版權(quán)說明：本文檔由用戶提供并上傳，收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方，若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán)，請進行舉報或認領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
Chapter3BritishPoliticsChapter3BritishPolitics1Warming-up1Newwordsandexpressions2BritishPolitics3JoyfulMoment4Exercises5ContentsWarming-up1Newwordsandexpre2Warming-upDoyouknowwhereitis?Warming-upDoyouknowwhereit3NewwordsandexpressionsRoyalPrerogative:皇家特權(quán)prorogue
vt.todiscontinuethemeetingsof(alegislativebody)使(議會)休會
—TheParliamentwasproroguedtothetenthofFebruary.國會休會到2月10日。backbencher:后排議員whip:n.amemberofalegislativebody,suchastheU.S.CongressortheBritishParliament,chargedbyhisorherpartywithenforcingpartydisciplineandensuringattendance.組織秘書，政黨紀律委員（英國和美國的政黨中負責(zé)確保本黨黨員出席政府重大辯論并投票的官員）NewwordsandexpressionsRoyal4Newwordsandexpressionsgotothecountry:解散議會重新選舉下議院,
舉行大選ecclesiastical:adj.oforrelatingtoachurch,especiallyasanorganizedinstitution.
基督教的;
(與)教會(有關(guān))的suffrage:n.Therightorprivilegeofvoting;franchise（政治性選舉的）選舉權(quán),投票權(quán)courtoffirstinstance:一審法院（庭）criminalappellatecourt:刑事法庭Newwordsandexpressionsgoto5IntroductionThepoliticsoftheUnitedKingdom—ConstitutionalmonarchyMonarch—StateHead; PrimeMinister—GovernmentHeadExecutivepower;legistiativepowerandindependentjudiciaryTwoMajorParties—theConservativePartyandtheLabourParty;Westminstersystem—CurrentlywidelyadoptedwithinthecountriesmadeupoftheBritishEmpireIntroductionThepoliticsofth6BritishPoliticsTheParliament
BritishPoliticsBFCDA
TheMonarchyTheBritishGovernmentTheJudicialSystem
TheGeneralElectionEPoliticalParties
BritishPoliticsTheParliamen7BritishPolitics—TheMonarchy
Britishmonarchy—IncludingUnitedKingdomanditsoverseasterritoriesThepresentmonarch—ElizabethII,reignedsinceFeb2,1952BritishPolitics—TheMonarchy8BritishPolitics—TheMonarchyTheexecutiveauthorityoverthegovernmentisbythemonarch’sRoyalprerogativeTheroyalprerogativeunderlawslegislatedbyParliamentorconventionandprecedentBritishPolitics—TheMonarchy9BritishPolitics—TheMonarchyTheOriginoftheMonarchyTheMonarchyoriginatesbeforetheNormanConquestin1066ThecontinuitybrokenonlyonceduringtheCivilWar(1642-1649)from1649-1660whenEnglandcalledacommonwealthRestoredin1660;CharlesI’ssonenthronedFormallyestablishedthroughGloriousRevolutionin1688;limitedconstitutionalmonarchyBritishPolitics—TheMonarchy10BritishPolitics—TheMonarchyConstitutionalRole
TheMonarchistheceremonialHeadofStatePrerogativepowers—onlyexercisedonthePrimeMinister’sadvice;ThemonarchmustacceptthedecisionsofthePrimeMinisterandtheCabinetTheRoyalPrerogative—appointordismissministers,regulatethecivilservice,issuepassportsdelcarewarormakepeace,directtheactionsofthemilitaryandetc.TheQueenseemsverypowerful,butinrealitysheisonlyafigure-head.
BritishPolitics—TheMonarchy11BritishPolitics—TheParliament
TheBritishParliamentisthesupremelegislatureofthecountryConsistingofthreeelements:themonarch,theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommonsTheprimaryfunctionisthemakingoflaw,thecontrolofthepublicrevenueandtheexaminationfofgovernmentofgovernmentpolicyandpublicadministrationTheofficialheadoftheparliamentistheQueenBritishPolitics—TheParliame12BritishPolitics—TheParliament
TheHouseofLords
TheHouseofLordsisthesuccessortothehistoricalGreatCouncil,whichwasanadvisorybodytoservethekingTwokindsoflords:theLordsSpiritualandtheLordsTemporalTheHouseofLordsdoesnotcontrolthetermofthePrimeMinisteroroftheGovernment.TheHouseofLordsdebateslegislation,andhassomepowertoamendorrejectbillsThehouseofLordsisthehighestcourtintheUnitedKingdomhearingcivilandcriminalappealsfromthelowercourts.TheproceduresoftheLordsaremoreinformalthanthoseoftheCommons,andtheirroleinsavingtheCommonsagreatamountoftimeiswidelyrecognized.BritishPolitics—TheParliame13BritishPolitics—TheParliament
TheHouseofCommons
AlsoknownastheLowerHouseiswheretherealpowerlies651seatstotally,distributedamongthefourcountries:524forEngland,38forWales,72forScotland,and17forNorthernIrelandEach“MemberofParliament”(MP)ischosenbyasingleconstituencyaccordingtotheFirst-Past-the-PostelectoralsystemThepartywhichwinssufficientseatsatageneralelectiontocommandamajorityofsupportersintheHouseofCommonsisaskedtoformthegovernmentbytheQueenThepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsbecomesknownastheOppositionThemainfunctionoftheHouseofCommonsislaw-makingBritishPolitics—TheParliame14BritishPolitics—TheBritishGovernment
Britishgovernmentisthesupremeadministrativeinstitutionwhichmanagesstateaffairs;ThecabinetisthecoreofleadershipoftheBritishgovernment“Government”and“cabinet”meandifferentthings;“government”isthecollectivenameforalltheministersandjuniorministers,plusfourlegalmembersandabouttwelveministerialwhips.The“Cabinet”is,ontheotherhand,madeupofthePrimeMinister,theLordPresidentofthePrivyCouncil,theheadsofthemostimportantDepartmentsandafewministerswithoutportfoliosTheBritishgovernmentcanbedividedintotwoparts—centralgovernmentandlocalgovernmentBritishPolitics—TheBritish15BritishPolitics—TheBritishGovernment
TheCabinet
ThenucleusoftheGovernmentisknownastheCabinetwhichiscomposedofthePrimeMinisterandheadsofthemostimportantdepartments;thePrimeMinisterwillchooseheadsofthedepartmentsandasktheMonarchtoappointthemaccordinglyACabinetmembermustbeeitheramemberoftheHouseofLordsoramemberoftheHouseofCommonsBritishPolitics—TheBritish16BritishPolitics—TheBritishGovernment
TheCabinet
InallmatterstheCabinetactsasaunit.Itistheso-calledCollectiveResponsibilityofCabinetgovernmentWheneverithappensthattheGovernment’simportantpolicyfailstopasstheHouseofCommons,theCabinethastoresigninabodyandtheOppositionPartywillformanewgovernment.ThePrimeMinistermayalsoaskthemonarchtodissolvetheexistingParliamentandorderanewelection.Thisistheso-called“GototheCountry”:toaskthepeopletomakethedecision.BritishPolitics—TheBritish17BritishPolitics—TheBritishGovernment
ThePrivyCouncil
Historically,UK’sseniordecision-makingbodyDuties:meetingtoapprovedecisionsthathavebeentakenelsewhereandmakingappointmentstoofficesofthecrown.Itcanexerciseexecutive,legalandlegislativepowersincertaincircumstancesTotallyhas550members,includingallcabinetmemberspastandpresent,theleadersofallthemainparties,theSpeaker,Archbishops,seniorjudgesandsomeotherimportantpublicfigures—usuallyonlyahandfulcalledforeachmeetingThePrivyCouncilcanexercisetherighttoenshrineinlawexecutivepoliciesindependentlyoftheparliamentaryprocessBritishPolitics—TheBritish18BritishPolitics—TheBritishGovernment
ThePrimeMinister
ThepoliticalleaderoftheUnitedKingdomandtheHeadofHerMajesty’sGovernmentThePrimeMinisterleadsamajorpoliticalparty,commandsamajorityintheHouseofCommons(theLegislature),andistheleaderoftheCabinet(theExecutive)ThePrimeMinisterguidesthelaw-makingprocesswiththegoalofenactingthelegislativeagendaofthepoliticalpartyheleadsThePrimeMinisterholdspoweroverthedeploymentanddispositionofBritishforcesandthedeclarationofwarBritishPolitics—TheBritish19
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
Fivetypesofelections:UnitedKingdomgeneralelections,electionstodevolvedparliamentsandassemblies,electionstoEuropeanParliament,localelectionsandmayoralelectionsUnitedKingdomgeneralelectionsaretheelectionsheldwhentheMembersofParliament(MPs)formingtheHouseofCommonsareelectedCandidatesaimtowinparticulargeographicconstituenciesintheUK.EachconstituencyelectsoneMPbythefirstpastthepostsystemofelection.Thepartywiththemostseats,i.e.themostMPs,usuallyformsthegovernment,andthesecondlargestpartyformsHerMajesty’sOpposition
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral20
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
Eligibility
MustbeacitizenoftheUK,theRepublicofIreland,orofaCommonwealthcountrylegallyresidentintheUK18yearsoldoroveronthedateoftheelectioniseligibletovoteNoteligibleifcurrentlyamemberoftheHouseofLords,imprisonedforacriminaloffence,mentallyincapableofmakingareasonedjudgment,anundischargedbankrupt,orhavebeenconvictedofcorruptorillegalpracticesinconnectionwithanelectionwiththepreviousfiveyears
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral21
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
Timing
AgeneralelectionisheldinBritaineveryfiveyears,asthemaximumtermofaparliamentisfiveyearsThewholeoftheUnitedKingdomisdividedinto650electoraldistricts,calledconstituencies.Eachconstituencyhasapproximatelyanequalsizeofpopulation,usuallyabout60,000votersandelectsonemembertotheHouseofCommons.
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral22
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
Post-election
Pollscloseat10p.m.andthevotesare,inmostconstituencies,countedimmediatelyTheearliestresultsaredeclaredbyabout11p.m.,withmosthavingbeendeclaredby3or4a.m.;someconstituenciesdonotdeclaretheirresultsuntilthefollowingdayThemajoritypartyformsthegovernment;ForthecurrentPrimeMinister,ifamajorityinthenewParliamenthasbeenachievedbytheirparty,thereisnoneedforreconfirmationorreappointmentbytheMonarch.Ifamajoritynotachieved,thePrimeMinistersubmitsaresignationtotheMonarch.TheMonarchthencommissionstheleaderofthenewmajoritypartytoformanewgovernment
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral23
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
TwoMajorParties
Priortothemid-19thcenturypoliticsintheUnitedKingdomwasdominatedbytheWhigsandtheTories;Notmodernparties,onlyloosealliancesofinterestsandindividualsWiththeevolvementtillthemiddleofthe19thcentury,theWhigswasrenamedtheLiberalParty;theToriesrenamedtheConservativePartyTheConservativePartyandLiberalPartydominatedthepoliticalsceneuntilthe1920s.TheLiberalPartywasfinallyreplacedbythenewlyemergingLabourParty;
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral24
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
TwoMajorParties
Since1922,theConservativeandLaborPartieshavedominatedBritishpolitics,andhavealternatedingovernment.TheConservativePartygetssupportupper-middleclassesTheLaborPartygetssupportfromabout20%oftheupper-middleclass,halfofthemiddle-class,and60%ofthemanualworkers
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral25
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
MinorParties
TheSocialDemocraticPartyisanewpartywhichwasfoundedbyagroupofleadersfromtheLaborPartyonMarch26,1981,whodefectedbecausetheythoughtthepartywasbecomingtooleftwingTheLiberalPartyTheCommunistPartybuiltupbysomeMarxistgroupsonJuly21,1920
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral26
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
TheJudicialSystem
TheUKhasthreedistinctsystemsoflaw:Englishlaw,NorthernIrelandlawandScotslawTheJudicialCommitteeofthePrivyCouncil,comprisingthesamemembersastheAppellateCommitteeoftheHouseofLords,isthehighestcourtofappealforseveralindependentCommonwealthcountries,theUKoverseasterritories,andtheBritishcrowndependenciesThelawasawholeconsistspartlyofstatutesorActsofParliamentandpartlyofcommonlawmadeupofpastdecisionsofjudges,andcustom,andpartlyofequityThesystemoflawisalmostthesameinEnglandandWales,butsomewhatdifferentisScotlandandNorthernIreland
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral27
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
TheSeniorCourts
TheSeniorCourtsComprisesthefollowingcourts，CourtofAppeal，HighCourtofJusticeandCrownCourtTheCourtofAppealdealsonlywithappealsfromothercourtsortribunals.TheCourtofAppealhastwodivisions:theCivilDivisionandtheCriminalDivisionTheHighCourtofJusticefunctionsbothasacivilcourtoffirstinstanceandacriminalappellatecourtforcasesfromthesubordinatecourts.Itconsistsofthreedivisions:theQueen’sBench,theChanceryandtheFamilydivisionsTheCrownCourtisacriminalcourtofbothoriginalandappellatejurisdictionwhichinadditionhandlesalimitedamountofcivilbusinessbothatfirstinstanceandonappeal
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral28
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
SubordinateCourts
ThemostcommonsubordinatecourtsinEnglandandWalesaretheMagistrates’Courts,FamilyProceedingsCourts,YouthCourtsandCountryCourtsTheMagistrates’Courtshandlesminorcriminalcases,aswellascertainlicensingapplicationsYouthcourtsdealswithoffendersagedbetweentheagesof10and17inclusiveFamilyProceedingsCourtshearFamilylawcasesincludingcarecasesBoththeYouthCourtsandtheFamilyProceedingsCourtsarenotopentopublic
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral29
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
CountryCourtsCountyCourtsareconstitutionalcourtswithapurelyciviljurisdictionCountycourtshavedivorcejurisdictionandundertakeprivatefamilycases,careproceedingsandadoptionsCountyCourtsarelocalcourtsinthesensethateachonehasanareaoverwhichcertainkindsofjurisdiction--suchasactionsconcerninglandorcasesconcerningchildrenwhoresideinthearea--areexercised
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral30
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
Jury
InEnglandandWalesjurytrialsareusedforcriminalcases,thejuryconsistsoftwelvejuror(betweentheagesof18and75)incriminalandcivilcases;inScotland,fifteenincriminalcases,twelveincivilcasesintheHighCourtofJusticeandsevenincivilcasesintheCountyCourtThejury’sjobisdecidingwhethertheaccusedpersonisguiltyorinnocentinthelightoftheevidence.Theyhavenohandindecidingonthe“sentence”whichisuptothejudgesJurytrialshavebeenincreasinglyregardedasexpensive,time-consuming,andanachronistic
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral31JoyfulmomentJoyfulmoment32ExercisesExercises33英美概況(第二版)UK-chapter-3-British-Politics-課件34Chapter3BritishPoliticsChapter3BritishPolitics35Warming-up1Newwordsandexpressions2BritishPolitics3JoyfulMoment4Exercises5ContentsWarming-up1Newwordsandexpre36Warming-upDoyouknowwhereitis?Warming-upDoyouknowwhereit37NewwordsandexpressionsRoyalPrerogative:皇家特權(quán)prorogue
vt.todiscontinuethemeetingsof(alegislativebody)使(議會)休會
—TheParliamentwasproroguedtothetenthofFebruary.國會休會到2月10日。backbencher:后排議員whip:n.amemberofalegislativebody,suchastheU.S.CongressortheBritishParliament,chargedbyhisorherpartywithenforcingpartydisciplineandensuringattendance.組織秘書，政黨紀律委員（英國和美國的政黨中負責(zé)確保本黨黨員出席政府重大辯論并投票的官員）NewwordsandexpressionsRoyal38Newwordsandexpressionsgotothecountry:解散議會重新選舉下議院,
舉行大選ecclesiastical:adj.oforrelatingtoachurch,especiallyasanorganizedinstitution.
基督教的;
(與)教會(有關(guān))的suffrage:n.Therightorprivilegeofvoting;franchise（政治性選舉的）選舉權(quán),投票權(quán)courtoffirstinstance:一審法院（庭）criminalappellatecourt:刑事法庭Newwordsandexpressionsgoto39IntroductionThepoliticsoftheUnitedKingdom—ConstitutionalmonarchyMonarch—StateHead; PrimeMinister—GovernmentHeadExecutivepower;legistiativepowerandindependentjudiciaryTwoMajorParties—theConservativePartyandtheLabourParty;Westminstersystem—CurrentlywidelyadoptedwithinthecountriesmadeupoftheBritishEmpireIntroductionThepoliticsofth40BritishPoliticsTheParliament
BritishPoliticsBFCDA
TheMonarchyTheBritishGovernmentTheJudicialSystem
TheGeneralElectionEPoliticalParties
BritishPoliticsTheParliamen41BritishPolitics—TheMonarchy
Britishmonarchy—IncludingUnitedKingdomanditsoverseasterritoriesThepresentmonarch—ElizabethII,reignedsinceFeb2,1952BritishPolitics—TheMonarchy42BritishPolitics—TheMonarchyTheexecutiveauthorityoverthegovernmentisbythemonarch’sRoyalprerogativeTheroyalprerogativeunderlawslegislatedbyParliamentorconventionandprecedentBritishPolitics—TheMonarchy43BritishPolitics—TheMonarchyTheOriginoftheMonarchyTheMonarchyoriginatesbeforetheNormanConquestin1066ThecontinuitybrokenonlyonceduringtheCivilWar(1642-1649)from1649-1660whenEnglandcalledacommonwealthRestoredin1660;CharlesI’ssonenthronedFormallyestablishedthroughGloriousRevolutionin1688;limitedconstitutionalmonarchyBritishPolitics—TheMonarchy44BritishPolitics—TheMonarchyConstitutionalRole
TheMonarchistheceremonialHeadofStatePrerogativepowers—onlyexercisedonthePrimeMinister’sadvice;ThemonarchmustacceptthedecisionsofthePrimeMinisterandtheCabinetTheRoyalPrerogative—appointordismissministers,regulatethecivilservice,issuepassportsdelcarewarormakepeace,directtheactionsofthemilitaryandetc.TheQueenseemsverypowerful,butinrealitysheisonlyafigure-head.
BritishPolitics—TheMonarchy45BritishPolitics—TheParliament
TheBritishParliamentisthesupremelegislatureofthecountryConsistingofthreeelements:themonarch,theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommonsTheprimaryfunctionisthemakingoflaw,thecontrolofthepublicrevenueandtheexaminationfofgovernmentofgovernmentpolicyandpublicadministrationTheofficialheadoftheparliamentistheQueenBritishPolitics—TheParliame46BritishPolitics—TheParliament
TheHouseofLords
TheHouseofLordsisthesuccessortothehistoricalGreatCouncil,whichwasanadvisorybodytoservethekingTwokindsoflords:theLordsSpiritualandtheLordsTemporalTheHouseofLordsdoesnotcontrolthetermofthePrimeMinisteroroftheGovernment.TheHouseofLordsdebateslegislation,andhassomepowertoamendorrejectbillsThehouseofLordsisthehighestcourtintheUnitedKingdomhearingcivilandcriminalappealsfromthelowercourts.TheproceduresoftheLordsaremoreinformalthanthoseoftheCommons,andtheirroleinsavingtheCommonsagreatamountoftimeiswidelyrecognized.BritishPolitics—TheParliame47BritishPolitics—TheParliament
TheHouseofCommons
AlsoknownastheLowerHouseiswheretherealpowerlies651seatstotally,distributedamongthefourcountries:524forEngland,38forWales,72forScotland,and17forNorthernIrelandEach“MemberofParliament”(MP)ischosenbyasingleconstituencyaccordingtotheFirst-Past-the-PostelectoralsystemThepartywhichwinssufficientseatsatageneralelectiontocommandamajorityofsupportersintheHouseofCommonsisaskedtoformthegovernmentbytheQueenThepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsbecomesknownastheOppositionThemainfunctionoftheHouseofCommonsislaw-makingBritishPolitics—TheParliame48BritishPolitics—TheBritishGovernment
Britishgovernmentisthesupremeadministrativeinstitutionwhichmanagesstateaffairs;ThecabinetisthecoreofleadershipoftheBritishgovernment“Government”and“cabinet”meandifferentthings;“government”isthecollectivenameforalltheministersandjuniorministers,plusfourlegalmembersandabouttwelveministerialwhips.The“Cabinet”is,ontheotherhand,madeupofthePrimeMinister,theLordPresidentofthePrivyCouncil,theheadsofthemostimportantDepartmentsandafewministerswithoutportfoliosTheBritishgovernmentcanbedividedintotwoparts—centralgovernmentandlocalgovernmentBritishPolitics—TheBritish49BritishPolitics—TheBritishGovernment
TheCabinet
ThenucleusoftheGovernmentisknownastheCabinetwhichiscomposedofthePrimeMinisterandheadsofthemostimportantdepartments;thePrimeMinisterwillchooseheadsofthedepartmentsandasktheMonarchtoappointthemaccordinglyACabinetmembermustbeeitheramemberoftheHouseofLordsoramemberoftheHouseofCommonsBritishPolitics—TheBritish50BritishPolitics—TheBritishGovernment
TheCabinet
InallmatterstheCabinetactsasaunit.Itistheso-calledCollectiveResponsibilityofCabinetgovernmentWheneverithappensthattheGovernment’simportantpolicyfailstopasstheHouseofCommons,theCabinethastoresigninabodyandtheOppositionPartywillformanewgovernment.ThePrimeMinistermayalsoaskthemonarchtodissolvetheexistingParliamentandorderanewelection.Thisistheso-called“GototheCountry”:toaskthepeopletomakethedecision.BritishPolitics—TheBritish51BritishPolitics—TheBritishGovernment
ThePrivyCouncil
Historically,UK’sseniordecision-makingbodyDuties:meetingtoapprovedecisionsthathavebeentakenelsewhereandmakingappointmentstoofficesofthecrown.Itcanexerciseexecutive,legalandlegislativepowersincertaincircumstancesTotallyhas550members,includingallcabinetmemberspastandpresent,theleadersofallthemainparties,theSpeaker,Archbishops,seniorjudgesandsomeotherimportantpublicfigures—usuallyonlyahandfulcalledforeachmeetingThePrivyCouncilcanexercisetherighttoenshrineinlawexecutivepoliciesindependentlyoftheparliamentaryprocessBritishPolitics—TheBritish52BritishPolitics—TheBritishGovernment
ThePrimeMinister
ThepoliticalleaderoftheUnitedKingdomandtheHeadofHerMajesty’sGovernmentThePrimeMinisterleadsamajorpoliticalparty,commandsamajorityintheHouseofCommons(theLegislature),andistheleaderoftheCabinet(theExecutive)ThePrimeMinisterguidesthelaw-makingprocesswiththegoalofenactingthelegislativeagendaofthepoliticalpartyheleadsThePrimeMinisterholdspoweroverthedeploymentanddispositionofBritishforcesandthedeclarationofwarBritishPolitics—TheBritish53
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
Fivetypesofelections:UnitedKingdomgeneralelections,electionstodevolvedparliamentsandassemblies,electionstoEuropeanParliament,localelectionsandmayoralelectionsUnitedKingdomgeneralelectionsaretheelectionsheldwhentheMembersofParliament(MPs)formingtheHouseofCommonsareelectedCandidatesaimtowinparticulargeographicconstituenciesintheUK.EachconstituencyelectsoneMPbythefirstpastthepostsystemofelection.Thepartywiththemostseats,i.e.themostMPs,usuallyformsthegovernment,andthesecondlargestpartyformsHerMajesty’sOpposition
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral54
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
Eligibility
MustbeacitizenoftheUK,theRepublicofIreland,orofaCommonwealthcountrylegallyresidentintheUK18yearsoldoroveronthedateoftheelectioniseligibletovoteNoteligibleifcurrentlyamemberoftheHouseofLords,imprisonedforacriminaloffence,mentallyincapableofmakingareasonedjudgment,anundischargedbankrupt,orhavebeenconvictedofcorruptorillegalpracticesinconnectionwithanelectionwiththepreviousfiveyears
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral55
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
Timing
AgeneralelectionisheldinBritaineveryfiveyears,asthemaximumtermofaparliamentisfiveyearsThewholeoftheUnitedKingdomisdividedinto650electoraldistricts,calledconstituencies.Eachconstituencyhasapproximatelyanequalsizeofpopulation,usuallyabout60,000votersandelectsonemembertotheHouseofCommons.
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral56
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
Post-election
Pollscloseat10p.m.andthevotesare,inmostconstituencies,countedimmediatelyTheearliestresultsaredeclaredbyabout11p.m.,withmosthavingbeendeclaredby3or4a.m.;someconstituenciesdonotdeclaretheirresultsuntilthefollowingdayThemajoritypartyformsthegovernment;ForthecurrentPrimeMinister,ifamajorityinthenewParliamenthasbeenachievedbytheirparty,thereisnoneedforreconfirmationorreappointmentbytheMonarch.Ifamajoritynotachieved,thePrimeMinistersubmitsaresignationtotheMonarch.TheMonarchthencommissionstheleaderofthenewmajoritypartytoformanewgovernment
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral57
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
TwoMajorParties
Priortothemid-19thcenturypoliticsintheUnitedKingdomwasdominatedbytheWhigsandtheTories;Notmodernparties,onlyloosealliancesofinterestsandindividualsWiththeevolvementtillthemiddleofthe19thcentury,theWhigswasrenamedtheLiberalParty;theToriesrenamedtheConservativePartyTheConservativePartyandLiberalPartydominatedthepoliticalsceneuntilthe1920s.TheLiberalPartywasfinallyreplacedbythenewlyemergingLabourParty;
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral58
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
TwoMajorParties
Since1922,theConservativeandLaborPartieshavedominatedBritishpolitics,andhavealternatedingovernment.TheConservativePartygetssupportupper-middleclassesTheLaborPartygetssupportfromabout20%oftheupper-middleclass,halfofthemiddle-class,and60%ofthemanualworkers
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral59
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
MinorParties
TheSocialDemocraticPartyisanewpartywhichwasfoundedbyagroupofleadersfromtheLaborPartyonMarch26,1981,whodefectedbecausetheythoughtthepartywasbecomingtooleftwingTheLiberalPartyTheCommunistPartybuiltupbysomeMarxistgroupsonJuly21,1920
BritishPolitics—TheGeneral60
BritishPolitics—TheGeneralElection
TheJudicialSystem
TheUKhasthreedistinctsystemsoflaw:Englishlaw,NorthernIrelandlawandScotslawTheJudicialC
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽，若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間，僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理，對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，請與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 離子探針技術(shù)
- 2025年中職農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟管理（農(nóng)村財務(wù)管理）試題及答案
- 2025年高職市場營銷（渠道管理策略）試題及答案
- 2026年工程建設(shè)影響的環(huán)境監(jiān)測與調(diào)控
- 2025年在線醫(yī)療平臺醫(yī)生聘用協(xié)議
- 2025年中職圖書情報與檔案管理（圖情檔基礎(chǔ)）試題及答案
- 2026年婚慶服務(wù)（場地布置）試題及答案
- 2025年高職（工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)）工業(yè)APP開發(fā)技術(shù)綜合測試題
- 2025年中職農(nóng)林牧漁（動物養(yǎng)殖）試題及答案
- 2025年高職新聞出版（編輯校對）試題及答案
- 2026年藥店培訓(xùn)計劃試題及答案
- 2026春招：中國煙草真題及答案
- 物流鐵路專用線工程節(jié)能評估報告
- 2026河南省氣象部門招聘應(yīng)屆高校畢業(yè)生14人（第2號）參考題庫附答案
- 2026天津市南開區(qū)衛(wèi)生健康系統(tǒng)招聘事業(yè)單位60人（含高層次人才）備考核心試題附答案解析
- 2025江蘇無錫市宜興市部分機關(guān)事業(yè)單位招聘編外人員40人（A類）備考筆試試題及答案解析
- 卵巢過度刺激征課件
- 漢服行業(yè)市場壁壘分析報告
- 重瞼手術(shù)知情同意書
- 2026華潤燃氣校園招聘（公共基礎(chǔ)知識）綜合能力測試題附答案解析
- 高血壓的血流動力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課件
評論
0/150
提交評論