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專八人文知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)匯總專八人文知識(shí),包括英國(guó)概況,英國(guó)文學(xué),美國(guó)概況,美國(guó)文學(xué),其他國(guó)家概況和語(yǔ)音知識(shí)。僅以此文與一同奔跑在專八路上的童鞋們分享。TEM-8,fighting!!!一、英國(guó)篇之人文知識(shí)題1._____isafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbyAnglo-Saxonsfromtheircontinentalhomes,itisalongpoemofover3000linesandthenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.ABeowulfBsirGawainCtheCanterburytaleDkingArthurandhisknights1.Beowulf是Anglo-Saxon時(shí)代留下的重要的古英語(yǔ)文學(xué)作品,它被認(rèn)為是英國(guó)的民族史詩(shī).sirGawainandthegreenknight,kingArthurandhisknightsoftheroundtable是中古英語(yǔ)時(shí)期的浪漫傳奇.theCanterburytale是英國(guó)大詩(shī)人喬叟的一部詩(shī)體短篇小說(shuō)集2.ThefatherofEnglishpoetry,theauthorofTroilusandCriseydeisalsotheoneof___ARomeoandJulietBthefaeriequeenCTamburlaincDtheCanterburytales喬叟被譽(yù)為英國(guó)詩(shī)歌之父,TroilusandCriseyde是他的重要作品之一3.ThegroupofShakespeareplaysknownas"romance"or"reconciliationplays"is_____AmerchantofVenice,asyoulikeitBthetempest,pericles,thewinter'staleCRomeoandJuliet,antonymandCleopatraD.thetempest,pericles,thewinter'stale,Cymbeline1608-1612被認(rèn)為是莎翁的浪漫劇創(chuàng)作時(shí)期,包括四部浪漫劇和解劇thetempest,pericles,thewinter'stale,Cymbeline.merchantofVenice,asyoulikeit,twelfthnight,themerrywivesofWindsor為莎翁的喜劇,RomeoandJuliet,antonymandCleopatra為悲劇.4.WhichofthefollowingareregardedasShakespeare'sfourgreattragedies?ARomeoandJuliet,hamlet,Othello,KingLearBRomeoandJuliet,hamlet,Othello,MacbethChamlet,Othello,KingLear,MacbethDRomeoandJuliet,Othello,Macbeth,TimonofAthens莎翁最杰出的四大悲劇為hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth5.WhichofthefollowingisnottheworkofFrancisbacon?AadvancementoflearningBnewinstrumentCsongsofinnocenceDessayssongsofinnocence是英國(guó)18世紀(jì)末19世紀(jì)初浪漫主義詩(shī)人WilliamBlake的著作6.Atthebeginningof17thcenturyappearedaschoolofpoetscalledmetaphysicsbySamuelJohnson,____isthefounderofmetaphysicalpoetry.ABenJohnsonBjohnMiltonCjohnBunyanDjohnDonnejohnDonne是17世紀(jì)玄學(xué)派詩(shī)人的重要代表人物,BenJohnson是莎翁同時(shí)代的劇作家,johnMilton,johnBunyan雖都是17世紀(jì)著名作家,但作品風(fēng)格與玄學(xué)派大相徑庭.7.DanielDefoeisafamous____.ApoetBnovelistCplaywrightDessayist..DanielDefoe創(chuàng)作的魯賓遜漂流記為他贏得了英國(guó)小說(shuō)之父的稱號(hào)8."HehasaservantcalledFriday.""he"inthequotedsentenceisacharacterin______.AHenryfielding'stomjonesBjohnBunyan'thepilgrim'sprogressCRichardbrinsleySheridan'stheschoolforscandalDDanielDefoe'sRobinsonCrusoeDanielDefoe創(chuàng)作的魯賓遜漂流記中的主人公RobinsonCrusoe有個(gè)同伴和仆人叫Friday9.Guiiliver'travelwaswrittenby____.ADanielDefoeBCharlesdickensCJonathanswiftDJosephAddisonGuiiliver'travel是Jonathanswift一部極具魅力的兒童故事,同時(shí)包含深刻的思想內(nèi)容10.WilliamWordsworthisgenerallyknownasa____poet.AromanticBrealisticCnaturalisticDneo-classicWilliamWordsworth為英國(guó)浪漫派詩(shī)人11.Britainwasthefirstcountrytoindustrializebecauseofthefollowingfactorsexcept__D___.ABritainwaswellplacedgeographicallytoparticipateinEuropeanandworldtrade.BBritainhadmanyrivers,whichwereusefulfortransport.CBritishengineershadsoundtrainingandtheinventorswererespected.DBritishgovernmentwasincreasinglyinterestedinoverseasandcoloniesafterthe17thcentury.英國(guó)之所以能成為世界上最早開(kāi)始工業(yè)化的國(guó)家,原因有很多。但英國(guó)是從17世紀(jì)以后逐步開(kāi)始對(duì)海外貿(mào)易和開(kāi)拓海外殖民地產(chǎn)生濃厚興趣的。12.TheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchy.Thehasverylittlepower.英國(guó)是君主立憲制國(guó)家,國(guó)王或女王(君主)幾乎沒(méi)什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的權(quán)力。13.hasalwayshadstronglinkswiththetradeunionsandreceivedfinancialsupportfromthem?14.Onaccepting,theageofconstitutionalmonarchy,ofamonarchywithpowerslimitedbyParliament,began.《權(quán)利法案》的簽署,標(biāo)志著英國(guó)進(jìn)入了君主立憲制時(shí)代,一個(gè)君主幾乎沒(méi)有什么實(shí)質(zhì)性權(quán)力并受制于議會(huì)的時(shí)代。15.Femaleswereallowedtovoteinnationalelectionsuntil直到1918年婦女才在全國(guó)大選中享有選舉權(quán)。16.TheBritishNorthAmericaActof1867establishedasadomain.《1867年英國(guó)北美法案》將加拿大納為它的自治領(lǐng)。17.DuringWorldWarII,asawarleader,receivedmassivepopularsupportandledhiscountrytofinalvictoryin1945.在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中,當(dāng)時(shí)的英國(guó)首相丘吉爾作為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)統(tǒng)帥受到了英國(guó)人民的廣泛擁戴,并帶領(lǐng)英國(guó)人民贏得了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最后勝利。18.TheFalklandIslandswarwasbetweenBritainand.福克蘭群島戰(zhàn)役是發(fā)生在英國(guó)和阿根廷著這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間。位于大西洋南部的??颂m群島從1892年起就是英國(guó)的海外殖民地,1982年阿根廷開(kāi)始控制這些島嶼,但是英國(guó)最終打敗了阿根廷,并重新占領(lǐng)了這些島嶼。19.InBritain,aisheldwhenaMemberofParliamentdies,retiresorresigns.英國(guó)的下院議會(huì)成員中有人去世、退休或辭職時(shí),就要進(jìn)行補(bǔ)缺選舉。20.IntheUnitedKingdom,ministersareappointedbytheQueenontherecommendationof在英國(guó),部長(zhǎng)們是由首相推薦,女王加以任命的。21.TherearemembersintheHouseofCommons.下議院共有651名議員。22.WhichofthefollowingpeopletobetheBritishPrimeMinister?A.MargaretThatcherB.WinstonChurchillC.HoratioNelsonD.JohnMajor撒切爾夫人,丘吉爾和梅杰都曾經(jīng)做過(guò)英國(guó)首相;而納爾遜(1758-1805),英國(guó)海軍統(tǒng)帥,因作戰(zhàn)負(fù)傷,右眼失明,失去右臂。后任地中海艦隊(duì)司令,在特法爾加角海戰(zhàn)中大敗西班牙聯(lián)合艦隊(duì),本人受重傷陣亡,號(hào)稱ViscountNelson。23.Bytradition,theleaderofthemajoritypartyisappointedbytheSovereignintheUnitedKingdom.在英國(guó),按照傳統(tǒng),多數(shù)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人由君主任命為首相,首相從本黨內(nèi)部挑選一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人擔(dān)任各部部長(zhǎng)職位。24.TheToriesweretheforerunnersofwhichstillbearsthisnicknametoday.托利黨是英國(guó)保守黨的前身。25.IntheUnitedKingdom,thepartywhichwinsthenumberofseatsintheHouseofCommonsbecomestheofficialOpposition.在英國(guó),在下議院中贏得第二席位的政黨為反對(duì)黨,它也有它自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和影子內(nèi)閣(shadowcabinet)。26.Theterm―Britishdisease‖isnowoftenusedtocharacterizeBritain’sdecline.現(xiàn)在―英國(guó)病‖這一術(shù)語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用來(lái)指英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的衰退。27.The1980swasrememberedasthedecadeof.正如20世紀(jì)40年代被看作是國(guó)有化的時(shí)代一樣,20世紀(jì)80年代被看作是私有化的時(shí)代。包括英國(guó)石油、航空、鋼鐵、電訊在內(nèi)的幾乎40%的國(guó)有公司實(shí)現(xiàn)了私有化。28.Today,inBritain,iscalleda―sick‖industry.英國(guó)煤礦業(yè)被稱為生病工業(yè)。英國(guó)的煤產(chǎn)量在一戰(zhàn)前達(dá)到頂點(diǎn),如今的英國(guó)的煤礦業(yè)衰退,從而導(dǎo)致礦工的數(shù)量、煤礦的總產(chǎn)量大大下降。29.ThefirststeamenginewasdevisedbyThomasNewcomerattheendofthe17thcentury,andtheScottishinventormodifiedandimprovedthedesignin1765.第一臺(tái)蒸汽機(jī)是ThomasNewcomer在17世紀(jì)末設(shè)計(jì)的,后來(lái)蘇格蘭發(fā)明家瓦特在1765年對(duì)原有的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)提高,生產(chǎn)出了第一臺(tái)高效的蒸汽機(jī)并應(yīng)用到紡織和其他機(jī)械業(yè)中。30.createdtheindustrialworkingclass,theproletariat,anditlaterledtotradeunionism.工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生了工人階級(jí),即無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)。后來(lái)形成了工會(huì)制度31.紡織業(yè)的改革是英國(guó)工業(yè)革命的主要成就之一。32.becamealiterarycurrentduringtheperiodofthesuccessfulIndustrialRevolution.工業(yè)革命時(shí)期的主要文學(xué)流派是浪漫主義。33.Modernfootballgamebeganin現(xiàn)代的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)起源于英國(guó)。其正宗的老家在英格蘭,19世紀(jì)興起。34.istheleaderoftheBritishgovernment.英國(guó)的政體是君主立憲制。國(guó)王(女王)是國(guó)家元首,但政府的首領(lǐng)為首相。35.ThesecondlargestcityinEngland,isametropolitandistrictandanindustrialandmanufacturingcity.英國(guó)的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格蘭中部平原,是國(guó)際化大都市,也是英國(guó)的工業(yè)和制造業(yè)中心。36.公元43年,羅馬人占領(lǐng)英國(guó),其后統(tǒng)治了400多年。基督徒就是在這一時(shí)期由羅馬人傳入英國(guó)的。27.TherealpoweroftheBritishgovernmentliesin君主立憲制下,國(guó)王的作用更側(cè)重于其象征意義,而實(shí)權(quán)為內(nèi)閣所有,內(nèi)閣由首相率領(lǐng)。38.InBritain,educationiscompulsoryforchildrenbetweentheagesof英國(guó)的教育體系中的義務(wù)教育階段是5-16歲,這是每一位學(xué)生在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的最低年限。39.ThelongestriverinBritainis英國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河是塞文河,全長(zhǎng)355公里,美國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河是密西西比河,長(zhǎng)4000公里左右。40.ThegeneralelectioninBritainisheldevery英國(guó)大選每5年舉行一次。41.WhichofthefollowingtribescametoBritain?ARomanBAnglo-SaxonsCJutesDCelts凱爾特在公元前700年到英國(guó),羅馬人在公元1到5世紀(jì)統(tǒng)治英國(guó),5世紀(jì)中期盎格魯撒克遜人侵占英國(guó),因此凱爾特人是最早踏入英國(guó)的。42.TheHundredYears’WarbetweenBritainandFrancewasfought英法百年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于1337年到1453年間,中間還發(fā)生了黑死病。43.TheRepublicofIrelandbecameindependentintheyear愛(ài)爾蘭共和國(guó)在1949年獨(dú)立。44.TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)于1642年到1646年間發(fā)生,國(guó)王查爾斯與議會(huì)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí),實(shí)際上是國(guó)王與清教徒之間的矛盾引起的,結(jié)果議會(huì)勝利。45.BritainisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelintheandtheNorthSeaintheeast.英國(guó)南面與法國(guó)隔著英吉利海峽。46.ThelargestlakeinBritainis.英國(guó)最大的湖是內(nèi)伊湖,最長(zhǎng)的河流是塞文河。47.ThemajorityofpeopleinScotlandliveinthecentralLowlands?蘇格蘭中低部適合人類生存,是蘇格蘭工業(yè)和人高度集中的地區(qū)。48.InBritainonlyaboutlandarea.由于英國(guó)農(nóng)作業(yè)時(shí)的高度機(jī)械化,只需利用全國(guó)2%的人口來(lái)耕作大面積農(nóng)地。49.ThetwoimportantcropsinBritainare小麥和大麥?zhǔn)怯?guó)最重要的莊稼。50.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16英國(guó)的義務(wù)教育是從5歲到16歲,所以期間的教育全部免費(fèi)。51.WhichofthefollowingistheBritisholdestdailynewspaper?ATheTelegraphBTheGuardianCTheNewsoftheWorldDTheTimes英國(guó)歷史上最悠久的日?qǐng)?bào)是《泰晤士報(bào)》。52.TheriverThamesisin泰晤士河位于英格蘭。53.TheIndustrialRevolutionstartedin工業(yè)革命最早從英國(guó)開(kāi)始。54.WhichofthefollowingistrueunderThatcher’sadministration?ATheproportionofowner-occupationdecreased.BPublichousingbecamemoreimportant.CManypublichousesweresoldtopeople.DTheUKbecamemoreEuropean-likeinitshousingarrangement.1979年撒切爾夫人成為英國(guó)第一任女首相。她提出的政策稱被為―撒切爾主義‖。其內(nèi)容包括國(guó)有企業(yè)私有化,采用貨幣主義政策以控制通貨膨脹,削弱工會(huì)的影響,加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)因素在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用,將公有住房賣給公眾,強(qiáng)調(diào)法律和秩序。在一定程度上講,她的計(jì)劃是成功的。她領(lǐng)導(dǎo)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)度過(guò)了一段最繁華的時(shí)期。55.Britainhasitsnuclearnavalforcesince英國(guó)擁有其海軍核力量與其一貫的霸主地位是密切相關(guān)的。56.WhichofthefollowingistheoldestnationalSundaynewspaperinBritain?ATheTimesBTheGuardianCTheObserverDTheFinancialTimes《觀察家報(bào)》創(chuàng)刊于1791年,是英國(guó)創(chuàng)刊最早的星期日?qǐng)?bào)紙。57.BigBenwasnamedafter據(jù)說(shuō)BigBen得名于它在1859年修建時(shí)候的建造者BenjaminHall。58.TheCapitalofWalesis威爾士位于大不列顛的西部。首府:加的夫。59.’sbiggestnavalbase.英國(guó)最大的海軍基地是普茨茅斯。60.TherearetwomajornationalpartiesinBritain:theConservativepartyand英國(guó)奉行的是兩黨制。其兩大主要政黨是保守黨和工黨。61.WhichnameisNOTrelatedtoBritain?ANorthernIrelandBScotlandCWalesDToronto62.ThenewsagencyReuterswasfoundedin路透社創(chuàng)建于倫敦。63.ThetowerofLondon,ahistoricalsight,locatedinthecenterofLondon,wasbuiltby倫敦塔是1078年為防止羅馬入侵由威廉大帝修建的。64.weretheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.英國(guó)民族的前身是安格魯薩克森人。65.格拉斯格是蘇格蘭最大的城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。66.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16英國(guó)小孩5—16歲的教育是免費(fèi)的。67.TheIndustrialRevolutionstartedin.工業(yè)革命起源于英國(guó)。68.isthenameofBritain’shighestmountain?本尼維斯山為英國(guó)最高峰。69.提起英國(guó),很多人會(huì)使用名字―Britain‖,―England‖或―British‖,但這往往會(huì)惹惱蘇格蘭人,威爾士人以及北愛(ài)爾蘭人。從政治角度來(lái)講,―theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland‖或―theUnitedKingdom/UK‖是英國(guó)正確的叫法。―theBritishIsles‖則是地理意義上的名字,包括GreatBritain,thewholeofIreland(NorthernandSouthern),theChannelIslandsandtheIsleofMan這些島嶼。70Britainhas,forcenturies,beenslowlytiltingwith英國(guó)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)地勢(shì)一直在緩慢地傾斜,表現(xiàn)為西北部在慢慢上升,而東南部在慢慢下沉,所以英國(guó)的西北部為高地。71.ThetwoareasinBritainwherealotofimmigrantsliveare現(xiàn)在,英國(guó)移民主要集中在倫敦及英格蘭心臟地帶的一些城市和城鎮(zhèn),諸如Slough,Leicester,Wolverhampton,Birmingham,Luton,Bradford,Coventry,Bedford和Reading等等。72.TheflagoftheUnitedKingdom,knownastheUnionJack,ismadeupofcrosses.英國(guó)國(guó)旗為紅白藍(lán)三色的米字旗(也叫―UnionJack‖),是由三個(gè)十字組成。73.WhichflowerissymbolofEngland?AThistleBShamrockCDaffodilDRoseA,薊是蘇格蘭的象征,用作蘇格蘭的國(guó)徽;B,三葉苜?;閻?ài)爾蘭的國(guó)花;C,黃水仙花是威爾士的國(guó)花;D,玫瑰則是英格蘭的國(guó)花。74.wasthehomeoftheLakePoetsWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylor,ColeridgeandRobertSoutheyof19thcenturyBritain.位于英格蘭西北部和威爾士北部的湖區(qū)是英國(guó)著名的風(fēng)景區(qū)之一,也是英國(guó)十九世紀(jì)湖畔詩(shī)人聚居的地方。75.ThefirstknownsettlersofBritainwerethe最早來(lái)英國(guó)定居的是伊比利亞人。大約在公元前3000年左右,也就是新石器時(shí)代,他們從伊比利亞半島(即今天的西班牙)來(lái)到英國(guó)。76.英國(guó)的歷史是從羅馬人的入侵開(kāi)始的。愷撒,這位偉大的羅馬將軍,在公元前55年第一次帶兵入侵并征服了英國(guó)。77.WhichoneisnotthereasonfortheverylimitedinfluenceofRomantoBritain?ATheRomansalwaystreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeopleofslaveclass.BTheRomansandBritonsneverintermarryduringthe4centuriesCTheRomansdidn’tliketheBritons.DTheRomanshadnoimpactonthelanguageorcultureofordinaryBritons.盡管羅馬人征服了英國(guó),但是羅馬文化對(duì)英國(guó)的影響十分有限。這主要是因?yàn)椋毫_馬人一直把英國(guó)人看作是社會(huì)地位相當(dāng)于奴隸的被降伏的民族;在長(zhǎng)達(dá)四個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間里從來(lái)沒(méi)有羅馬人跟英國(guó)人通婚;羅馬人對(duì)英國(guó)平民階層的語(yǔ)言和文化沒(méi)有任何影響。78.TheHundredYears’warwithFranceendedbytheEnglishbeingdrivenoutofFrance.By1453wastheonlypartofFrancethatwasstillinthehandsoftheEnglish.英法之間的百年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以英國(guó)人被趕出法國(guó)而告終。到1453年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí),只有法國(guó)北部的加萊港還在英國(guó)人手里。79.Whichwarhadlittleeffectonordinarypeoplebutgaveadeathblowtofeudalism?ATheWarsoftheRosesBTheHundredYears’WarCTheEnglishCivilWarDWorldWarI盡管玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了30年,但對(duì)老百姓的生活幾乎沒(méi)什么影響,反倒使英國(guó)的封建主義受到致命打擊,貴族階層受到了削弱。80.TheEnglishCivilWar,alsocalledthePuritanRevolution,isgenerallyregardedasthebeginningofmodernhistory.英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)也叫―清教徒革命‖,這是因?yàn)榉磳?duì)國(guó)王的人大部分是那些清教徒。英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)不僅推翻了英國(guó)的封建制度,也動(dòng)搖了歐洲封建統(tǒng)治的基礎(chǔ)。所以,從這個(gè)角度講,英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)通常被看作現(xiàn)代世界史的開(kāi)端。81.高爾夫是一項(xiàng)古老的貴族的運(yùn)動(dòng),源于十五世紀(jì)或更早以前的蘇格蘭,蘇格蘭地區(qū)山多,氣候濕潤(rùn),多霧,非常適合牧草生長(zhǎng),這里的工業(yè)文明以前是連綿不斷的牧場(chǎng)。相傳當(dāng)時(shí)牧羊人放牧閑暇時(shí),用木板玩游戲,將石子擊入兔子窩或洞中。久而久之形成了使用不同的球桿并按一定的規(guī)則擊球。82.WhichofthefollwinglanguagesisNOTspokeninScotland?AEnglishBScottishCGaelicDDenishGaelic蘇格蘭蓋爾語(yǔ)是高地蘇格蘭人的傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)言;更多人使用的語(yǔ)言是英語(yǔ)。一直到15世紀(jì)末,盎格魯人仍然以他們的語(yǔ)言稱蘇格蘭蓋爾語(yǔ)為「蘇格蘭語(yǔ)」(盎格魯語(yǔ):Scottish)。83.TheelectionofmadeMargaretThatchertopowerandshebecamethefirstwomanprimeminister.MargaretThatcher在1979年成為英國(guó)首相,為英國(guó)史上第一個(gè)女首相。84.Toitsfullsense,theBritishParliamentconsistof具體的說(shuō),英國(guó)的議會(huì)是由元首,上議院和下議院組成。其中,元首沒(méi)有實(shí)權(quán),上議員由大法官(LordChancellor)掌權(quán),是由神職議員(theLordSpiritual)和世俗議員(theLordTemporal),下議院的成員是通過(guò)選舉產(chǎn)生的651名議員,以首相為首。85.TheTowerofLondon,ahistoricalsight,locatedinthecenterofLondon,wasbuiltby.倫敦塔名為―塔‖,實(shí)際上是公元11世紀(jì)處于羅馬統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的一座城堡式建筑。86.Thereare英國(guó)有兩大國(guó)教:在英格蘭是英格蘭教(ChurchofEngland)或者英國(guó)圣公會(huì),在蘇格莎白的頭銜全稱為―托上帝宏恩,大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合國(guó)和她的其他領(lǐng)土和領(lǐng)地的女王、英聯(lián)邦元首、基督教的保護(hù)者伊麗莎白二世‖??梢?jiàn),英女王是基督教的保護(hù)者。87.WhenOliverCromwelldiedin1658,andwassucceededbyhisson,theregimebeganimmediatelytocollapse.OliverCromwell的兒子在父親過(guò)世后繼承王權(quán),但是不久后掌控的政體瓦解。1660年,議會(huì)扶植流浪法國(guó)的前國(guó)王兒子Charles二世當(dāng)國(guó)王。88.fullmanhoodorwomanhood.在英國(guó),21歲生日是個(gè)大生日,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為21歲是大人開(kāi)始的年齡。89.Reuterswasfoundedin路透社是世界四大通訊社之一,也是英國(guó)創(chuàng)辦最早的通訊社。1850年由保羅·朱利葉斯·路透(pauljuliusreuter)在德國(guó)亞琛創(chuàng)辦,1851年遷址到倫敦。創(chuàng)辦人路透原為德國(guó)人,后加入英國(guó)籍。1865年,路透把他的私人通訊社擴(kuò)展成為一家大公司。二、英國(guó)篇之英國(guó)文學(xué)1.Ironyreferstosomecontrastordiscrepancybetweenappearanceandreality.irony是指―反諷‖,揭示事物表面與真相的差別。2.AflredTennyson被稱為維多利亞時(shí)代最杰出的英國(guó)詩(shī)人。他的主要作品為:ThePrincess,Maud和短詩(shī)Break,Break,Break。3.JamesJoyceistheauthorofallthefollowingnovelsEXCEPT__C__.ADublinersBAPotraitoftheArtistasaYoungManCJudetheObscureDUlyssesJudetheObscure是ThomasHardy的作品。4.Whichofthefollwingpoetsisdifferentfromtheothers?AJohnDonneBJohnKeatsCLordByronDPercyByssheShelley除了JohnDonn是玄學(xué)派詩(shī)人外,另外三位為浪漫主義派詩(shī)人。5.WilliamWordsworthisanEnglish_A___.ApoetBnovelistCplaywrightDcriticWilliamWordsworth是英國(guó)前浪漫主義詩(shī)人。6.ThecompilerofADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguageisSamuelJohnson(1709-1784)編寫(xiě)的《英語(yǔ)字典》是之后所有英語(yǔ)字典的基石。7.MyLastDuchessisamonologuepoemwrittenbyRobertBrowning(1812-1889)擅于寫(xiě)?yīng)毥莿。拇碜魇荕yLastDuchess和MeetingatNight。8."Beautyistruth,truthbeauty"isanepigrammaticlinebyBeautyistruth,truthbeauty是JohnKeats的寫(xiě)作宗旨,他用盡畢生精力追求能夠表達(dá)一切美麗事物的詩(shī)篇。9.ParadiseLostisamasterpieceby《失樂(lè)園》和《復(fù)樂(lè)園》均為JohnMilton作。10.JamesJoycemostlywroteabouthishometownJamesJoyce出生于愛(ài)爾蘭的首都都柏林,主要作品有:APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan,Ulysses。故事合集Dubliners。11.Beowulf:nationalepicinoldEnglish12.GeoffreyChaucer:fatherofmodernEnglishpoetry;TheCanterburyTales13.SirGawainandtheGreenKnight:storyaboutKingArthurandhisknightsoftheRoundTable14.Renaissance:itwasanintellectualmovement.ItsprangfirstinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Twofeaturesarestrikingofthismovement.Theoneisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature.Anotherfeatureisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.15.ThomasMore:Utopia16.WilliamShakespeare:FourGreatTragedies:Hamlet,Macbeth,KingLear,OthelloHewasalsofamousforhissonnetsandlovetragedy:RomeoandJuliet.17.JohnMilton:ParadiseLost(greatepic18.DanielDefoe:RobinsonCrusoe19.JonathanSwift:Gulliver’sTravels20.JohnBunyan:Pilgrim’sProgress(ItisregardedasthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage.21.SamuelJohnson:ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage22.Inthemid-18thcentury,anewliterarytrendcalledRomanticismcametoEuropeandthentoEngland.23.NationalpoetofScotland:RobertBurns24.WilliamWordsworth:LyricalBallads(ItmarkedthebeginningofRomanticisminEnglishpoetry.25.GeorgeGordonByron:DonJuan26.PercyByssheShelley:OdetotheWestWind27.JohnKeats:OdetoaNightingale28.IntheVictorianAge(1836–1901,romanticismgraduallygavewaytorealism.29.CharlesDickens:ATaleofTwoCities;DavidCopperfield;OliverTwist30.EmilyBronte:WutheringHeights31.ThomasHardy:TessofD’Urbervilles32.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray:VanityFair33.GeorgeBernardShaw:Pygmalion;MrsWarren’sProfession(Heisconsideredtobethebest-knownEnglishdramatistsinceShakespeare.34.JohnGalsworthy:TheForsyteSaga35.JamesJoyce:“stream-of-consciousness”36.WhichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtotheIslandofGreatBritain?A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.IrelandD.Wales37.ModernfootballgamebeganinEngland.38.InBritaineducationiscompulsoryforchildrenbetweentheagesof5to16.39.ThelongestriverinBritainistheSevernRiver.40.ThegeneralelectioninBritainisheldeveryfiveyears.41.“GodSavetheQueen”isthenationalanthemofBritain.42.In1588theEnglishfleetdefeatedtheSpanishArmadaandestablishedthesupremacyoverthesea.43.BigBenisafamousclockinLondon.44.In1066WilliamtheConquerorledtheNormanarmyininvadinganddefeatingEngland.45.TheTimesistheBritisholdestdailynewspaper.46.TheIndustrialRevolutionstartedintheGreatBritain.47.MargaretThatcheristhefirstfemalePrimeMinisterinthehistoryofGreatBritain.48.ThecapitalofWalesisCardiff.49.TherearetwomajornationalpartiesinBritain:theConservativepartyandtheLaborparty.50.ThenewagencyReuters(路透社)wasfoundedinLondon.51.TheAnglo-SaxonsweretheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.52.GlasgowisthelargestcityinScotland.EdinburghisthecapitalofScotland.53.TheBritishParliamentconsistsofthreeelements:theCrown,theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons.三、美國(guó)概況1.ThetraditionaldividinglineinAmericabetween“east”and“west”istheMississippiRiver.(密西西比河也是美國(guó)最長(zhǎng)最為重要的河流,被美國(guó)人“眾河之父”FatherofWaters)2.Non-HispanicwhiteisthelargestracialgroupinthewholepopulationofU.S.A.3.Before2000,thelargestminoritygroupintheUnitedStatesisAfricanAmericans.2000年前美國(guó)黑人是美國(guó)人數(shù)最多的少數(shù)民族,2000年后Hispanics/Latinos也就是拉丁裔的美國(guó)人成為美國(guó)人數(shù)最多的少數(shù)民族。4.Americahastheworld'soldestwrittenconstitutionandpoliticalparty.5.AstorolesofAmericanpresident,whichisNOTpreciselydefinedintheU.S.Constitution?A.HeistheheadofthestateB.HeisthechiefexecutiveoftheU.S.C.HeisthecommanderinchiefofthearmedforcesD.Heistheheadofhispoliticalparty6.Theeconomicproblemscausedbythedepressionin1929wereeventuallysolvedbytheNewDeal.(proposedbyF.D.Roosevelt)7.TheNewEnglandregion'sculturalcharacterwasshapedlargelybyPuritanspirit.8.CaliforniaisthelargeststateintermsofsizeandpopulationinAmerica.9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTAmerica'snewspaper?A.WallStreetJournalB.USAtodayC.Guardian(英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》)D.TheMilwaukeeJournal10.ABC,CBS,NBC,PBS,CNN,MTV,HBO等都是美國(guó)主要的新聞與有線電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)(NewsandCableNetworks)11.TothewestofmainlandAmericaliesthePacificOcean.美國(guó)大陸東部則是大西洋。12.Detroit,aU.S.cityborderingLakeErie,isfamousforitsautomobileindustry.13.NewYorkCityisthelargestcityandthechiefportoftheUnitedStates.14.WashingtonD.C.isnamedafterbothGeorgeWashingtonandChristopherColumbus15.TheU.S.Congresshasthepowertomaketheselawsexceptof_______.A.defenseB.citizenshipandnaturalizationC.marriageD.theregulationofforeigntrade16.ThefirstAmericanpresidenttobeelectedfromtheRepublicanPartywasAbrahamLincoln.17.Ofthefiftystates,thesmalleststateinareaisRhodeIsland.18.ThenationalflagoftheUnitedStatesisknownastheStar-SpangledBanner.19.ThenumberoftheRepresentativesfromeachAmericanstatedependsonthepopulation.20.ThestatueoflibertywasgiventoAmericanpeoplebyFranceasagiftin1884.21.FranklinD.Roosevelt'spresidentialtermisthelongest.(12years)5.26.AmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861andfinishedin1865.ThomasJeffersonpreparedthedraftoftheDeclarationofIndependence.In31OctoberHalloweeniscelebrated.TheUSwasratedfourthintheworldintermsoflandarea.TheseatsintheSenateareallocatedtodifferentstatesequally.(twoforeachstate27.Hollywood,thecenterofAmericanmovieindustry,isclosesttoLosAngeles.28.ThefirstPuritanscametoAmericaontheshipMayFlower.四、美國(guó)文學(xué)1.CaptainJohnSmithusuallywasregardedasthefirstAmericanwriter.2.“Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves”isacitationfromtheworkofBenjaminFranklin.3.Asaphilosophicalandliterarymovement,TranscendentalismflourishedinNewEnglandfromthe1830stotheCivilWar.4.TheScarletLetterwaswrittenbyNathanielHawthorne.5.ThechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalismisRalphWaldoEmerson.6.TheAmericanScholarwrittenbyEmersonwasregardedas“DeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”.7.EmilyDickinson:famousfemalepoetinthe19thcenturyAmerica8.captain,MyCaptainbyWaltWhitmanwaswrittenforAbrahamLincoln.9.WashingtonIrvingwasthefirstmanoflettersfromtheUStowinaninternationalreputation.10.MarkTwain:LocalColorism;famousnovels:TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer11.TheodoreDreiser:naturalism;famousnovels:SisterCarrie,AnAmericanTragedy12.JackLondon:MartinEden(autobiographical;TheCalloftheWildetc.13.EzraPound:famousAmericanpoetinthe20thcentury,leaderoftheImagistmovement.14.RobertLeeFrost:famousAmericanpoetinthe20thcentury;famouspoems:StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening,TheRoadNotTaken,MendingWall15.ErnestHemingway:spokesmanofLostGeneration;famousnovels:TheOldManandtheSea,AFarewelltoArms16.F.ScottFitzgerald:spokesmanoftheJazzAge;famousnovel:TheGreatGatsby17.WilliamFaulkner:foremostsouthernwriterofthe20thcentury;famousnovel:TheSoundandtheFury18.EugeneO’Neil:leadingplaywrightofthemodernperiodinAmericanliterature.五、語(yǔ)言學(xué)1.Thecoreoflinguistics:Phonetics,Phonology,Morphology,Syntax,Semantics,Pragmatics2.ThebeginningofModernlinguistics:markedbythepublicationofF.deSaussure'sbookCourseinGeneralLinguisticsintheearly20thcentury.3.Prescriptivevs.Descriptive規(guī)定性研究與描寫(xiě)性研究inguisticsisdescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammarisprescriptive.4.Competencevs.performance語(yǔ)言能力與語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用:thedistinctionwasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomskyin1965.ThetwotermsaresimilarwithSaussure'slangueandparole.However,SaussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguageandChomskylooksatlanguagefromapsychologicalpointofview.5.Phonetics:thestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage;itisconcernedwithallthesounds

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