常用文章開頭的句型：TOC\o"1-5"\h\zItiswell-knownthat....眾所周知， 。Thereisnodoubtthat....毫無疑問， 。Somepeopleclaimthat....有人認為 。Itisgenerallybelievedthat....普遍認為 。Itiswidelyacceptedthat....普遍認為 。Currentlythereisawidespreadconcernover...現(xiàn)在，人們普遍關(guān)注的問題是 。Withtherapidgrowingpopularityof...,thequalityofourliveshasbeenconsiderablychanged.隨著……的快速普及，我們的生活質(zhì)量已經(jīng)發(fā)生了極大變化。．Withthedevelopmentof...,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat..隨著……的發(fā)展，越來越多的人意識到……。．Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorealizethat...正在越來越多的人逐漸意識到……。Somepeoplethinkthat Tobefrank,Icannotagreewiththeiropinionforthereasonsbelow.有人認為……，坦率地說，我不同意 他們的觀點，理由如下。．Foryears,...hasbeenseenas...,butthingsarequitedifferentnow.多年以來，……一直被看著是……，但現(xiàn)在情況大不一樣了。Lastweek,wemade/conducted/carriedoutasurveyabout...上周,我們做了一項關(guān)于 的調(diào)查。Recentlywehavehadadiscussionover...最近我彳門討論了 這個問題。．Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledieeachyearfromdiseaseslinkedtosmoking.依照最近的一項調(diào)查，每年有 4000000人死于與吸煙有關(guān)的疾病。．Thelatestsurveysshowthatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasantassociationswithhomework.最近的調(diào)查顯示相當多的孩子對家庭作業(yè)沒什么好感。常用于文章正文的句型：People'sviewson...varyfrompersontoperson.人們對 的觀點因人而異。．Asapopularsayinggoes,“Everycoinhastwosides.”常言道，“事物都是一分為二的。”．Asaproverbsays,“Nopains,nogains”．俗話說， “不勞則無獲?！盩OC\o"1-5"\h\zContrarytothepopularthought,Iprefer....與普遍的想法正相反，我更喜歡 。Icannotentirelyagreewiththeideathat....Ibelieve???.我不完全贊同這樣的一個觀點 ,我認為 。Thereisnodenyingthefactthat...不可否認， 。．Beforegivingmyopinion,Ithinkitisessentialtolookattheargumentofbothsides.在提出我自己的觀點之前，我們有必要了解正反雙方爭論的焦點。Itishightimethatweplacedgreatemphasisontheimprovementof…至U了改進 的時候了。Itishightimethatweputanendto...到了結(jié)束 的時候了。Thereisnoeasysolutiontotheproblemof...,but...mightbeuseful.對……這一問題，沒有輕松解決的辦法，但……或許有所益處。．Itisessentialthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.有必要采取有效措施來阻止形勢進一步惡化。建議盡力控制．Itissuggestedthatgreateffortsshouldbemadetocontrolthegrowthof...建議盡力控制出……的增長。Itishopedthatgreateffortsshouldbefocusedon...人們希望在 方面做出努力。常用于文章結(jié)尾的句型：．Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat 根據(jù)上述討論，我們可以得出結(jié)論，……。．Takingintoaccountallthefactors,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthat 考慮到各個因素，我們可以得出結(jié)論，……。．Judgingfromalltheevidenceoffered,wemaysafelyarriveat/reachtheconclusionthat 根據(jù)所提供的證據(jù)來判斷，我們可得出結(jié)論，……。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z.Alltheevidencesupportsasoundconclusionthat.... 所有證據(jù)者B支持這樣——個結(jié)論， 。.Tosumup,wefindthat....總之，我們認為 。.Inshort/brief/conclusion/aword,.... 簡言之， 。表達個人觀點的句型：．AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththelatteropiniontosomeextent.就我個人而言，在某種程度上我贊同第二個觀點。．AsfarasIamconcerned,Iamreally/completelyinfavorofthepolicy.就我個人而言，我完全支持這項政策。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zInmyopinion/view,weshould.... 我認為我們應該 。Asforme,I....至于我，我 。Frommypointofview,....我認為 。Personally,Ithink....我個人認為 。Myviewisthat....我的觀點是 。Iholdanegative/positiveviewof....我對 持反對/肯定態(tài)度。Contrarytogenerallyacceptedviews,Iarguethat... 與普遍的觀點相反，我認為 。Itwouldbenaturaltothinkthat...,butitwouldbeabsurdtoclaimthat...人們很自然地認為， ，但據(jù)此就以為 卻是很愚蠢的。 11.Atfirstthought,itmayseemanattractiveidea,butonsecondthought,wefindthat...乍一看，這個觀點很有吸引力，但再一想，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)……。圖表作文常用句型：Thetable/diagram/graphshows/describes/reflectsthat.... 該圖表表明/描述/反映了 。Asisshowninthechart,...hasbeenontheincrease/decrease.此圖表表明, ——直在增力口/減少。．Accordingtothefiguresgivenbythegraph,thenumberof...hasbeenrisingsteadily.從圖表給出的數(shù)據(jù)看，……的數(shù)量在穩(wěn)步增長。．Thedata/figureslead(s)ustotheconclusionthat 這些數(shù)據(jù)可以讓我們得出這樣的結(jié)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z論， 。Asisshown/exhibitedinthediagram/graph/table,....正如圖表中所展現(xiàn)的那樣， 。Itisclear/apparentfromthetable/diagram/figuresthat.... 該圖表清楚地表明, 。．A,whichaccountsfor...%,ranksthefirst;nextinlineisBwith...%,followedbyC,makingup...%;finallyD,E,Fat...%，...%and...%respectively.A占了……％,位居第一，第二位是 B,占……％,接下來是 C,占……％,最后是D、E、F,分別占……％……％……％。常見話題的詞匯匯總：話題一：中學生的興趣愛好Sparetime,hobby,entertainment,beinterestedin,havespecialfavorto,befondof,bekeenon,haveatastein,readnovels,surftheInternet,chatonline,collectstamps,doingsports,developaninterestin,playmusicalinstrument話題二：中學生健康Physicalhealth,mentalhealth,overweight,slim,thin,looseweight,nearshortsighted,energetic,beondiet,keephealthy,buildupone ’sbody,takeregularexercise,goodlivinghabit,getintothehabitof,nutrition,nutritious,eatsnacks,skipbreakfast,loseappetite,catchcoldflu,sufferfromseriousdisease,passout,runnynose,toothache,dentist,homesick,depressed,stayupallnight,relaxation,reducepressure話題三：勞動、求職與就業(yè)offerserviceto,heartandsoul（一心一意）,physicallabor,mentallabor,honorable（光榮的）,earnpocketmoney,part-timejob,full-timejob，enlargeone’sknowledge,getworkingexperience,applyfor,majorin,graduatefrom,degree,scholarship,beskilledin,confident,experienced,performwellinschool,leadership,communicative,cooperative,competitive,diligent話題四：校園文明與安全Schoolrulesandregulations,obey,beneatlydressed（衣著整潔）,respectone’steachersandparents,beontime,keeptheenvironmentclean,breaktherules,spit,litter,cheatinexam,getinline（排隊）,punishsb.for,it’sshamefulto,librarycard,studentID,permit,beabsentfrom,話題五：友誼Makefriendswith,friendship,friendly,trusteachother,honesty,knowledgeable,standard,precious,beloyalto,keepintouchwith,keepcompanywithsb,havealotincommon,sharehappinessandbitternesswitheachother,treasure,good-tempered，Afriendisapresentwhichyougiveyourself.Alifewithoutafriendisalifewithoutasun.話題六：環(huán)境保護Pollution,protecttheenvironment,giveoffabadsmell,sendoutsmokeandpoisonousgasesintotheair,pourwastewaterintotheriver,cutdowntrees,throwlitter,sandstorm,globalwarming,GreenHouseEffect,liveinharmonywith,takepropermeasuresto,improvetheenvironment,poseagreatthreatto,dieout,beendangered,becomeextinct,species,befrombadtoworse,Springuplikemushrooms,floodinto熟記下列模板模板1：一般信件Dear ，Iarrivedsafelybackin .Thanksagainforallyourhelpandkindnessduringmystayin .YoureallymadesureIhadasafeandenjoyabletime.Ihopeyouarewellandeverythingisfinewithyou.Unfortunately,Ihaveaverysmallfavortoask. （事情描述）. （必須做的原因 ）.Iwonderifyouwouldmind .Ofcourse,Iwillhappily （你的回報）. （事情應怎樣做 ）.Thanksinadvance.Yours,LiHua模板2：求職信Dear ，Ihavelearntfromyesterday ’snewspaperthatyouareemployinga/an .Iwishtobeconsideredasanapplicantfortheposition,andbegtostatemyqualificationsasfollows:Iam yearsold,aseniorstudentof University,majoringin .Duringmyacademicyears,Ihaveshownexcellentperformanceandhavebeenawardedfirstclassscholarshipeachyear.Inadditiontomyeducationalbackground,Ihavetherichworkexperienceinthefieldsof .Therefore,IbelieveIcanbeofvaluetoyourcompany.Enclosedismyresumeforyourreference,andIshallbegladtocallatyourofficeifyoudesireaninterview.Thankyou.Yourssincerely,LiHua模板3：觀點對比Thetopicabout isbecomingincreasinglypopularinourschool.Therearetwosidesofopinionaboutit.Somestudentsprefertoconsider （做某事）.Somestudentssay istheirfavorite.Theythinkthat （理由一 ）.What’smore, （理由二 ）.Moreover,TOC\o"1-5"\h\z （理由三 ）.However,othersbelieve isabetterchoiceforthreereasons.Tobeginwith, （理由一）.Next, （理由二）.Inaddition, （理由三）.Frommypointofview,theformerissurelyawisechoice.Thereasonisthat （AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat .）模板4：解決方法題型Inrecentdays,wehavetofaceaseriousproblemthat .First, （說明問題的現(xiàn)狀）．Second, （舉例進一步說明現(xiàn)狀 ）.Confrontedwiththeproblem,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.Foronething, （解決方法一 ）.Foranother, （解決方法二 ）.Finally, （解決方法三 ）.Personally,Ibelievethat （我的解決方法）.Consequently,I’mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause （帶來的好處 ）．模板 5：說明利弊題型Nowadaysmanypeopleprefer （某事物）becauseithasasignificantroleinourdailylife.Generally,itsadvantagescanbeseenasfollows.First （優(yōu)點之一）.Besides, （優(yōu)點之二 ）.Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Oneoftheimportantdisadvantagesisthat （缺點一 ）．Tomakemattersworse, （缺點二）.Throughtheaboveanalysis,Ibelievethatthepositiveaspectsoverweighthenegativeones.Therefore,Iwouldliketo （我的看法）．模板 6：圖表作文Asisshownbythefigureinthetable, hasbeenontherise/decrease.Fromthesharprise/declineinthechart,itgoeswithoutsayingthat .Thereareatleasttwogoodreasonsaccountingfor .Ontheonehand, .Ontheotherhand, duetothefactthat .Inaddition, isresponsiblefor .Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow .Butitisgenerallybelievedthattheabovementionedreasonsarecommonlyconvincing.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iholdthepointofviewthat .Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.模板 7：話題作文Nowadays,therearemoreandmore in .ItisestimatedthatTOC\o"1-5"\h\z .Whyhavetherebeensomany ？Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thefirstreasonisthat .Besides, .Thethirdoneisthat .Tosumup,themaincauseofitisdueto .Itishightimethatsomethinghadtobedoneaboutit.Foronething, .Foranother, .Allthesemeasureswillcertainlyreducethenumberof .二快速升格你的作文使用高級詞匯. 常用到的高級詞匯 例如：“此外”：inaddition,furthermore"同樣地" inthesamewayflikewise,similarly,equally,incomparison"然而"howeverfincontrast,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary“因為"becauseoffdueto,owingto,onaccountof,thanksto,asaresultof"雖然"though/althoughfdespitethefactthat,inspiteofthefactthat"總之" inaword/inshort/allinallfinbrief,insummary,tosumup,tosummarize,toconclude"現(xiàn)今"today/nowfnowadays,currently"應該"shouldfbesupposedto"有時候"sometimesfoccasionally又如：beinterestedinfbecrazyabout;beabsorbedin;verygoodfperfectlygood;mostof...fthemajorityof...bemadeupoffconsistof;as/solongasfonconditionthat;tryone'sbesttodo...fsparenoefforttodo...;growfastfgrowrapidly/growamazinglyfast再如：SuddenlyIhadanideathatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.fAnideaoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouseThankyouverymuchforyouhelp.fWeappreciateyourhelpverymuch.PlentyofmemoryworkisundoubtedlyhelpfultoEnglishstudy.fPlentyofmemoryworkwillundoubtedlycontributetoEnglishstudy..用短語代替單詞例如：Asaresult,theplanwas/turnedouttobeafailure.ShewenttoAustriatostudy/forthepurposeofstudyingmusic.Becausetheweatherwasgood/Thankstothegoodweather,ourjourneywascomfortable.Shecan’tcorrectlypronounce/hastroublepronouncingtheword..使用復雜結(jié)構(gòu)）.改變語態(tài)Peoplesuggestthattheconferencebeputoff.（一般）Itissuggestedthattheconferencebeputoff.（高級）.）使用不定式Heissokindthathecanhelpme.（一般）Heissokindastohelpme.（高級）3）使用過去分詞Shewalkedoutofthelabandmanystudentsfollowedher.（一般）Followedbymanystudents,shewalkedoutofthelab.（高級））.使用 V-ing形式Whenhearrives,pleasegivemeane-mail.（一般）Onarriving/hisarrival,pleasegivemeane-mail.（高級））.使用名詞性從句Itdisappointedeverybodythathedidn’tturnup.（一般）Thefactthathedidn’tturnupdisappointedeverybody.（高級））.使用定語從句Thegirlisspokenhighlyof.Hercompositionwaswellwritten.（一般）Thegirlwhosecompositionwaswellwrittenisspokenhighlyof.（高級）7）使用強調(diào)句、倒裝句、感嘆句Regularradiobroadcastsbeganin1920.（一般）Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastsbegan.（高級）ThoughI’mweak,Iwillmaketheeffort.（一般）WeakasIam,I’llmaketheeffort.（高級）Weweregladtoseethecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell.（一般）Howgladweweretoseethecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell!（高級）4.添加過渡語）.表示時間、順序關(guān)系的過渡語foronething,foranother,shortlyafterwards,afterthat,firstly,secondly...,then,next,finally,eventually,intheend.）表示遞進、強調(diào)關(guān)系的過渡語besides,furthermore,what’smore,inaddition,moreover,worsestill,tomakemattersworse,indeed,certainly,surely,aboveall,aswell3）表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的過渡語but,yet,however,nevertheless,inspiteof,otherwise,while,afterall）.表示對比關(guān)系的過渡語onthecontrary,insteadof,ononehand...ontheotherhand,justlike,unlike,inthesameway,atthesametime,meanwhile5）表示解釋、說明關(guān)系的過渡語namely（也就是）,actually,suchas,forexample,forinstance,thatistosay,inotherwords,andsoon,totellyouthetruth,accordingtothis.使用套語.陳述原因1)Therearethreereasonsforthis.2)Thereasonsforthisareasfollows.Therearethreereasonsthataccountforthisphenomenon.例如：Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife.Firstly，people’slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved.Secondly，mostpeoplearewellpaid,andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlike.Lastbutnotleast，moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife..陳述重要性、必要性、可能性或困難(1)Itisimportant(necessary，difficult，convenient,possible)forsb.todosth.2)Wethinkitnecessarytodosth.Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife.例如：Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere，whetherinthegovernment，inschoolsorinbusiness.Soon,computerswillbefoundineveryhome，too.WehavegoodreasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge..陳述變化Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears.Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworld ’scommunications.Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation.例如：Somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.Themajorreasonsforthesechangesarenotfartoseek.Nowadays，moreandmorepeopleareswitchingfromgraintomeatforprotein，andfromfruitandvegetabletomilkforvitamins.)提出方法措施1)Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures.2)Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome(conquer)thedifficulties.3)Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth.4)Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted(faced)with.例如：Thehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Thereforewemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit.).進行比較1)ComparedwithA，B...2)IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV.3)Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem.例如：Comparedwithcars，bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordable.Firstly，theydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetroleum.Secondly，theydonotcausethepollutionproblem.Lastbutnotleast，theycontributetopeople’shealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise.使用諺語.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotinwhatwegetbutinwhatwegive.人生的價值不在于索取，而在于奉獻。.Lifeisnotallroses.人生并非處處鳥語花香。3.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind？冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？4.AllroadsleadtoRome.條條道路通羅馬。tisnevertoolatetomend.亡羊補牢，為時未晚。.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.偉業(yè)非一日建成。.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗是成功之母。.Wellbegunishalfdone.良好的開端是成功的一半。.Strikewhiletheironishot.趁熱打鐵。.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.笑在最后，笑得最好。.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難見真交。.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.事實勝于雄辯。Factsspeakplainerthanwords.事實勝于雄辯.Allthatglittersisnotgold.發(fā)光的未必都是金子。.Amanisknownbythecompanyhekeeps.觀其交友，知其為人。.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只工作不玩耍，聰明的孩子也變傻。.Easiersaidthandone.說來容易做時難。19.It’snevertoolatetolearn.活到老，學到老。20.Opportunityknocksatthedooronlyonce.機不可失，時不再來。.Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行。.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.天助自助者高考英語書面表達萬能模板介紹一、英語書信的常見寫作模板開頭部分：、Hownicetohearfromyouagain.、Letmetellyousomethingabouttheactivity.3、I'mgladtohavereceivedyourletterof…、I’mpleasedtohearthatyou’recomingtoChinaforavisit.、I’mwritingtothankyouforyourhelpduringmystayinAmerica.結(jié)尾部分客套語：Withbestwishes.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldreplyearlier.二、口頭通知常見寫作模板呼語及開場白部分：、Ladiesandgentlemen：、Boysandgirls:MayIhaveyourattention,please?Ihaveanannouncementtomake.正文部分：Alltheteachersandstudentsarerequiredtoattendit.Pleasetakeyournotebooksandmakenotes.Pleaselistencarefullyandwe ’llhaveadiscussioningroups.Pleasecomeontimeanddon’tbelate.結(jié)束語部分：、Pleasecomeandjoininit.、Everybodyiswelcometoattendit.、Ihopeyou’llhaveanicetimehere.That’sall.Thankyou.三、議論文模板 .、正反觀點式議論文模板導入：第1段：Recentlywe’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould...（導入話題）.Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic.（觀點有分歧）正文：第2段：Mostofthestudentsareinfavourofit.（正方觀點）Herearethereasons.First...Second...Finally...（列出 2~3個贊成的理由）第3段：However,theothersarestronglyagainstit.（反方觀點）Theirreasonsareasfollows.Inthefirstplace...What’smore...Inaddition...（列出2~3個反對的理由）結(jié)論：第4段：Personallyspeaking,theadvantagesoverweighthedisadvantages,foritwilldousmoreharmthangood,soIsupportit.（個人觀點）.“A或者B”類議論文模板：導入：第1段：SomepeopleholdtheopinionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.Others,however,arguethatBismuchbetter.Personally,IwouldpreferAbecauseIthinkAhasmoreadvantages.正文：第2段：TherearemanyreasonswhyIpreferA.Themainreasonisthat...Anotherreasonisthat...（贊同 A的原因）第3段:Ofcourse,Balsohasadvantagestosomeextent...（列出1~2個B的優(yōu)勢）結(jié)論：第4段:Butifallthesefactorsareconsidered,AismuchbetterthanB.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayfinallydrawtheconclusionthat...（彳導出結(jié)論）才.觀點論述類議論文模板：導入：第1段：提出一種現(xiàn)象或某個決定作為議論的話題：Asastudent,Iamstronglyinfavourofthedecision.（亮明自己的觀點是贊成還是反對）Thereasonsforthismaybelistedasfollows.（過渡句，承上啟下）正文：第2段：Firstofall...Secondly...Besides...（列出 2~3個贊成或反對的理由）結(jié)論：第3段：Inconclusion,Ibelievethat... （照應第1段，構(gòu)成 "總—分—總 "結(jié)構(gòu)）."Howto"類議論文模板：導入：第1段：提出一種現(xiàn)象或某種困難作為議論的話題正文：第2段：Manywayscanhelptosolvethisseriousproblem,butthefollowingmaybemosteffective.Firstofall...Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemis...Finally...（列出2~3個解決此類問題的辦法）結(jié)論：第3段：Thesearenotthebestbuttheonlytwo/threemeasureswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatweshouldtakeactionto...（強調(diào)解決此類問題的根本方法 ）四、圖表作文寫作模板Thechartgivesusanoverallpictureofthe+圖表主題.Thefirstthingwenoticeisthat+圖表最大特點.Thismeansthat+進一步說明）.Wecanseefromthestatisticsgiventhat+圖表細節(jié)一 .Thefiguresalsotellusthat+圖表細節(jié)二.Inthecolumn,wecanseethataccountsfor+（進一步描述 ）.Judgingfromthesefigures,wecandrawtheconclusionthat+結(jié)論）.Thereasonforthis,asfarasIamconcernedisthat+給出原因）./Itishightimethatwe+發(fā)出倡議）.五、圖畫類寫作模板：.開頭Lookatthispicture./Thepictureshowsthat.../Fromthispicture,wecansee.../Asisshowninthepicture.../Asisseeninthepicture....銜接句Asweallknow,.../Asisknowntoall,.../Itiswellknownthat.../Inmyopinion,.../AsfarasIamconcerned,.../Thissightremindsmeofsomethinginmydailylife..結(jié)尾句Inconclusion.../In brief.../On thewhole.../In short.../In aword.../Generallyspeaking.../Ashasbeenstated...常見提高分數(shù)、改卷老師青睞的過渡詞和短語匯總：起（啟動觀點、引出話題的表達）：first,firstly,now,recently,lately（近來）,nowadays,currently（目前、當前、時下），atfirst,firsofall,inthefirstplace,firstandforemost（首要的是，首先）,inthebeginning,tobeginwith-,tostartwith,atpresent,foronething,ontheonehand,generallyspeaking承（承接論據(jù)，承上啟下的表達）：second,secondly,next,besides,furthermore（此外、而且、再者）,moreover（此外、而且）,likewise（同樣地，類似地）,similarly,inthesecondplace,inotherwords,inaddition,foranother,ontheotherhand,what’smore,forexample,forinstance（例如）,inthesamemanner（同樣地、類似地）,inparticular（特別的是）,moreimportantly（更重要的是）,forthispurpose,forthisreason,tobespecific（具體地說）,tobehonest（說實話） ,eaquallyimportant（同樣重要的是）,asamatteroffact（事實上）轉(zhuǎn)（語義轉(zhuǎn)折，反面論述的表達）：but,however,nevertheless（盡管如此、不過、然而 ）,while,whereas（然而、但是、盡管）,unlike（不同的是） ,conversely（相反） ,otherwise,despite,though，butontheotherhand,onthecontrary（相反）,inspiteof（盡管）,insteadof,bycontrast（相反），Ratherthan 合（合并總結(jié)，歸納全文的表達）：finally，last,lastly,thelastbutnottheleast（最后但不是不重要）,eventually（最后）,hence（由此、因此），thus（因此）,thereforeconsequently（因止匕），obviously,accordingl