初中英語語法（主謂一致）主謂一致是指一個句子的主語和謂語動詞保持數(shù)的一致關系。主謂一致要遵循三條原則：語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。一、復習要點：1謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用復數(shù)形式。⑴單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句用作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。主語為復數(shù)名詞或代詞時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如：Hisfatherworksforacomputercompany.他的父親在一家電腦公司工作。Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes. 在陽光下看書對眼睛有害。Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall. 他所說的話對我們大家都很重要。⑵由連詞and或both…and連接的并列主語后面，要用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。例如：NewYorkandBostonareAmericancities. 紐約和波士頓是美國城市。Bothsheandhersisterlikedrawingpictures. 她和她的姐姐都喜歡畫畫⑶由―a…andahalf,morethanone＋名詞‖―oneandahalf+名詞‖, 等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+復數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式,如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.參觀了一兩個地點構成的主語，盡管從意義上看是復數(shù)，但謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：AmonthandahalfhaspassedsinceIsawhim.自從我見到他，已經(jīng)過去一個半月了。Morethanonepersonhereisgoingtofindanewjob. 這里不止一人準備找新工作。⑷主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式；如果主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復數(shù)形式。例如：MrGreen,togetherwithhiswife,hascometoChina.Thestudentsaswellastheirteacherwereplayingagameontheplayground.Nooneexcepttheteachersknowstheanswer. 除了老師沒有人知道答案。She,likeyouandTom,isverytall. 她跟你和湯姆一樣個子都很高。⑸主語為表示兩部分構成的物體的名詞（如：glasses,jeans,pants,scissors,trousers等）時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。但如果它們前面用了apairof，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于pair的單復數(shù)形式。例如：Mybluetrousershavewornout. 我的藍褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。ThispairofscissorsisChina-made. 這把剪刀是中國制造的。Herearesomenewpairsofshoes. 這里有幾雙新鞋。―thenumberof‖時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為―anumberof‖謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如：Thenumberofcarsisincreasing. 汽車的數(shù)目正在增長。Therewereanumberofpeopleoutthisafternoon. 今天下午有很多人外出。Agreatnumberofmigrantworkershaveenteredthecity. 大批的民工涌入了城市。⑺each或由some,any,every,no構成的復合代詞用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Eachofushasanewdictionary. 我們每一個人都有一本新詞典。Somebodyislookingforyou. 有人在找你。Everybodyisdoinghisbest. 人人都在盡力而為。There’snothinginterestinginthenewspaper. 報紙上沒有什么有趣的新聞。Ican’tfindmypen–hasanyoneseenit? 我的筆找不到了——有誰看見了嗎eachof+復數(shù)代詞,謂語動詞用單.復數(shù)代詞+each,謂語動詞用單.如:Eachofushassomethingtosay.我們每個人都有話要說either,neither―of‖詞用單復數(shù)均可。例如：Eitherisacceptable. 兩者中哪一個都能接受。Neitherofuswashavinganyluck. 我們兩個都不走運。Neitherofthesisterswasalive. 兩姐妹都不在人世了。thatwhowhichThisisthemanwhowantstoseeyou. 這就是想要見你的人。Thegirlswhoarecomingsoonaremystudents. 快要到來的那些女孩是我的學生⑽由what引導的主語從句，主句謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但如果表示復數(shù)意義，主句謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式。例如：Whatweneednowistime. 我們現(xiàn)在需要的就是時間。Whatheleftmeareonlysomeoldbooks. 他留給我的只是幾本舊書。2．意義一致的原則：主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義卻為復數(shù)；有時主語形式為復數(shù)，但意義卻為單數(shù)。這時，就要采用意義一致的原則，即謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致。⑴由and所連接的并列主語如果是指一個人或一種事物時，其后的謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式。例如：Thewriterandartisthascome. 那位作家兼藝術家來了。Thereisaknifeandforkonthetable. 餐桌上有一副刀叉。Fishandchipsisapopularfood. 炸魚土豆片是一種很受歡迎的食物。Fiveandfivemakesten. (or:maketen.) 五加五等于十。―eachAandeachB‖或―everyAandeveryB‖eachevery。例如：Everyhourandeveryminuteisimportant. 每一小時和每一分鐘都是寶貴的。Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp. 每一個男女都被要求給予幫助。⑶表示時間、距離、價格、度量衡等名詞的復數(shù)形式用作主語時，通常作為整體看待，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Threedaysistoolongforustowait. 要我們等三天，時間太長了。Ahundredmilesisalongdistance. 一百英里是一段很長的距離。Tenthousanddollarsischeapenoughforthathouse. 一萬美金買那所房子是夠便宜的。（policestaff等Thereweremanypeopleatthemeeting. 許多人參加了會議。Thepolicehavecaughtthethief. 警方抓住了那個盜賊。（family,groupteamcrowd等）用作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于集體名詞的意義。當集體名詞指整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；當集體名詞指其中的個體時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如：Theclassisthebestoneinthegrade. 這個班級是年級中最好的班級。Almosteveryfamilythereownsamotorcar. 那里幾乎每家都擁有一輛摩托車。Beforethematchourteamwasexpectedtobethebestone. 比賽前，我們球隊被認為是最好的。Theteamaredrivingtothegameintheirowncars. 全隊人開著自己的車去比賽。⑹none用作主語時，謂語動詞多用復數(shù)形式；作為單數(shù)看待時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Noneofthesuggestionswasaccepted.Noneofthechildrenintheclassaretiredofhislesson.⑺some,any,all,more,most等代詞做主語時，謂語動詞要與它們所指代的名詞的數(shù)一致。例如：Some(oftheapples)remaingreen. 有些蘋果還是綠的。Some(ofthefish)wentbad. 有些魚發(fā)臭了。Allwasquietinthestreet. 街上一切平靜。All(ofthepeoplehavegone. 所有的人都走了。（8）all,halfmosttherest等,以及‖+名詞‖做主語時,用的名詞.如:Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday. 剩下的自行車,.60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy. 這個蘋果的60%都被這個小男孩吃Mostoftheappleswererotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛.Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat. .3TherebeHerebebeand連接的并列主語，則應與最靠近的那個主語保持一致。例如：Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom. 房間里有一張餐桌和四把椅子。Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou. 這里有一支筆、幾個信封和一些紙給你。⑵當兩個主語由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,whether…or連接時，謂語動詞和最靠近的主語保持一致。例如：Nofoodorwaterisallowedtotakewith. 不準帶食物和水。Eitheratelephoneorafaxmachineisneededinmyoffice.Neitheryounorheknowshowtoanswerthequestion.你和他都不知道如何回答這個問題。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherlikesthefilm.二、例題分析:Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool thestudentsinourschool overtwothousand.〈選擇填空〉Thenumberof,is B.Thenumberof,areC.Anumber,is D.Anumberof,are分析:thenumberof來回答;(答A)Morethanoneman beensenttotheplacesince1979.〈選擇填空〉has B.have C.had D.is分析:morethanone ＋單數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。(答案A)Whetherhecomesornot nothingtodowithme.〈選擇填空〉are B.is C.has D.have分析:Whetherhecomesornot 是主語從句，主句謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(答案C)Sheepiskeptfortheirwoolandmutton.〈改錯〉分析:Sheep是單復數(shù)同形，句中有their一詞，可知本句中的Sheep應為復數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。(答案is改為are)Allissatisfiedwithwhathesaid.(改錯)分析:All（Allofthepeople）(is改are)三、鞏固練習。.用所給動詞的適當形式填空。Twothousandmiles (be)toofarforustotraveloverashortvacation.Theoldinmycountry (be)caredforbytheirchildrenandgrandchildren.There (be)apairoftrousersonthesofa.Tendividedbytwo (equal)five.TheChinesepeople (be)agreatpeople.NobodybutTimandTom (be)intheroom.LiFanglikemanygirls (like)dancing.Everyboyandeverygirl (want)togothere.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth (be)sea.Allofthework (be)finished.II.選擇填空。Therich notalwayshappy.are B.is C.has D.haveTheoldwoman,togetherwithhertwograndsons, crossingtheroad.are B.is C.has D.haveThispairoftrousers Lucy’s.Yourtrousers onyourbed.is,are B.is,is C.are,are D.are,is2.Tenkilometers averylongwaytogoinaday.A.are B.has C.is D.haveClimbinghills betterthanhavingclasses.are B.is C.was D.haveWhathewantedtoknow whytheydidn’ttellhim.are B.was C.were D.isEitheryouorhe tostayathomethisafternoon.has B.have C.are D.isNeitherofthetwins bread.like B.likes C.liked D.islikeFishandchips myfavoritefood.is B.are C.has D.becomeThesingeranddancer cometoourcity.are B.is C.have D.hasThree-fourthsofthewater gone.is B.are C.have D.wereEverybody,menandwomen,youngandold, listeningtotheradiohere.enjoys B.enjoy C.isenjoyed D.areenjoyedEitherTomorMaria suretoknowtheanswer.are B.be C.is D.wereNeitheryounorhe howtoanswerthequestion.know B.knows C.knowing D.toknowIaswellasthey readytohelpyou.am B.are C.is D. beThenumberofthestudentsintheclass aboutforty.is B.are C.were D.haveEveryhourandeveryminute important.are B.be C.is D.wereLook!TheTurnerfamily havingsupperunderthetreeinfrontoftheirhouse.is B.are C.like D.likeNotonlythetwinsbutalsotheirfather thefilm.like B.likes C.liking D.islikeHeisoneofthechildrenwho fondofplayingfootball.is B.was C.were D.are四、應用性訓練。用所給動詞的適當形式填空。Neithertheteachernorthestudents (have)enoughtime.Mostofthehouses (need)painting.Apersonwhohasgoodfriends (enjoy)lifemore.John,togetherwithhisfamily, (be)flyingtoLondon.Fewofmyfamilyreally (understand)me.6.Onethirdofthestudents (be)boys.7.There (be)twentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.8.Manyastudents (have)thisnewdictionary.Everyman,womanandchildAnoldmanormature(woman選擇填空。

(be)askedtocontribute.(be)neededforthisjob.There alotofpeopleatthestreetcornerwhentheaccidenthappened.Was B.were C.havebeen D.hadNeithershenorDickandI interestedinmaths.Is B.are C.am D.beFishandchips themostpopulartake-awayfoodinEngland.Are B.is C.were D.wasHowmanystudentsarethereinyourschool? thestudentsinourschool overtwothousand.Thenumberof;of B.Thenumberof;areC.Anumberof;of D.Anumberof;areAllmyclassmates,exceptWuLin, interestedinsingingEnglishsongs.Is B.am C.are D.beNeitherhenorI fromCanada.WeawefromAustralia.Is B.was C.am D.beTheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25 ChritmasDay.is B.was C.hasbeen D.willbeHethinksthattwomoths quitealongtime.is B.are C.be D.wasThere asportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.willhold B.willhave C.isgoingtobe D.isgoingtoholdArethetwinsontheeteamNo,neitherofthem ontheteam.is B.Are C.were D.beI’mgoingtodosomeshoppingthisSunday.So .do B.will C.amI D.IamWhat thepopularofCanada?Doyouthinkitwill ?is;become B.are;become C.are;