動詞之后就不能再有賓語了。因此不能說Igavethekidacomictoreadit.做不定式中介詞的賓語兩種情況：有的介詞是與動詞構(gòu)成搭配，有的介詞是與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成搭配。例句1：Shehasfourchildrentotakecareof.例句2：Ihadnoplacetolivein.例句3：Theysayapersonneedsjustthreethingstobetrulyhappyinthisworld---someonetolove,somethingtodoandsomethingtohopefor.例句4：Youjustregardmeasathing,anobjecttolookat,touse,totouchbutnottolistentoortotakeseriously.例句5：Whydon’tyougetabackpacktocarryyourbooksin?例句6：Ineedtobuyanoutfitforthegymtoexercisein.例句7：IfIwereabroad,I’dtravelaroundthecountryasmuchasIcouldandtrytofindasmanypeopleaspossible,notonlytopracticethelanguageonbuttohavediscussionswith,andI’dhopetomakesomerealfriends.主語關(guān)系被修飾的名詞在邏輯上充當(dāng)不定式中動詞的主語。ThemantohelpyouisMr.Yang.Haveyougotakeytounlockthisdoor?同位語關(guān)系不定式短語的內(nèi)容是對被修飾的名詞的進(jìn)一步說明。例句1：Theneedtoloveandtobelovedseemsuniversal.Maybethisisonetraitthatseparateshumanbeingsfromotheranimals.這類名詞常是與動詞和形容詞相關(guān)的名詞。要求與不定式連用的動詞(arrangement,attempt,claim,discussion,hope,determination,failure,need,plan,promise,refusal,tendency,threat)或形容詞(ability,ambition,anxiety,eagerness,inclination,reluctance)，它們的名詞也要和不定式連用。例句組1：Herefusedtocooperatewithus.Hisrefusaltocooperatemakesusangry.例句組2：Idon’twishtochange.Ihavenowishtochange.狀語關(guān)系RoleplayingisasafeandenjoyablewaytolearnEnglish.Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasprocess.ThetimetogoisJuly.AgoodplacetoeatistheSichuanrestaurantaroundthecorner.【小試牛刀】Theirlittlebitoflanddoesn’tprovideenoughfoodto______.liveonB.liveC.liveinD.liveupIgotoutsomemorechairsfortheotherguests______.tositB.tositonC.sitonD.sitIneedapieceofpaperto_______.writeonB.writeC.bewrittenD.writewithHewasthefirst_______andthelast_____arriving;leavingB.toarrive;toleaveC.arrive;leaveD.forarriving;forleavingAirpollutionhasbeengreatlyreduced,sothiscityisstill_______.agoodplacetoliveagoodplacetoliveinagoodplacetobelivedinagoodplaceforlivingin.不定式之形容詞+todo賓語關(guān)系（一）Heisinterestingtolistento例句1：Heiseasytofool.例句2：Heisdifficulttounderstand例句3：Englishisdifficulttospeak.例句4：Relativitytheoryisn’teasytounderstand.【特點(diǎn)】：句子的表層結(jié)構(gòu)和深層結(jié)構(gòu)不統(tǒng)一句型可變換、還原形容詞側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)“事情”或“活動”的性質(zhì)特征，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)“人”的性質(zhì)特征。動詞是及物動詞且不帶賓語；如果是不及物動詞需要添加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~(Sheisverynicetotalkto)。賓語關(guān)系（二）Thebookisinterestingtobuy.例句1：Thefoodisreadytoeat.例句2：Thewateriswarmtoswimin.例句3：Thedormistoonoisytostudyin.例句4：Themoneyisenoughforyoutobuybookswith.【特點(diǎn)】：句子的表層結(jié)構(gòu)和深層結(jié)構(gòu)不統(tǒng)一句型不可變換、還原形容詞側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)“事物”的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)。辨析：Thebediscomfortabletosleepin.主語關(guān)系（一）Heiskindtohelpus.Heiskindtohelpus.改寫一：Itis...ofsb.todosthItiskindofhimtohelpus.改寫二：so...astodosthHeissokindastohelpus.改寫三：How...ofsbitistodosth!Howkindofhimitistohelpus!例句1：Scottisverygeneroustobealwaysinvitingusoutformeals.例句2：Theboywascarelesstobreakthewindow.例句3：Hewaswrongtotelllies.該句型中形容詞的特點(diǎn)：通常是評價人的行為的形容詞。具體說來，是表示人的性格特征或行為表現(xiàn)的形容詞，如brave,careful,careless,considerate,cowardly,crazy,cruel,modest,rude等。Itiskindofyoutohelpus.Itiseasyforyoutofoolhim.主語關(guān)系（二）Heisgladtohelpus.例句1：I’msorrytohearit.例句2：Iwasexcitedtobethere.例句3：Heisafraidtobefooled.該句型中形容詞的特點(diǎn)：這里的形容詞是表示情感的，具體來說是表示人對某件事的態(tài)度或情感，常常是過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞，如annoyed,astonished,bored,concerned,delighted,depressed,disappointed,disgusted,embarrassed,fascinated,frightened,overwhelmed,overjoyed,perturbed等。主語關(guān)系（三）Heisslowtoreact.例句1：Bobisslowtomakeadecision.例句2：Dowethinkwe’reslowtoadopttochangeorthatwe’renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornortotryatall.該句型中形容詞的特點(diǎn)：這里的形容詞在邏輯語義上說明不定式動作的特點(diǎn)，因而可以把形容詞變成副詞直接修飾動詞，相當(dāng)于方式狀語。不定式作狀語1）目的狀語2）結(jié)果狀語too...to（表示否定，表示肯定之含義）3）條件狀語4）原因狀語不定式的邏輯主語邏輯主語：邏輯主語都是針對非謂語動詞來說的。三種非謂語動詞都有涉及邏輯主語的問題，這是因?yàn)樗鼈兌际莿釉~的變化形式。既然是動詞，就有動作的執(zhí)行者，即主語。之所以稱其為邏輯主語，主要是為了區(qū)別句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的語法主語，因?yàn)榫渥又^語的主語和非謂語動詞的邏輯主語有時并不一致。Hewasanxioustomeetyou.Hewasanxiousforhissistertomeetyou.不定式邏輯主語的構(gòu)成（一）：for+名詞或代詞+todo例句1：Hewasverywillingforeveryoneelsetocome.例句2：Itisverycommonforhimtobeabsentwithoutleave.例句3：It’simportantforyoutogothereinperson.不定式邏輯主語的構(gòu)成（二）：ofsb.todo例句1：Itiswiseofyounottoarguewithyourboss.例句2：Itisgenerousofhimtolendmehiscar.例句3：It’sverycarelessofhimtomakesuchsillymistakes.不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)（一）：被動式（tobedone）綜述不定式作為動詞的一種變化形式，具有動詞的一般特征，既有時態(tài)語態(tài)的變化。英文中將動作的完成程度分為四種，即有四種不同的體態(tài)：一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和完成進(jìn)行式。同理，不定式也具備這四種體態(tài)，而且也有語態(tài)的變化。四種體態(tài)主動被動一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing\完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing\被動不定式一般來說，在句中出現(xiàn)了不定式的動作執(zhí)行者時，用主動形式。如果沒有執(zhí)行者，或不定式所修飾的成分是不定式動作的承受者，則需要使用被動形式。例句1：HewantssomeonetotakesomephotosHewantssomephotostobetaken.例句2：Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.例句3：It’sanhonorformetobeinvitedtoaddresstheinternationalconference.例句4：Shedoesn’tliketobetreatedasadistinguishedguest.例句5：Hewantedthelettertobedeliveredatonce.例句6：Theseshoesaretobewashed不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)（二）：完成式（tohavedone）不定式的完成式主要有三個基本含義：一是表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的動作，其次是表示過去的虛擬。最后，用在某些特定的動詞后，可以表達(dá)一個將來的動作。例句1：I’msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoupleasesendmeNancy’sphonenumber?例句2：I’msorrytohavebotheredyouwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.態(tài)度情感類謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示說話人此刻的心情，用不定式的完成式表示過去發(fā)生的動作。例句1：IamsorrynottohavecomeonThursday.例句2：I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingvs.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.例句3：We’rehappytovisitsomanyhistoricplacesinBeijing.We’rehappytohavevisitedsomanyhistoricplacesinBeijing.觀點(diǎn)類謂語例句1：ThemarathonhasbeenatraditionalpartoftheOlympicssince1896.Legendsaysthatamessengerran42km,withoutstopping,fromthebattlefieldatMarathontoAthens.Afterherep