英語語法點-初三用PagePage1PagePage12英語語法點強化練習（六）—情態(tài)動詞講義及練習情態(tài)動詞的意義：情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度。情態(tài)動詞的特點1）有一定詞義；2）不受主語人稱和數(shù)的變化影響；3）與主要動詞的原形（或稱不帶to的不定式）一起構(gòu)成謂語（除oughtto作固定詞組看待）。（一）情態(tài)動詞的基本用法Can&(could)Can1）表示能力，Eg:Twoeyescanseemorethanone.2）表示可能（理論上或是邏輯判斷上）。Eg:Thetemperaturecanfallto–60℃,thatis60℃belowfreezing.Hecan’t(couldn’t)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.Youmustn'tsmokewhileyou'rewalkingaroundinthewood.Youcouldstartafire.3）表示允許。CanIhavealookatyournewpen?Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading-room.4）譯為：會，能。表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。Eg:Wherecan(could)theyhavegoneto?Hecan’t(couldn’t)beoversixty.Howcanyoubesocareless?Could1)表過去的能力(通常指過去的一般能力，一次性的常用beableto)Couldyoureadbeforeyouwenttoschool?2）表委婉Eg:Couldyoulendmeahand?I’mafraidwecouldn’tgiveyouananswertoday.2.may(might)May1）表允許，（might可以指過去時間；也可指現(xiàn)在時間，表委婉。）Eg:Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.MayIaskforaphotoofyourbaby?HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.在回答以may引起的問句時，多避免用這個詞，而用其它方式，-MayI...?-Yes,please./Certainly./Pleasedon’t./You’dbetternot./No,youmustn’t.等，以免顯得太嚴峻或不客氣。2）表可能（事實上）。Hemaybeathome.Shemaynotknowaboutit.Might1）表過去Eg:Hewasafraidtheymightnotagreewithhim.（過去）2）表委婉或很不肯定Eg:MightIaskforaphotoofyourbaby?/Theymightbehavingameeting,butI’mnotsure.(很不肯定)3.Must1）表示義務(wù)。意為“必須”（主觀意志）。Eg:Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.Youmustn’ttalktoherlikethat.--Mustwehandinourexercise—booksnow?--No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.2）表示揣測。意為“想必、準是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。Eg:Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.She’swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.Note:Must必須-mustn’t不允許、禁止;must肯定-can’t肯定不4.Shall1）表征詢意見，用于第一、三人稱疑問句。ShallIgetyousometea?Shalltheboywaitoutside?Whatshallwedonow?2）表說話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二、三人稱陳述句。Eg:YoushalldoasIsay.（命令）Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow.（允諾）Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.（警告）Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.（決心）5.Will&wouldWill1）表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述句。Eg:Iwilldoanythingforyou.Noneissoblindasthosewhowon’tsee.Ifyouwillreadthebook,I’lllendittoyou.2）表請求，用于疑問句。Willyouclosethewindow?It’sabitcold.Won’tyoudrinksomemorecoffee?3）表示某種傾向或習慣性動作。Fishwilldieoutofwater.Thedoorwon’topen.這門打不開。Theboywillsittherehourafterhourlookingatthetrafficgoby.那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個鐘點，看著車輛行人通過。Would1）表過去意愿。Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.IsaidIwoulddoanythingforyou.2）表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。Eg:Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer?Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?Theywouldn’thaveanythingagainstit.3）表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或過去的一種傾向。Eg:Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp.6.Should(oughtto大致與should同，語氣稍弱，常用should代替)1）表責任，義務(wù)，建議勸說。意為“應(yīng)該”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱。Eg:Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Everyoneshoulddowhatheconsidersbest.Youshouldn’twasteanytime.2）表推測，意為“想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計”等。Eg:Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst-classactors.Theyshouldbehomebynow.3)表驚訝、惋惜、憂慮、歡欣等感情色彩Eg:Thatheshoulddaretoattackme!Whyshouldlifehavesomuchtrouble?Theywereamazedthatsheshouldhavedonedomuchinsoshortatime.7.usedto表示過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在不復(fù)發(fā)生或存在。疑問式和否定式有兩種。Eg:Heusedtoliveinthecountryside.Thereusedtobeabuildingatthestreetcorner,butithasbeenpulleddown.Iusedn’t(didn’tuse)tosmoke.Usedyou(Didyouuse)togotoschoolonfoot?8.need和dare的用法用作情態(tài)v.時，主要用于否定和疑問句。用作實義v.時，可用于各種句式。1)用作情態(tài)動詞Need:needn’tdo;Needsbdo...?Eg:—NeedIcome?—Yes,youmust.;Youneedn’ttelephonehimnow.;Idon’tthinkyouneedworry.我想你不必發(fā)愁。Dare:darenotdo=daren’tdo(dared);Howdaresb.dosth.?;Eg:Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.;HowdareyousayI’munfair?;Notoneofthemdaredmentionthis.2)用作實義動詞Need:needsth;needtodo(needs,needed);don’tneedtodo;needdoingEg:Youdon’tneedtodoityourself.;Weneedtotellthemthenews.;Thetableneedspainting(tobepainted.).Dare:daretodo;don’tdare(to)do;Eg:Weshoulddaretogiveourownopinion./Hedidnotdare(to)lookup./Idaredayhe’llcomeagain.(Idaresay固定搭配)附：表推測性用法的情態(tài)動詞小結(jié)：表“可能”mightmaycouldcan;表“推測”wouldwill;表“必然”shouldoughttomust可能性程度高低：uncertaincertainmightmaycouldcanshouldoughttowouldwillmust（否定為can’t）可能很有可能最有可能Eg:-There’ssomeoneatthedoor.-ThatmightmustbeGeorge.（二）情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式和進行式的用法1.情態(tài)動詞+havedone，表“應(yīng)當已經(jīng)……”，“想必已經(jīng)……”，“本來可以……”等意。Ishouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.我應(yīng)當早一點完成這項工作的。Heisn’there.Hemusthavemissedthetrain.他還未到，一定是沒趕上火車。Wherecan(could)hehavegone?他能到那里去了呢？Youmay(might)havereadaboutit.你可能已經(jīng)...。Youcould(might)havebeenmorecareful.你本來可以...。Heneedn’thaveworriedaboutit.他本不必為此事?lián)?。Therewasalotoffunatyesterday'sparty.Yououghttohavecome,butwhydidn'tyou?你本應(yīng)該來，為何不來呢？2.情態(tài)動詞+bedoing，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“應(yīng)當正在”等意。It’stwelveo’clock.Theymustbehavinglunch.他們一定正在...。Theymaybediscussingthisproblem.他們可能正在...。Hecan’tbetellingthetruth.他說的不可能是真話。Sheshouldn’tbeworkinglikethat.She’sstillsoweak.她不應(yīng)該...。（三）幾組詞的辨異1.can和beableto1）情態(tài)動詞can只有兩種時態(tài)形式，現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could，而beableto有多種時態(tài)形式。Marycanplaythepiano.Shehasbeenabletoplayitsinceshewas5.瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。2）用在過去時中，could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事，事實上不一定去做，而was∕wereableto則表示“過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。HecouldswimacrosstheEnglishChannel.Buthedidn'tfeellikeitthatday.他能游過英吉利海峽，但那天他不想游。YesterdayIwasabletogethomebeforetheheavyrain.昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。2.must和havetomust表示主觀意志，而haveto表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒有過去式，除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時間，在直接引語中表示過去時間應(yīng)該用hadto代替。Itoldherthatshemustgiveupsmoking.我叫她必須戒煙。Wehadtogeteverythingreadythatnight.3.would和usedto1）usedto表示過去與現(xiàn)在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同，而would只表過去的情況。Peopleusedtothinkthattheearthwasflat.過去人們認為地球是平的。（現(xiàn)在人們不這么認為。）Shewouldgooutforawalkinthemorningwhenshewasinthecountry.在鄉(xiāng)下時，她總是在早晨去散會兒步。（可能現(xiàn)在仍有散步的習慣。）2）usedto可表示過去的習慣動作和經(jīng)常的情況，而would只表示過去的習慣動作。Heusedto∕wouldsmokewhilewriting.Sheusedtobefat.她過去很胖。練習()1.I___you,becauseIthoughtImustbewrong.A.darenotaskB.darenottoaskC.darenotaskingD.daretonotask()2.There____someflowersinthegarden.A.wereusedtobeB.usedtobeC.usestobeD.usedtobehaving()3."____Itakeitout?""I'msorry,you____."A.Could...couldn'tB.Might...mightnotC.Could...canD.May...can't()4.Youwerestupidtoclimbthetree.You____hurtyourself.A.mayB.mightC.willD.mighthave()5.You_____thoseletters.Whydidn'tyou?A.shouldpostB.shouldhavepostedC.musthavepostedD.oughttopost.()6.Allthelightsareon,theSmiths____up.A.mustgetB.isgettingC.mustbegettingD.wouldget()7.He___leadahorsetothewaterbuthe__notmakeitdrink.A.will...canB.may...canC.may...daresD.dare...can()8."Needwedothisjobnow?""Yes,____."A.youneedB.youshouldC.youmustD.youcan()9.____tohavelunchwithustoday?A.DoyoulikesB.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikedD.Haveyouliked()10.Hesaidthatyou_____watchTValltheeveningifyouwished.A.mayB.mustC.canD.might()12.Peter_______comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mustB.canC.mayD.will()13.Michael_______beapoliceman,forhe'smuchtooshort.A.needn'tB.can'tC.shouldn'tD.won't(