新劍橋商務(wù)英語(高級(jí))單詞總結(jié)新劍橋商務(wù)英語(高級(jí))單詞總結(jié)新劍橋商務(wù)英語(高級(jí))單詞總結(jié)資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月新劍橋商務(wù)英語(高級(jí))單詞總結(jié)版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：1.autonomous:independent,abletotakedecisionswithoutconsultingahigherauthority2.decentralization:dividinganorganizationintodecision-makingunitsthatarenotcentrallycontrolled.3.function:aspecificactivityinacompany,duction,marketing,finance4.hierarchy:systemofauthoritywithdifferentlevels,oneabovetheother.5.lineauthority:thepowertogiveinstructionstopeopleatthelevelbelowinthechainofcommand6.reportto:toberesponsibletosomeoneandtotakeinstructionsfromhimorher7.subordinates:peopleworkingundersomeoneelseinahierarch8.industrialbelt:anareawithlotsofindustrialcompanies,aroundtheedgeofacity9.wealth:ductivity:theamountofoutputproduced(inacertainperiod,usingacertainnumberofinputs11.corporateethos:acompany’swaysofworkingandthinking12.collaboration:workingtogetherandsharingideas13.insulatedorisolated:alone,placedinapositionawayfromothers14.fragmentation:breakingsomethingupintopieces15.motivate:Toinspire,toinduce,togiveareasonorincentivetosomeonetodosomething.16.employee:Apersonemployedbysomeoneelse,workingformoney.17.laborrelations:Relationsbetweenemployersandemployees,managersandworkers,managementandunions.18.responsibility:Havingcontrolofsomethingaspartofyourjob19.wages:Moneypaid(perhourordayorweek)tomanualworkers20.salary:Afixedregularpaymentmadebyemployers,usually,forprofessionalorofficework.21.benefitsorperks:Advantagesthatcomewithajob,motion:Tecurity:Knowingthatthereislittleriskoflosingone’sjob.24.skilled:Havingparticularabilities,acquiredbytraining.25.subcontractor:Aponent:Anyofthepiecesorpartsthatmakeupaproduct,machine,etc.27.outsourcingorcontractingout:Buyingproductsorprocessedmaterialsfromothercompaniesratherthanmanufacturingthem28.capacity:The(maximum)rateofoutputthatcanbeachievedfromaproductionprocess29.plant:Thebuildings,machines,equipmentandotherfacilitiesusedintheproductionprocess30.location:Thegeographicalsituationofafactoryorotherfacility:31.inventory:Thestockofanyitemorresourceusedinanorganization(includingrawmaterials,parts,supplies,workinprocessandfinishedproducts)32.leadtime:Thetimeneededtoperformanactivity(i.e.tomanufactureordeliversomething)33.distributionchannel:allthecompaniesorindividualsinvolvedinmovingaparticularkindofgoodsorservicefromtheproducertotheconsumer.34.tolaunchaproduct:tointroduceanewproductontothemarket.35.marketopportunities:possibilitiesoffillingunsatisfiedneedsinsectorsinwhichacompanycanprofitablyproducegoodsorservices36.marketresearch:collecting,analyzingandreportingdatarelevanttoaspecificmarketingsituation(suchasaproposednewproduct)37.marketsegmentation:dividingamarketintodistinctgroupsofbuyerswhohavedifferentrequirementsorbuyinghabits38.packaging:wrappersandcontainersinwhichproductsaresold39.pointsofsale:placeswheregoodsaresoldtothepublic–shops,stores,kiosks,marketstalls,ductconcept:anideaforanewproduct,whichistestedwithtargetconsumersbeforetheactualproductisductfeatures:attributesorcharacteristicsofaproduct:quality,price,reliability,etc.42.salesrepresentative:someonewhocontactsexistingandpotentialcustomers,andtriestopersuadethemtobuygoodsorservices43.Word-of-mouthadvertising:freeadvertising,whensatisfiedcustomersrecommendproductstotheirfriends.44.Institutionalorprestigeadvertising:advertisingthatmentionsacompany’snamebutnotspecificproducts.45.Advertisingagencies:companiesthathandleadvertisingforclients.46.Anaccount:acontractwithacompanytoproduceitsadvertising.47.Anadvertisingbudget:theamountofmoneyacompanyplanstospendindevelopingitsadvertisingandbuyingmediatimeorspace.48.Abrief:thestatementofobjectivesofanadvertisingcampaignthataclientworksoutwithanadvertisingagency.49.Advertisingcampaign:theadvertisingofaparticularproductorserviceduringaparticularperiodoftime.50.Targetcustomersortargetmarket:adefinedsetofcustomerswhoseneedsacompanyplanstosatisfy.51.Mediaplanners:thepeoplewhochoosewheretoadvertise,inordertoreachtherightcustomers.52.Thethresholdeffect:thefactthatacertainamountofadvertisingisnecessarytoattractaprospectivecustomer’sattention.53.Thecomparative-paritymethod:choosingtospendthesameamountonadvertisingasone’scompetitors.54.Counter-cyclicaladvertising:advertisingduringperiodsorseasonswhensalesarenormallyrelativelypoor.55.Bookkeeping:writingdownthedetailsoftransactions(debitsandcredits)56.Accounting:keepingfinancialrecords,recordingincomeandexpenditure,valuingassetsandliabilities,andsoon57.Managerialaccounting:preparingbudgetsandotherfinancialreportsnecessaryformanagement58.Costaccounting:workingouttheunitcostsofproducts,includingmaterials,laborandallotherexpenses59.Taxaccounting:calculatinganindividual’soracompany’sliabilityfortax60.Auditing:inspectionandevaluationofaccountsbyasecondsetofaccountants61.‘Creativeaccounting’:usingallavailableaccountingproceduresandtrickstodisguisethetruefinancialpositionofacompany62.shareholdersorstockholders:Acompany’sowners63.earningsorincome:Therevenuesreceivedbyacompanyduringagivenperiod,minusthecostofsales,operatingexpenses,andtaxes64.liabilities:Allthemoneythatacompanywillhavetopaytosomeoneelseinthefuture,includingtaxes,debts,andinterestandmortgagepayments65.turnover:Theamountofbusinessdonebyacompanyoverayear66.assets:Anythingownedbyabusiness(cashinvestments,buildings,machines,andsoon)thatcanbeusedtoproducegoodsorpayliabilities67.depreciationoramortization:Thereductioninvalueofafixedassetduringtheyearsitisinuse(chargedagainstprofits)68.debtorsoraccountsreceivable:Sumsofmoneyowedbycustomersforgoodsorservicespurchasedoncredit69.creditorsoraccountspayable:Sumsofmoneyowedtosuppliersforpurchasesmadeoncredit70.stockorinventory:(Thevalueof)rawmaterials,workinprogress,andfinishedproductsstoredreadyforsale71.overheadsoroverhead:Thevariousexpensesofoperatingabusinessthatcannotbechargedtoanyoneproduct,processordepartment72.Overdraft:anarrangementbywhichacustomercanwithdrawmorefromabankaccountthanhasbeendepositedinit,uptoanagreedlimit;interestonthedebtiscalculateddaily.73.Creditcard:acardwhichguaranteespaymentforgoodsandservicespurchasedbythecardholder,whopaysbackthebankorfinancecompanyatalaterdate.74.CashdispenserorATM:acomputerizedmachinethatallowsbankcustomerstowithdrawmoney,checktheirbalance,andsoon75.Loan:afixedsumofmoneyonwhichinterestispaid,lentforafixedperiod,andusuallyforaspecificpurpose76.Standingorderordirectdebit:aninstructiontoabanktopayfixedsumsofmoneytocertainpeopleororganizationsatstatedtimes.77.Mortgage:aloan,usuallytobuyproperty,whichservesasasecurityfortheloan78.Cashcard:aplasticcardissuedtobankcustomersforuseincashdispensers79.Homebanking:doingbankingtransactionsbytelephoneorfromone’sownpersonalcomputer80.Currentorcheckingaccount:onethatgenerallypayslittleornointerest,butallowstheholdertowithdrawhisorhercashwithoutanyrestrictions81.Depositortimeornoticeaccount:onethatpaysinterest,butusuallycannotbeusedforpayingcheques(GB)orchecks(US),andonwhichnoticeisoftenrequiredtowithdrawmoney82.Deposit:toplacemoneyinabank;ormoneyplacedinabank83.Foreigncurrencies:themoneyusedincountriesotherthanone’sown84.Yield:howmuchmoneyaloanpays,expressedasapercentage85.Liquidity:availablecash,andhoweasilyotherassetscanbeturnedintocash86.Maturity:thedatewhenaloanbecomesrepayable87.Underwrite:toguaranteetobuyallthenewsharesthatacompanyissues,iftheycannotbesoldtothepublic88.Takeover:whenacompanybuysoracquiresanother89.Merger:whenacompanycombineswithanotherone90.Stockbroking:buyingandsellingstocksorsharesforclients91.Portfoliomanagement:takingcareofallaclient’sinvestments92.Deregulation:theendingorrelaxingoflegalrestrictions93.Conglomerate:agroupofcompanies,operatingindifferentfields,thathavejoinedtogether94.Bluechip:acompanyconsideredtobewithoutrisk95.Solvency:abilitytopayliabilitieswhentheybecomedue96.Collateral:anythingthatactsasasecurityoraguaranteeforaloan97.liability:havingaresponsibilityoranobligationtodosomething,e.g.topayadebt98.creditor:apersonororganizationtowhommoneyisowed(forgoodsorservicesrendered,orasrepaymentofaloan)99.bankrupt:tobeinsolvent:unabletopaydebts.100.assets:everythingofvalueownedbyabusinessthatanbeusedtoproducegoods,payliabilities,andsoon101.toliquidate:tosellallthepossessionsofabankruptbusiness.102.liabilities:moneythatacompanywillhavetopaytosomeoneelse(bills,taxes,debts,interestadmortgagepayments,etc.)103.toputupcapital:toprovidemoneyforacompanyorotherproject104.venturecapital:moneyinvestedinapossiblyriskynewbusiness105.founders:thepeoplewhobeginanewcompany106.premises:theplaceinwhichacompanydoesbusiness:anoffice,shop,workshop,factory,warehouse,andsoon107.underwrite:toguaranteetobuyanentirenewshareissue,ifnooneelsewantsit108.dividend:aproportionoftheannualprofitsofalimitedcompany,paidtosharehodelrs109.mutualfund:acompanythatspreadsinvestors’capitaloveravarietyofsecurities110.portfolio:aninvestor’sselectionofsecurities111.stockbroker:apersonwhocanadviseinvestorsandbuyandsellsharesforthem112.bluechip:astockinalargecompanyorcorporationthatisconsideredtobeasecureinvestment.113.defensivestock:astock–inanindustrynotmuchaffectedbycyclicaltrends–thatoffersagoodreturnbutonlyalimitedchanceofariseordeclineinprice114.growthstock:astock–whichusuallyhasahighpurchasingpriceandalowcurrentrateofreturn–thatisexpectedtoappreciateincapitalvalue115.market-maker:awholesalerinstocksandshareswhodealswithbrokers.116.institutionalinvestors:financialorganizationssuchaspensionfundsandinsurancecompanieswhichownmostofthesharesofallleadingcompanies(over60%,andrising)117.insidersharedealing:theuseofinformationnotknowtothepublictomakeaprofitoutofbuyingorsellingshares.118.investors:providersoffunds119.issuingbonds:borrowingmoney120.principal:theamountofaloan121.maturity:dateatwhichthemoneywillbereturned122.pensionfunds:retirementmoney123.buy-and-holdinvestors:keeptheirbondstillmaturity124.non-payment:default125.priceappreciation:fallininterestrates126.pricedepreciation:riseininterestrates127.capitalgains:profitsonthesaleofassets128.futures:contracttobuyorsellfixedquantitiesofacommodity,currency,orfinancialassetatafuturedate,atapricefixedatthetimeofmakingthecontract129.options:contractsgivingtheright,butnottheobligation,tobuyorsellasecurityacurrency,oracommodityatfixedpriceduringacertainperiodofmodities:rawmaterialsorprimaryproducts(metals,cereals,coffee,etc.)thataretradeonspecialmarkets131.derivatives:132.hedging:makingcontractstobuyorsellacommodityorfinancialassetatapre-arrangedpriceinthefutureasaprotectionor‘insurance’againstpricechanges.133.speculation:buyingsecuritiesorotherassetsinthehopeofmakingacapitalgainbysellingthematahigherprice(orsellingtheminthehopeofbuyingthembackatalowerprice)134.marketshare:acompany’ssalesexpressedasapercentageofthetotalmotion:short-termtacticsdesignedtostimulatestrongersalesofaproduct136.monopoly:thesituationinwhichthereisonlyonesellerofapetitors:companiesofferingsimilargoodsorservicestothesamesetofcustomers138.slogan:ashortandeasilymemorizedphraseusedinadvertising139.marketsegmentation:thedivisionofamarketintosubmarketsaccordingtotheneedsorbuyinghabitsodifferentgroupsofpotentialcustomers140.niche:asmallandspecificmarketsegment141.differentialadvantage:afactorwhichmakesyousuperiortocompetitorsinacertainrespect142.turnover:abusiness’stotalsalesrevenuerecession:aperiodduringwhichaneconomyisworkingbelowitspotential143.toinnovate(innovation):designingnewproductsandbringingthemtothemarket144.todiversify(diversification):toexpandintonewfields145.tomerge(amerger):tounite,combine,amalgamate,intergrateorjointogether146.araid:buyinganothercompany’ssharesonthestockexchange,hopingtopersuade147.atakeoverbid:apublicoffertoacompany’sshareholderstobuytheirshares,ataparticularpriceduringaparticularperiod,soastoacquireacompany148.horizontalintegration:tomergewithortakeoverotherfirmsproducingthesametypeofgoodsorservices149.verticalintegration:joiningwithfirmsinotherstagesoftheproductionorsaleofaproduct150.backwardintegration:amergerwithortheacquisitionofone’ssuppliers151.forwardintegration:amergerwithortheacquisitionofone’smarketingoutlets152.synergy:combinedproductionthatisgreaterthanthesumoftheseparateparts153.jobinsecurity:thefearthatyoumightloseyourjob154.tenure:theperiodofholdingajob155.employability:theextenttowhichapersonhasskillsthatemployerswant156.downsizing:decreasingthenumberofpermanentemployees157.agencyemployment:temporaryjobsincompanies,arrangedbyemploymentagencies158.core:thecentralpartofsomething(e.g.acompany’sworkforce)159.rhetoric:languageusedtopersuadepeopletobelievesomething160.receivedwisdom:generallyheldbeliefs(thatareprobablyfalse)161.depreciation:reducingthevalueofafixedasset,bychargingitagainstprofits162.disincentive:somethingwhichdiscouragesanaction163.regressive:anadjectivedescribingataxthatisproportionallyhigherforpeoplewithlessmoney164.consumption:spendingmoneytobuythings,ratherthansavingit165.self-employed:workingforyourself,beingyourownboss166.nationalinsurance:ataxonincomesthatpaysforsicknessbenefit,unemploymentbenefit,andold-agepensions167.perks:non-financialbenefitsoradvantagesofajob168.taxshelters:awaytodelaythepaymentoftaxtoalatertime169.tax-deductible:anadjectivedescribingexpendituresthatcanbetakenawayfromtaxableincomeorprofits170.taxhavens:acountryofferingverylowtaxratestoforeignbusinesses171.to“peg”acurrencyagainstsomethingmeansto:fixitsvalueinrelationtoit172.marketforces:thedeterminationofpricebysupplyanddemand(thequantityavailableandthequantityboughtandsold)173..hedging:tryingtoinsureagainstunfavourablepricemovementsbywayoffuturescontracts174.supply:thewillingnessandabilitytooffergoodsorservicesforsale175.demand:thewillingnessandabilityofconsumerstopurchasegoodsandservices176.marketforces:supplyanddemand177.equilibrium:astateofbalance,forexamplewhensupplymeetsdemand178.fiscalpolicy:governmentmeasuresconcerningtaxation,publicexpenditure,andsoon179.monetarypolicy:governmentorcentralbankmeasuresconcerningtherateofgrowthofthemoneysupply(theamountofmoneyincirculation)180.visibletrade(GB)ormerchandisetrade(US):tradeingoods181.invisibleimportsandexports:tradeinservices(banking,insurance,tourism,andsoon)182.barterorcounter-trade:directexchangesofgoods,withouttheuseofmoney183.balanceoftrade:thedifferencebetweenwhatacountryreceivesandpaysforitsexportsandimportsofgoods184.balanceofpayments:thedifferencebetweenacountry’stotalearningsfromexportsanditstotalexpenditureonimports185.autarky:the(impossible)situationinwhichacountryiscompletelyself-sufficientandhasnoforeigntrade186.surplus:apositivebalanceoftrade