歷年GMAT考試規(guī)律推理題參考練習(xí)歷年GMAT考試邏輯推理題參考練習(xí)

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25Minutes16Questions

1.Thelocalboardofeducationfoundthat,becausethecurrentphysicscurriculumhaslittledirectrelevancetotoday’sworld,physicsclassesattractedfewhighschoolstudents.Sotoattractstudentstophysicsclasses,theboardproposedacurriculumthatemphasizesprinciplesofphysicsinvolvedinproducingandanalyzingvisualimages.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestreasontoexpectthattheproposedcurriculumwillbesuccessfulinattractingstudents?

(A)Severalofthefundamentalprinciplesofphysicsareinvolvedinproducingandanalyzingvisualimages.

(B)Knowledgeofphysicsisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinunderstandingthetechnologyusedintoday’sworld.

(C)Equipmentthatalargeproducerofphotographicequipmenthasdonatedtothehighschoolcouldbeusedintheproposedcurriculum.

(D)Thenumberofstudentsinterestedinphysicstodayismuchlowerthanthenumberofstudentsinterestedinphysics50yearsago.(E)

(E)Intoday’sworldtheproductionandanalysisofvisualimagesisofmajorimportanceincommunications,business,andrecreation.

2.Manycompaniesnowhaveemployeeassistanceprogramsthatenableemployees,freeofcharge,toimprovetheirphysicalfitness,reducestress,andlearnwaystostopsmoking.Theseprogramsincreaseworkerproductivity,reduceabsenteeism,andlesseninsurancecostsforemployeehealthcare.Therefore,theseprogramsbenefitthecompanyaswellastheemployee.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostsignificantlystrengthenstheconclusionabove?

(A)Physicalfitnessprogramsareoftenthemostpopularservicesofferedtoemployees.

(B)Studieshaveshownthattraininginstressmanagementisnoteffectiveformanypeople.

(C)Regularexercisereducespeople’sriskofheartdiseaseandprovidesthemwithincreasedenergy.

(D)Physicalinjuriessometimesresultfromenteringastrenuousphysicalfitnessprogramtooquickly.(C)

(E)Employeeassistanceprogramsrequirecompaniestohirepeopletosupervisethevariousprogramsoffered.

3.Unlikethewholesalepriceofrawwool,thewholesalepriceofrawcottonhasfallenconsiderablyinthelastyear.Thus,althoughtheretailpriceofcottonclothingatretailclothingstoreshasnotyetfallen,itwillinevitablyfall.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargumentabove?

(A)Thecostofprocessingrawcottonforclothhasincreasedduringthelastyear.

(B)Thewholesalepriceofrawwoolistypicallyhigherthanthatofthesamevolumeofrawcotton.

(C)Theoperatingcostsoftheaverageretailclothingstorehaveremainedconstantduringthelastyear.

(D)Changesinretailpricesalwayslagbehindchangesinwholesaleprices.(A)

(E)Thecostofharvestingrawcottonhasincreasedinthelastyear.

4.Small-businessgroupsarelobbyingtodefeatproposedfederallegislationthatwouldsubstantiallyraisethefederalminimumwage.Thisoppositionissurprisingsincethelegislationtheyopposewould,forthefirsttime,exemptallsmallbusinessesfrompayinganyminimumwage.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbestexplaintheoppositionofsmall-businessgroupstotheproposedlegislation?

(A)Underthecurrentfederalminimum-wagelaw,mostsmallbusinessesarerequiredtopaynolessthantheminimumwagetotheiremployees.

(B)Inordertoattractworkers,smallcompaniesmustmatchthewagesofferedbytheirlargercompetitors,andthesecompetitorswouldnotbeexemptundertheproposedlaws.

(C)Theexactnumberofcompaniesthatarecurrentlyrequiredtopaynolessthantheminimumwagebutthatwouldbeexemptundertheproposedlawsisunknown.

(D)Somestateshavesettheirownminimumwages—insomecases,quiteabitabovetheleveloftheminimumwagemandatedbycurrentfederallaw—forcertainkeyindustries.(B)

(E)Servicecompaniesmakeupthemajorityofsmallbusinessesandtheygenerallyemploymoreemployeesperdollarofrevenuesthandoretailormanufacturingbusinesses.

5.Reviewer:ThebookArt’sDeclinearguesthatEuropeanpainterstodaylackskillsthatwerecommonamongEuropeanpaintersofprecedingcenturies.Inthisthebookmustberight,sinceitsanalysisof100paintings,50oldand50contemporary,demonstratesconvincinglythatnoneofthecontemporarypaintingsareexecutedasskillfullyastheolderpaintings.

Whichofthefollowingpointstothemostseriouslogicalflawinthereviewer’sargument?

(A)Thepaintingschosenbythebook’sauthorforanalysiscouldbethosethatmostsupportthebook’sthesis.

(B)Therecouldbecriteriaotherthanthetechnicalskilloftheartistbywhichtoevaluateapainting.

(C)Thetitleofthebookcouldcausereaderstoacceptthebook’sthesisevenbeforetheyreadtheanalysisofthepaintingsthatsupportsit.

(D)TheparticularmethodscurrentlyusedbyEuropeanpainterscouldrequirelessartisticskillthandomethodsusedbypaintersinotherpartsoftheworld.(A)

(E)Areaderwhowasnotfamiliarwiththelanguageofartcriticismmightnotbeconvincedbythebook’sanalysisofthe100paintings.

6.Thepharmaceuticalindustryarguesthatbecausenewdrugswillnotbedevelopedunlessheavydevelopmentcostscanberecoupedinlatersales,thecurrent20yearsofprotectionprovidedbypatentsshouldbeextendedinthecaseofnewlydevelopeddrugs.However,inotherindustriesnew-productdevelopmentcontinuesdespitehighdevelopmentcosts,afactthatindicatesthattheextensionisunnecessary.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglysupportsthepharmaceuticalindustry’sargumentagainstthechallengemadeabove?

(A)Noindustriesotherthanthepharmaceuticalindustryhaveaskedforanextensionofthe20-yearlimitonpatentprotection.

(B)Clinicaltrialsofnewdrugs,whichoccurafterthepatentisgrantedandbeforethenewdrugcanbemarketed,oftennowtakeaslongas10yearstocomplete.

(C)Thereareseveralindustriesinwhichtheratioofresearchanddevelopmentcoststorevenuesishigherthanitisinthepharmaceuticalindustry.

(D)Anexistingpatentforadrugdoesnotlegallypreventpharmaceuticalcompaniesfrombringingtomarketalternativedrugs,providedtheyaresufficientlydissimilartothepatenteddrug.(B)

(E)Muchrecentindustrialinnovationhasoccurredinproducts—forexample,inthecomputerandelectronicsindustries—forwhichpatentprotectionisoftenveryineffective.

Questions7-8arebasedonthefollowing.

BankdepositorsintheUnitedStatesareallfinanciallyprotectedagainstbankfailurebecausethegovernmentinsuresallindividuals’bankdeposits.Aneconomistarguesthatthisinsuranceispartlyresponsibleforthehighrateofbankfailures,sinceitremovesfromdepositorsanyfinancialincentivetofindoutwhetherthebankthatholdstheirmoneyissecureagainstfailure.Ifdepositorsweremoreselective,thenbankswouldneedtobesecureinordertocompetefordepositors’money.

7.Theeconomist’sargumentmakeswhichofthefollowingassumptions?

(A)Bankfailuresarecausedwhenbigborrowersdefaultonloanrepayments.

(B)Asignificantproportionofdepositorsmaintainaccountsatseveraldifferentbanks.

(C)Themoreadepositorhastodeposit,themorecarefulheorshetendstobeinselectingabank.

(D)Thedifferenceintheinterestratespaidtodepositorsbydifferentbanksisnotasignificantfactorinbankfailures.(E)

(E)Potentialdepositorsareabletodeterminewhichbanksaresecureagainstfailure.

8.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheeconomist’sargument?

(A)Beforethegovernmentstartedtoinsuredepositorsagainstbankfailure,therewasalowerrateofbankfailurethanthereisnow.

(B)Whenthegovernmentdidnotinsuredeposits,frequentbankfailuresoccurredasaresultofdepositors’fearsoflosingmoneyinbankfailures.

(C)Surveysshowthatasignificantproportionofdepositorsareawarethattheirdepositsareinsuredbythegovernment.

(D)Thereisanupperlimitontheamountofanindividual’sdepositthatthegovernmentwillinsure,butveryfewindividuals’depositsexceedthislimit.(B)

(E)Thesecurityofabankagainstfailuredependsonthepercentageofitsassetsthatareloanedoutandalsoonhowmuchriskitsloansinvolve.

9.Passengersmustexitairplanesswiftlyafteraccidents,sincegasesreleasedfollowingaccidentsaretoxictohumansandoftenexplodesoonafterbeingreleased.Inordertopreventpassengerdeathsfromgasinhalation,safetyofficialsrecommendthatpassengersbeprovidedwithsmokehoodsthatpreventinhalationofthegases.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,constitutesthestrongestreasonnottorequireimplementationofthesafetyofficials’recommendation?

(A)Testevacuationsshowedthatputtingonthesmokehoodsaddedconsiderablytotheoveralltimeittookpassengerstoleavethecabin.

(B)Someairlinesareunwillingtobuythesmokehoodsbecausetheyconsiderthemtobeprohibitivelyexpensive.

(C)Althoughthesmokehoodsprotectpassengersfromthetoxicgases,theycandonothingtopreventthegasesfromigniting.

(D)Someexperiencedflyersfailtopayattentiontothesafetyinstructionsgivenoneverycommercialflightbeforetakeoff.(A)

(E)Inmanyairplaneaccidents,passengerswhowereabletoreachemergencyexitswereovercomebytoxicgasesbeforetheycouldexittheairplane.

10.In1960,10percentofeverydollarpaidinautomobileinsurancepremiumswenttopaycostsarisingfrominjuriesincurredincaraccidents.In1990,50percentofeverydollarpaidinautomobileinsurancepremiumswenttowardsuchcosts,despitethefactthatcarsweremuchsaferin1990thanin1960.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,bestexplainsthediscrepancyoutlinedabove?

(A)Therewerefeweraccidentsin1990thanin1960.

(B)Onaverage,peopledrovemoreslowlyin1990thanin1960.

(C)Carsgrewincreasinglymoreexpensivetorepairovertheperiodinquestion.

(D)Thepriceofinsuranceincreasedmorerapidlythantherateofinflationbetween1960and1990.(E)

(E)Health-carecostsrosesharplybetween1960and1990.

11.Caterpillarsofallspeciesproduceanidenticalhormonecalled“juvenilehormone”thatmaintainsfeedingbehavior.Onlywhenacaterpillarhasgrowntotherightsizeforpupationtotakeplacedoesaspecialenzymehalttheproductionofjuvenilehormone.Thisenzymecanbesynthesizedandwill,onbeingingestedbyimmaturecaterpillars,killthembystoppingthemfromfeeding.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglysupportstheviewthatitwouldnotbeadvisabletotrytoeradicateagriculturalpeststhatgothroughacaterpillarstagebysprayingcroplandswiththeenzymementionedabove?

(A)Mostspeciesofcaterpillararesubjecttosomenaturalpredation.

(B)Manyagriculturalpestsdonotgothroughacaterpillarstage.

(C)Manyagriculturallybeneficialinsectsgothroughacaterpillarstage.

(D)Sincecaterpillarsofdifferentspeciesemergeatdifferenttimes,severalsprayingswouldbenecessary.(C)

(E)Althoughtheenzymehasbeensynthesizedinthelaboratory,nolarge-scaleproductionfacilitiesexistasyet.

12.Althoughaspirinhasbeenproventoeliminatemoderatefeverassociatedwithsomeillnesses,manydoctorsnolongerroutinelyrecommenditsuseforthispurpose.Amoderatefeverstimulatestheactivityofthebody’sdisease-fightingwhitebloodcellsandalsoinhibitsthegrowthofmanystrainsofdisease-causingbacteria.

Ifthestatementsabovearetrue,whichofthefollowingconclusionsismoststronglysupportedbythem?

(A)Aspirin,aneffectivepainkiller,alleviatesthepainanddiscomfortofmanyillnesses.

(B)Aspirincanprolongapatient’sillnessbyeliminatingmoderatefeverhelpfulinfightingsomediseases.

(C)Aspirininhibitsthegrowthofwhitebloodcells,whicharenecessaryforfightingsomeillnesses.

(D)Themorewhitebloodcellsapatient’sbodyproduces,thelessseverethepatient’sillnesswillbe.(B)

(E)Thefocusofmodernmedicineisoninhibitingthegrowthofdisease-causingbacteriawithinthebody.

13.Becausepostageratesarerising,HomeDecoratormagazineplanstomaximizeitsprofitsbyreducingbyonehalfthenumberofissuesitpublisheseachyear.Thequalityofarticles,thenumberofarticlespublishedperyear,andthesubscriptionpricewillnotchange.Marketresearchshowsthatneithersubscribersnoradvertiserswillbelostifthemagazine’splanisinstituted.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestevidencethatthemagazine’sprofitsarelikelytodeclineiftheplanisinstituted?

(A)Withthenewpostagerates,atypicalissueundertheproposedplanwouldcostaboutone-thirdmoretomailthanatypicalcurrentissuewould.

(B)Themajorityofthemagazine’ssubscribersarelessconcernedaboutapossiblereductioninthequantityofthemagazine’sarticlesthanaboutapossiblelossofthecurrenthighqualityofitsarticles.

(C)Manyofthemagazine’slong-timesubscriberswouldcontinuetheirsubscriptionsevenifthesubscriptionpricewereincreased.

(D)Mostoftheadvertisersthatpurchaseadvertisingspaceinthemagazinewillcontinuetospendthesameamountonadvertisingperissueastheyhaveinthepast.(D)

(E)Productioncostsforthemagazineareexpectedtoremainstable.

14.Astudyofmaritalrelationshipsinwhichonepartner’ssleepingandwakingcyclesdifferfromthoseoftheotherpartnerrevealsthatsuchcouplessharefeweractivitieswitheachotherandhavemoreviolentargumentsthandocouplesinarelationshipinwhichbothpartnersfollowthesamesleepingandwakingpatterns.Thus,mismatchedsleepingandwakingcyclescanseriouslyjeopardizeamarriage.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargumentabove?

(A)Marriedcouplesinwhichbothspousesfollowthesamesleepingandwakingpatternsalsooccasionallyhaveargumentsthancanjeopardizethecouple’smarriage.

(B)Thesleepingandwakingcyclesofindividualstendtovaryfromseasontoseason.

(C)Theindividualswhohavesleepingandwakingcyclesthatdiffersignificantlyfromthoseoftheirspousestendtoarguelittlewithcolleaguesatwork.

(D)Peopleinunhappymarriageshavebeenfoundtoexpresshostilitybyadoptingadifferentsleepingandwakingcyclefromthatoftheirspouses.(D)

(E)Accordingtoarecentst