英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論試卷英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論試卷英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論試卷資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論試卷版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：2013-2014學(xué)年第2學(xué)期期末考試（B）卷課程名稱《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論》任課教師簽名程建山出題教師簽名程建山審題教師簽名王婉華考試方式（閉）卷適用專業(yè)2011級(jí)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)考試時(shí)間（120）分鐘題號(hào)IIIIIIIVV總分得分評(píng)卷人I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(2%×10=20%)1.AccordingtoSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,thesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetoabideby.A.language B.langueC.parole D.competence2.VowelscanbeclassifiedintermsofeachofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT_______.A.positionofthetongue B.opennessofthemouthC.mannerofarticulation D.shapeofthelips3.Intermsofmannerofarticulation,theEnglishconsonants［s］and［z］areclassifiedas______.A.liquids B.affricatesC.stops D.fricatives4.Thereare_______morphemesintheword“frightening.”A.2 B.3C.4 D.55.Semantically,thesentence“Iregretsteppingonyourbook”______thesentence“Isteppedonyourbook.”A.presupposes B.entailsC.contradicts D.issynonymouswith6.AccordingtoJohnAustin’sspeechacttheory,a(n)______actistheactperformedbysayingsomething.A.prelocutionary B.locutionaryC.illocutionary D.perlocutionary7.AllthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______aretheexampleswhichcanbeusedtoillustratesemanticnarrowing.A.aunt B.wifeC.hound D.fowl8.Inmanycultures,wordsrelatingtosex,sexorgans,andnaturalbodilyfunctionsmakeupalargerpartof______vocabulary.A.gender B.euphemismC.slang D.taboo9.SpeakerA:I’moutofpetrol.SpeakerB:There’sagarageroundthecorner.SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof_______.A.quantity B.qualityC.relation D.manner10.Atypicalexampleofa_______communityisanethnicghettowheremost,ifnotall,ofitsinhabitantsareeitherimmigrantsorchildrenofimmigrants.A.diglossic B.bilingualC.pidginized D.creolizedII.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Culturaltreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker,andtheyarenotsimplybiologicallypassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.12.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledsfeatures,whicharethephonologicalpropertiesofsuchunitsasthesyllable,theword,andthesentence.13.Daffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword.ThisisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.14.Acsentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.15.Ifwesay“Thebabyiscrying,”wemustbetalkingaboutacertainbabycryinginacertainsituation;theword“baby”meansababyknowntoboththespeakerandthehearer,whichistheroftheword“baby”inthisparticularsituation.16.Therelationshipbetweenthewordsinsuchpairsas“buy”and“by,”“stationary”and“stationery”canbelabeledash_____.17.Inanaprocess,successivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanotherintermsofplaceormannerofarticulation,orofhaplology.18.Insociolinguisticstudies,apidginizeddialectmayexpandandeventuallybecomethenativelanguageofacertainpopulation,whichisknownasc.19.Alinguistict______referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.20.Speechv_________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)21.Speechandwritingarethetwomajormediaofcommunication.Inlinguisticevolution,however,speechispriortowriting,therefore,thespokenlanguageratherthanthewrittenshouldbegivenpriorityinmodernlinguistics.22.Therearetwowaysnowavailabletotranscribespeechsounds:broadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription,ofwhichthereallyrequiredandusedbypopulartextbookanddictionarywritersisthelatter.23.Prefixesareaddedtothebeginningofstems;theymodifythemeaningofthestem,butdonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.24.Compoundshavedifferentstresspatternsfromnon-compoundedwordsequences.Ingeneral,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthesecondword,whilethefirstwordreceivessecondarystress.25.Sentenceisusuallyconceivedasthelargestunitofgrammar.Normally,asentencecontainsatleastasubjectandafiniteverboraverbphraseasitspredicate.26.Thepairofwords,“husband”and“wife,”arecomplementaryantonyms.27.Onelinguisticsymbolcanhavedifferentreferenceswhilebearingthesamesense.Therearealsooccasions,thoughlessfrequent,whenlinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.28.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.29.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.30.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.Ⅳ.Directions:Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×10=30%)31.arbitrariness 32.parole33.consonants 34.boundmorpheme35.back-formation 36.syntax37.sense 38.pragmatics39.hyponymy 40.sociolectV.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Drawatreediagramofconstituentstructureforeachofthefollowingtwosentences.(1)Aboyfoundthebook.(2)Theguidesuggestedthetouriststakearest.42.StatebrieflyCooperativePrincipleanditsfourmaximsandthenuseittoexplainthefollowingconversation:(1)A:HowdoyoulikemypaintingB:Idon’thaveaneyeforbeauty,I’mafraid.(2)Heismadeofiron.參考答案Ⅰ.Directions：Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.Decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatement.(2%×10=20%)1-5BCDBA6-10BADCBII.Directions：Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.plex15.reference16.homonymy17.assimilation18.Creole19.taboo20.varietyⅢ.Directions：Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.Writea“T”fortrueor“F”forfalseontheAnswerSheet.(2%×10=20%)21-25TFTFT26-30FTTTFⅣ.Directions：Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×10=30%):thereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenthewordandthethingitdenotes,.“pen”byanyothernameisthethingweusetowritewith.32.parole:Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse;paroleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;parolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.33.consonants:consonantsaresoundsproducedbyconstrictingorobstructingthevocaltractatsomeplacetodivert,impedeorcompletelyshutofftheflowofairintheoralcavity.34.boundmorpheme:itreferstothosemorphemeswhichcannotoccuralone.Theymustappearwithatleastanothermorpheme.35.back-formation:Itreferstoanabnormaltypeofword-formationwhereashorterwordisderivedbydeletinganimaginedaffixfromalongerformalreadyinthelanguage.36.syntax:Itrefertothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimplythestudyoftheformationofsentences.37.sense:senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningoflinguisticform;itisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstractandde-contexualized.38.pragmatics:Thestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.39.hyponymy:Hyponymyisamatterofclassmembership.Theupperterminthissenserelation,.theclassname,iscalledsuperordinate,andthelowerterm,themembers,hyponyms.40.sociolect:itisakindofsocialvariationoflanguagewhichcanreflectaperson’ssocioeconomic,educational,occupationalandethnicbackground,aswellastheirsexandage.Ⅴ.Directions：Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Omitted.42.Speechacttheorytellsusthataspeakercanmeanalotmorethanwhatissaid.Theproblemistoexplainhowthespeakercanmanagertoconveymorethanwhatissaidandhowthehearercanunderstandthespeaker’smeaning..Gricebelievesthattheremustbesomemechanismsgoverningthe