INTRODUCTIONTOPYRAMIDPRINCIPLE金字塔式寫作原則簡(jiǎn)介麥肯錫公司項(xiàng)目小組培訓(xùn)材料此報(bào)告僅供客戶內(nèi)部使用。未經(jīng)麥肯錫公司的書面許可，其它任何機(jī)構(gòu)不得擅自傳閱、引用或復(fù)制。0為什么學(xué)習(xí)這門課程如何高效地進(jìn)行溝通提高溝通的效能：溝通是為了解決問(wèn)題，要有明確和有價(jià)值的思想提高溝通的效率：溝通要讓對(duì)方準(zhǔn)確快速地理解你的意思，掌握關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)1WritingBackwards--ThePyramid

從結(jié)論說(shuō)起TheGoverningThought(TOPS)

中心思想LogicalArguments

邏輯論證LogicalGroupings

邏輯組合NoGaps,NoOverlaps(MECE)

不遺漏、不重疊(不多不少)

AGENDA課程2EVOLUTIONOFSTRATEGICWRITING

策略性寫作方式的演變Writingsentences

造句Writingstories

寫故事Writingbackwards

從后面(結(jié)論)寫起IIIIII3雪莉吾友：我倆是多年老朋友了，共渡過(guò)許多好時(shí)光…但一個(gè)月前你說(shuō)了些令人難受的話…上兩星期你又沒(méi)來(lái)參加我辦的宴會(huì)…后來(lái)…4雪莉吾友：我恨你！因?yàn)椤?/p>

5DearShirley...

雪莉吾友…Ihateyou

我恨你Reason#1第一個(gè)理由

Reason#2

第二個(gè)理由

Reason#3

第三個(gè)理由

WRITINGBACKWARDS(PYRAMIDPRINCIPLE)

從結(jié)論說(shuō)起(金字塔寫作原則)6SOLVINGTHEPROBLEM

解決問(wèn)題Facts

事實(shí)Analyses

分析Conclusions

結(jié)論Recommen-dations

建議方案COMMUNICATINGTHESOLUTION

溝通解決問(wèn)題的辦法Recommendations

建議方案Actions/steps/reasons

行動(dòng)/步驟/理由Facts/analyses

事實(shí)/分析Whatshouldbedone?

該做什麼？Howorwhyshoulditbedone?

為什麼該做這些？如何做？Howdoyouknowtherecommendationsaresound?

怎麼知道這建議方案是完善的？7DEVELOPINGASTRUCTUREFOR"WRITINGBACKWARDS"

如何建構(gòu)「從結(jié)論說(shuō)起」的作品Governingthought

中心思想Keylinesupport

支撐思想的主要理由Support

支撐理由Support

支撐理由8AGENDA課程WritingBackwards--ThePyramid

從結(jié)論說(shuō)起TheGoverningThought(TOPS)

中心思想LogicalArguments

邏輯論證LogicalGroupings

邏輯組合NoGaps,NoOverlaps(MECE)

不遺漏、不重疊(不多不少)

9"IFYOUWERETOBOILYOURBOOKDOWNTOAFEWWORDS,WHATWOULDBEITSMESSAGE?"『您能能用用一一句句話話介介紹紹您您的的這這本本大大作作嗎嗎？？』』10GOVERNINGTHOUGHT中心心思思想想的的要要訣訣TOPSTargetedtoouraudience瞄準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)觀觀眾眾Over-arching周延延完完整整Powerful擲地地有有聲聲Supportable言之之有有據(jù)據(jù)11GOVERNINGTHOUGHT--ISITTOPS?檢驗(yàn)驗(yàn)中中心心思思想想是是否否合合乎乎標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)？？ThecompanyhaspotentialintheA,B,andCmarketsegments本公公司司在在甲甲、、乙乙、、丙丙三三個(gè)個(gè)市市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)具具備備發(fā)發(fā)展展?jié)摑摿αhecompanyshouldenteremergingmarketsegmentsaggressivelytopreemptcompetition本公公司司應(yīng)應(yīng)積積極極打打入入新新興興起起的的市市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)區(qū)區(qū)隔隔之之中中，，以以及及早早占占有有優(yōu)優(yōu)勢(shì)勢(shì)競(jìng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)爭(zhēng)地地位位12AGENDA課程程WritingBackwards--ThePyramid從結(jié)結(jié)論論說(shuō)說(shuō)起起TheGoverningThought(TOPS)中心心思思想想LogicalArguments邏輯輯論論證證LogicalGroupings邏輯輯組組合合NoGaps,NoOverlaps(MECE)不遺遺漏漏、、不不重重疊疊(不不多多不不少少)13Governingthought中心心思思想想Keylinesupport主要要理理由由Governingthought中心心思思想想ARGUMENT論證證式式GROUPING組合合式式14ARGUMENTSTRUCTURE(DEDUCTIVEREASONING)邏輯輯論論證證式式架架構(gòu)構(gòu)(演演繹繹推推論論)Keylinesupport主要要理理由由Governingthought中心心思思想想Non-controversialstatementaboutsituation以無(wú)無(wú)可可爭(zhēng)爭(zhēng)議議的的說(shuō)說(shuō)法法來(lái)來(lái)陳陳述述情情況況Commentonsituation對(duì)情情況況的的評(píng)評(píng)論論Implicationofsituationandcomment("therefore"point)情況況所所代代表表的的涵涵義義及及評(píng)評(píng)論論(「因因此此」」……)15LOGICALARGUMENT-EXAMPLE邏輯輯論論證證舉舉例例Toimprovesales,DynamoshouldtakeimmediatestepstodevelopandexecuteamoretargetedmarketingplanfortheLX20貴公司必必須立立即采取取行動(dòng)動(dòng)，研擬擬并實(shí)實(shí)行對(duì)象象明確確的營(yíng)銷銷計(jì)劃劃以改善善LX20產(chǎn)品的銷銷售Asyoususpected,somemanufacturingflawshavehurtsalesofDynamo抯newsystemLX20正如你所所料想想的，生生產(chǎn)過(guò)過(guò)程的瑕瑕疵影影響了新新產(chǎn)品品LX20的銷售However,majorcauseofdisappointingsalesisDynamo抯unfocusedmarketingeffort然而，真真正使使得銷售售不振振的主要要原因因則在于于貴公公司市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷銷的重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)不集集中Therefore,Dynamoshouldtakeimmediatestepstodevelopandexecuteamoretargetedmarketingplan因此，貴貴公司司應(yīng)立即即研擬擬一份更更明確確強(qiáng)調(diào)重重點(diǎn)對(duì)對(duì)象的營(yíng)營(yíng)銷計(jì)計(jì)劃并開(kāi)開(kāi)始實(shí)實(shí)行16SOMEARGUMENTPATTERNS部分邏輯輯論證證模式SuccessrequiresX需有X才能成功功SuccessrequiresX需要X才能成功功YouarepursuingX你正朝X發(fā)展YouthoughtXwasaproblem你認(rèn)為X是問(wèn)題Performanceisnotasexpected績(jī)效不如如預(yù)期期YouarenotequippedtodoX你無(wú)法作作到Y(jié)ouarenotfocusingonX你的重心心不在在XYwouldbebetter但Y比較有利利FurtherinvestigationshowsitY但調(diào)查顯顯示Y才是問(wèn)題題UnderlyingcauseisX問(wèn)題出在在XTherefore,developcapabilityforX因此，建建立作作X的能力Therefore,shiftfocustoX因此，轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移重重心到XTherefore,changedirectiontoY因此，轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向Y前進(jìn)Therefore,shiftfocustoY因此，轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移重重心到Y(jié)Therefore,takestepstofixX因此，設(shè)設(shè)法解解決X17PROSANDCONSOFARGUMENTS邏輯論證證的利利弊Keyline主要理理由Governingthought中心思想想Noncontroversialstatementaboutsituation以無(wú)可爭(zhēng)爭(zhēng)議的的說(shuō)法來(lái)來(lái)陳述述情況Commentonsituation對(duì)情況的的評(píng)論論意見(jiàn)Implicationofsituationandcomment("therefore"point)情況所代代表的的涵義及及評(píng)論論(「「因此」」………)Pros利Cons弊Demonstratesthatnootheravenuewillwork證明內(nèi)容容的必必然走向向(沒(méi)有有第二二條路可可走)Canbeparticularlyeffectivewithresistantaudiences對(duì)有拒絕絕心理理的聽(tīng)眾眾尤為為有效Ifaudiencedisagreeswith"situation"or"comment,"argumentwillfailtopersuade如聽(tīng)眾對(duì)對(duì)「情情況」或或「意意見(jiàn)」有有異議議，該論論證即即失去了了說(shuō)服服力Requiresaudiencetoremembermuchinformationbeforegettingto"sowhat"聽(tīng)眾在聽(tīng)聽(tīng)到最最后的「「所以以」結(jié)論論時(shí)，，先要記記憶大大量信息息18AGENDA課程WritingBackwards--ThePyramid從結(jié)論說(shuō)說(shuō)起TheGoverningThought(TOPS)中心思想想LogicalArguments邏輯論證證LogicalGroupings邏輯組合合NoGaps,NoOverlaps(MECE)不遺漏、、不重重疊(不不多不不少)19GROUPINGSTRUCTURE(INDUCTIVEREASONING)邏輯組合合式架架構(gòu)(歸歸納結(jié)論論)Keyline主要理由由Governingthought中心思想想Samekindofidea:同類想法法ReasonsExamplesActions原因例子行動(dòng)20LOGICALGROUPING--EXAMPLE邏輯組合合舉例例Toimprovesales,DynamoshouldtakeimmediatestepstodevelopandexecuteamoretargetedmarketingplanfortheLX20貴公司必必須立立即采取取行動(dòng)動(dòng)，研擬擬并實(shí)實(shí)行對(duì)象象明確確的營(yíng)銷銷計(jì)劃劃以改善善LX20產(chǎn)品的銷銷售Explicitlyidentifyhigh-prioritysegmentsandtheirneeds確實(shí)找出出高優(yōu)優(yōu)先性的的客戶戶群及其其需求求Developtailoredpromotionsandsalesaids發(fā)展針對(duì)對(duì)目標(biāo)標(biāo)客戶設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)的的促銷活活動(dòng)及及工具Establishappropriatecustomercontactandfollow-upguidelines建立合宜宜的客客戶聯(lián)系系及追追蹤制度度21ISTHISAGOODGROUPING?--1這是個(gè)好好的邏邏輯組合合嗎？？--1Thedivisionshouldtakeseveralstepstoimproveprofitability該部門應(yīng)應(yīng)采取取多種措措施，，改善盈盈利Shiftstrategicfocus改變戰(zhàn)略略性焦焦點(diǎn)Reexaminesalesforceincentives重新檢討討銷售售隊(duì)伍的的原動(dòng)動(dòng)力Theimprovementprogramhasimportantimplicationsfortheorganization改善計(jì)劃劃對(duì)公公司而言言有很很重大的的意義義22ISTHISAGOODGROUPING?--2這是個(gè)好好的邏邏輯組合合嗎？？--2Planningforthefuture為未來(lái)籌籌劃Implementingtheproposedplanningsystemwillbecostlyandtime-consuming推行建議議的計(jì)計(jì)劃系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)花費(fèi)會(huì)會(huì)很高高，而且且很費(fèi)費(fèi)時(shí)Itisnotclearthatthenewsystemwillcorrectthemajorweaknessesoftheexistingsystem新系統(tǒng)是是否可可糾正現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有系系統(tǒng)的主主要弱弱點(diǎn)還是是未知知之?dāng)?shù)Importanceofgoodplanning好好作出出規(guī)劃劃的重要要性23ISTHISAGOODGROUPING?--3這是個(gè)好好的邏邏輯組合合嗎？？--3Accountingsystemneedstobemodified會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)需作作修改Retailstoreshavenotsufferedmajorprofitdecline零售商店店的利利潤(rùn)并未未大幅幅下降Variationsinproductlineprofitabilitybyregionnotwellunderstood并沒(méi)有真真正理理解各區(qū)區(qū)不同同產(chǎn)品系系列的的利潤(rùn)差差別SouthernRegiononlymoderatelymoreprofitable南區(qū)只取取得稍稍高的利利潤(rùn)PresentstoreP&Lleadstowrongdecisionsatstorelevel商店根據(jù)據(jù)現(xiàn)有有的盈虧虧情況況錯(cuò)誤地地作出出決定24PROSANDCONSOFGROUPINGS邏輯組合合的利利弊Keyline主要理理由Governingthought中心思想想Pros利Cons弊Majorpointseasytoremember便于記住住要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)Veryeffectiveforaction-orientedaudiences對(duì)注重具具體措措施的聽(tīng)聽(tīng)眾極極為有效效Ifonepointrejected,remainingpointsmaystillpersuade一點(diǎn)被否否定，，其余各各點(diǎn)仍仍具說(shuō)服服力Couldbetooforcefulforsomeaudiences對(duì)一些聽(tīng)聽(tīng)眾可可能有勉勉強(qiáng)之之嫌25Asyoususpected,somemanufacturingflawshavehurtsalesofDynamo抯newsystemLX20正如你所所料想想的，生生產(chǎn)過(guò)過(guò)程的瑕瑕疵對(duì)對(duì)新產(chǎn)品品LX20的銷售造造成損損害However,majorcauseofdisappointingsalesisDynamo抯unfocusedmarketingeffort然而，真真正使使得銷售售不振振的主要要原因因則在於於貴公公司市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷銷的重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)不集集中Therefore,Dynamoshouldtakeimmediatestepstodevelopandexecuteamoretargetedmarketingplan因此，貴貴公司司應(yīng)立即即研擬擬一份更更明確確強(qiáng)調(diào)重重點(diǎn)對(duì)對(duì)象的營(yíng)營(yíng)銷計(jì)計(jì)劃并開(kāi)開(kāi)始實(shí)實(shí)行Explicitlyidentifyhigh-prioritysegmentsandtheirneeds確實(shí)找找出出高優(yōu)優(yōu)先先性的的客客戶群群及及其需需求求Developtailoredpromotionsandsalesaids發(fā)展針針對(duì)對(duì)目標(biāo)標(biāo)客客戶設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)的促促銷銷活動(dòng)動(dòng)及及工具具Establishappropriatecustomercontactandfollow-upguidelines建立合合宜宜的客客戶戶聯(lián)系系及及追蹤蹤制制度DynamoshouldtakeimmediatestepstodevelopandexecuteamoretargetedmarketingplanfortheLX20貴公司司必必須立立即即采取取行行動(dòng)，，研研擬并并實(shí)實(shí)行明明確確對(duì)象象的的營(yíng)銷銷計(jì)計(jì)劃以以改改善LX20產(chǎn)品的的銷銷售DynamoshouldtakeimmediatestepstodevelopandexecuteamoretargetedmarketingplanfortheLX20貴公司司必必須立立即即采取取行行動(dòng)，，研研擬并并實(shí)實(shí)行明明確確對(duì)象象的的營(yíng)銷銷計(jì)計(jì)劃以以改改善LX20產(chǎn)品的的銷銷售ARGUMENT論證式式GROUPING組合式式Needforaction需要行行動(dòng)動(dòng)的理理由由vs.相對(duì)于于Actions行動(dòng)的的內(nèi)內(nèi)容26AGENDA課程WritingBackwards?ThePyramid從結(jié)論論說(shuō)說(shuō)起TheGoverningThought(TOPS)中心思思想想LogicalArguments邏輯論論證證LogicalGroupings邏輯組組合合NoGaps,NoOverlaps(MECE)不遺漏漏、、不重重疊疊(不不多多不少少)27MutuallyExclusive/CollectivelyExhaustive(Nooverlaps)(Nogaps)相互之之間間具有有排排他性性/整體體而而言毫毫無(wú)無(wú)遺漏漏MECE不多不不少少(不重重疊)(不遺遺漏)28ISITMECE?--1這是否否「「不多多不不少」」？？--1Weshouldsellourhouse我們應(yīng)應(yīng)把把房子子出出售Weneedmoreroom我們需需要要更大大的的地方方Thehouseisold,andneedsexpensivebasicrepairs房子已已很很舊，，需需進(jìn)行行花花費(fèi)很很高高的基基本本維修修Thekitchenistoosmall廚房太太小小Thefurnaceisbroken爐子壞壞了了Thereistoomuchtrafficonourstreet我們這這條條街交交通通太繁繁忙忙了29ISITMECE?--2這是否否「「不多多不不少」」？？--2Entrybarriersarelow進(jìn)入市市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)的障障礙礙很少少M(fèi)inimalstart-upcosts開(kāi)業(yè)的的成成本很很低低Noregulatoryrestrictions沒(méi)有法法規(guī)規(guī)上的的限限制Littleneedforproprietarytechnologyorexpertise不太需需要要專有有的的科技技或或?qū)I(yè)業(yè)知知識(shí)Qualifiedpersonnelreadilyavailable已有符符合合條件件的的人員員30ISITMECE?--3這是否否「「不多多不不少」」？？--3Thecompanyshouldadoptaninvest/growstrategyinthisbusiness對(duì)此項(xiàng)項(xiàng)業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)，，公公司應(yīng)應(yīng)采采投資資/增長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)略Themarketisfavorable該市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)看看好Thebusinessisstrong業(yè)務(wù)茁茁壯壯Financialandmarketperformancehasbeenexcellent財(cái)務(wù)方方面面和市市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)的績(jī)績(jī)效效一直直都都非常常好好Thesalesandfinancialoutlookappearsgood銷售和和財(cái)財(cái)政方方面面的前前景景看來(lái)來(lái)很很好Innovativemarketingstrategieshaveprovedsuccessful有創(chuàng)意意的的市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)營(yíng)營(yíng)銷戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)略略證明明是是成功功的的31BUILDINGOURPYRAMID建立我我們們的金金字字塔Whatisourmainmessage(governingthought)?IsitTOPS?我們主主要要傳達(dá)達(dá)的的信息息(中心心思思想)是是什麼麼？？是否否合合乎TOPS的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)？？Shouldweuseanargumentoragrouping?應(yīng)采用用論論證式式還還是組組合合式？？Doesourfinalstructurepasstherelevantlogictest?最后的的架架構(gòu)是是否否通過(guò)過(guò)有有關(guān)的的邏邏輯測(cè)測(cè)試試呢？？Forgroupings,arethepointslogicallythesame(e.g.,allsteps,allproblems,allbenefits)andinthelogicalorder?如采用用邏邏輯組組合合方式式，，各要要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)在邏邏輯輯上是是否否相同同(如：：都都是步步驟驟、問(wèn)問(wèn)題題或利利益益？)并并按照照邏邏輯順順序序排列列？？Forarguments,doesthesecondpointcommentonthefirstpointinawaythatleadstothethirdpointandonlythethirdpoint?如采用用邏邏輯論論證證方式式，，第二二點(diǎn)點(diǎn)是否否是是針對(duì)對(duì)第第一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的的評(píng)論論意意見(jiàn)，，并并一定定會(huì)會(huì)引申申到到第三三點(diǎn)點(diǎn)而不不致致引申申到到其他他地地方？？DobothargumentsandgroupingssupporttheirsummaryinaMECEway?用論證證式式或組組合合式的的論論點(diǎn)是是否否可不不多多不少少地地支持持結(jié)結(jié)論呢呢？？Mutuallyexclusive(ME):Iseachpointusedonlyonceandinthebestplace?相互之之間間具有有排排他性性：：每一一個(gè)個(gè)論點(diǎn)點(diǎn)是是否只只用用一次次并并用在在最最適當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)牡奈恢弥?？？Collectivelyexhaustive(CE):Dowehaveallthepointsweneedtosupportordefendthesummaryidea?整體而而言言毫無(wú)無(wú)遺遺漏：：我我們是是否否提出出了了支持持或或辯護(hù)護(hù)結(jié)結(jié)論中中心心思想想所所需的的全全部論論點(diǎn)點(diǎn)呢？？32GROUPINGANDSUMMARIZING組合和和總總結(jié)1.Fixholeinroof修理車車頂頂?shù)钠破贫炊?.Getnewfloormats買新的的車車內(nèi)地地毯毯3.Writenewspaperad寫報(bào)紙紙廣廣告稿稿4.Getnewoverheadlight買新的的頂頂燈5.Fixthedents修理車車身身凹陷陷處處6.Getrustspotspaintedover把銹斑斑噴噴漆7.Makesignforrearwindow寫後窗窗售售車廣廣告告8.Writeannouncementforbulletinboard寫公告告板板的售售車車海報(bào)報(bào)9.Vacuuminterior將車內(nèi)內(nèi)吸吸塵WhatdoIneedtodotosellmyoldcar?賣舊車前前的準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)備練習(xí)題一33練習(xí)題二UNSCRAMBLETHEFOLLOWING整理以下下各句句1.Kewpiehasintroducedabetter-tastingsauceatacheaperprice

Kewpie新推出價(jià)價(jià)格較較低、口口味較較好的醬醬汁2.Raguchangeditssaucerecipeandcustomersdon抰likeit

Ragu改變其醬醬汁配配方但客客戶不不喜歡3.TheUS"pastaboom"isover美國(guó)的「「面食食風(fēng)潮」」已過(guò)過(guò)4.Competitors?productsaregainingfavor競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手手們的的產(chǎn)品較較受客客戶喜愛(ài)愛(ài)5.Trendsettersnowpreferwildricetospaghetti新的流行行趨勢(shì)勢(shì)是吃米米食而而非面食食6.Heinzhassuccessfullylaunchedaninnovativenew"ItalianPrima"sauce

Heinz成功地推推出一一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新新的「「意大利利第一一面醬汁汁」7.RaguaddedmorespicestothesauceRagu在醬汁中中加重重香料份份量8.Spaghettiisonceagainperceivedasalow-budget,starchy,andunexcitingfood意大利肉肉醬面面再度被被視為為廉價(jià)、、呆板板而無(wú)趣趣的食食物9.Hunt抯hasincreaseditsmarketsharewithitspremium-quality"Donello"lineHunt抯以高品品質(zhì)的的Donello系列產(chǎn)品品而占占有更大大的市市場(chǎng)份額額10.RagureducedtheamountofmeatinthesauceRagu在醬汁中中減少少肉的份份量11.USsalesofRaguspaghettiaredecliningasaresultofadverseproductdevelopmentandenvironmentaltrends

Ragu意大利面面在美美國(guó)的銷銷售下下跌，主主要因因?yàn)槠浞捶闯绷髁鞫械牡漠a(chǎn)品品開(kāi)發(fā)作作法及及市場(chǎng)環(huán)環(huán)境趨趨勢(shì)的影影響34SOLUTION解答35GROUPINGANDSUMMARIZING--SOLUTION組合和總總結(jié)——解決決方案1.Fixholeinroof修理車頂頂?shù)钠破贫?.Getnewfloormats買新的車車內(nèi)地地毯3.Writenewspaperad寫報(bào)紙廣廣告稿稿4.Getnewoverheadlight買新的頂頂燈5.Fixthedents修理車身身凹陷陷處6.Getrustspotspaintedover把銹斑噴噴漆7.Makesignforrearwindow寫後窗售售車廣廣告8.Writeannouncementforbulletinboard寫公告板板的售售車海報(bào)報(bào)9.Vacuuminterior將車內(nèi)吸吸塵Getbodyworkdone(atbodyshop)(在車體修修理工工場(chǎng))修理車體體Spruceupinterior(atgasstation)(在汽油站站)把車內(nèi)部部打理理乾凈Prepareadvertisements(athome)(在家里)準(zhǔn)備廣告告36GROUPINGANDSUMMARIZING-PYRAMID組合和總總結(jié)——金字字塔式Preparetosellthecar準(zhǔn)備出售售汽車車Fixholeinroof修理車頂頂?shù)钠破贫碏ixdents修理車身身凹陷陷處Repaintrustspots重新噴漆漆遮蓋蓋銹斑Getfloor-mats買新的車車內(nèi)地地毯Getlight買新的燈燈Vacuum吸塵Writenews-

paperad寫報(bào)紙廣廣告稿稿Makesign寫售車廣廣告Writeannounce-ment寫公告Getbodyworkdone車體修理理Spruceupinterior車內(nèi)部打打理乾乾凈Prepareadvertisements準(zhǔn)備廣告告37RAGUSOLUTIONRAGU的解決方方案USsalesofRaguspaghettisaucearedecliningasaresultofadverseproductdevelopmentandenvironmentaltrendsRagu意大利面面在美美國(guó)的銷銷售下下跌，主主要因因?yàn)槠浞捶闯绷髁鞫械牡漠a(chǎn)品品開(kāi)發(fā)作作法及及市場(chǎng)環(huán)環(huán)境趨趨勢(shì)的影影響(11)Raguchangeditssaucerecipeandcustomersdon抰likeitRagu改變其醬醬汁配配方但客客戶不不喜歡(2)Competitors?productsaregainingfavor競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手手們的的產(chǎn)品較較受客客戶喜愛(ài)愛(ài)(4)US"pastaboom"isover美國(guó)的「「面食食風(fēng)潮」」已過(guò)過(guò)(3)RaguaddedmorespicestothesauceRagu在醬汁中中加重重香料份份量(3)RagureducedtheamountofmeatinthesauceRagu在醬汁中中減少少肉的份份量(10)Heinzhassuccessfullylaunchedaninnovativenew"ItalianPrima"sauceHeinz成功地推推出一一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新新的「「意大利利第一一面醬汁汁」(6)Trendsettersnowpreferwildricetospaghetti新的流行行趨勢(shì)勢(shì)是吃米米食而而非面食食(5)Spaghettiisonceagainperceivedasalow-budget,starchy,andunexcitingfood意大利肉肉醬面面再度被被視為為廉價(jià)、、呆板板而無(wú)趣趣的食食物(8)Hunt抯hasincreaseditsmarketsharewithpremium-quality"Donello"sauce

Hunt抯以高品品質(zhì)的的Donello系列產(chǎn)品品而占占有更大大的市市場(chǎng)份額額(9)Kewpiehasintroducedabetter-tastingsauceatacheaperpriceKewpie新推出價(jià)價(jià)格較較低、口口味較較好的醬醬汁(1)389、靜夜夜四無(wú)無(wú)鄰，，荒居居舊業(yè)業(yè)貧。。。12月月-2212月月-22Tuesday,December13,202210、雨中黃葉樹樹，燈下白頭頭人。。23:28:3823:28:3823:2812/13/202211:28:38PM11、以我獨(dú)沈久久，愧君相見(jiàn)見(jiàn)頻。。12月-2223:28:3823:28Dec-2213-Dec-2212、故人江江海別，，幾度隔隔山川。。。23:28:3823:28:3823:28Tuesday,December13,202213、乍見(jiàn)翻翻疑夢(mèng)，，相悲各各問(wèn)年。。。12月-2212月-2223:28:3823:28:38December13,202214、他鄉(xiāng)生生白發(fā)，，舊國(guó)見(jiàn)見(jiàn)青山。。。13十十二月202211:28:38下下午23:28:3812月-2215、比不不了得得就不不比，，得不不到的的就不不要。。。。。十二月月2211:28