PAGE11-用心愛(ài)心專心2012屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺精選專題資料匯編閱讀理解（九）AAllangoeseverywherewithBirgittaAnderson,a54-year-oldsecretary.Hemovesaroundherofficeatworkandgoesshoppingwithher."Mostpeopledon'tseemtomindAllan,"saysBirgitta,whothinksheiswonderful."He'smyfourthchild,"shesays.Shemaythinkofhimandtreathimthatway,buyinghisfood,payinghishealthbillsandhistaxes,butinfactAllanisadog.BirgittaandAllanliveinSweden,acountrywhereeveryoneisexpectedtoleadanorderlylifeaccordingtoruleslaiddownbythegovernment,whichalsoprovides(提供)ahighlevelofcareforitspeople.Thislevelofcarecostsmoney.PeopleinSwedenpaytaxesoneverything,soaren'tsurprisedtofindthatowningadogmeansyetmoretaxes.Somepeoplearepayingasmuchas500Swedishkronorintaxesayearfortherighttokeeptheirdog,moneythatisspentbythegovernmentondoghospitalsandsometimesmedicaltreatmentforadogthatfallsill.However,mostsuchtreatmentisexpensive,soownersoftendecidetopayhealthandevenlifeinsurance(保險(xiǎn))fortheirdog.InSwedendogownersmustpayforanydamage(損壞)theirdogdoes.ASwedishKennelClubofficialexplainswhatthismeans:ifyourdogrunsoutontheroadandgetshitbyapassingcar,you,astheowner,havetopayforanydamagedonetothecar,evenifyourdoghasbeenkilledintheaccident.1.BirgittapaystaxesforAllanbecause_________.A.heisherdogB.heisherchildC.hefollowshereverywhereD.heoftenfallsill答案：A指導(dǎo)：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。從文中此句"PeopleinSwedenpaytaxesoneverything，aren'tsurprisedtofindthatowningadogmeansyetmoretaxes，”不難得出正確答案，另外從第一段末句也可得出此答案。2.Themoneypaidasdogtaxesisusedto_______.A.keepahighlevelofcareforthepeopleB.payfordamagedonebydogsC.providemedicalcarefordogsD.buyinsurancefordogowners答案：C指導(dǎo)：這也是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段給出了正確答案?！癝omepeoplearepayingasmuchas500Swedishkronorintaxesayearfortherighttokeeptheirdog，moneyisspentbythegovernmentondoghospitalandsometimesmedicaltreatmentforadogthatfallsill．”3.Ifadogcausesacaraccidentandgetskilled,whoshouldpayforthedamagedonetothecar?_______.A.Theownerofthecar.B.Theownerofthedog.C.Theinsurancecompany(公司).D.Thegovernment.答案：B指導(dǎo)：這仍然是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章最后一段那位俱樂(lè)部官員的解釋可以看出，狗主人必須賠償一切損失，即使他的狗為此送命也必須如此。4.FromthetextitcanbeinferredthatinSweden_______.A.dogsarewelcomeinpublicplacesB.keepingdogsmeansaskingfortroubleC.manycaraccidentsarecausedbydogsD.peoplecaremuchaboutdogs答案：D指導(dǎo)：這是一道推理判斷題。從文中給出的信息看，瑞典人，包括瑞典政府都為狗投入很大，但是瑞典人仍然把狗當(dāng)作自己的孩子般受護(hù)。BWewalkedinsoquietlythatthenurseatthedeskdidn'tevenlifthereyesfromthebook.MumpointedatabigchairbythedoorandIknewshewantedmetositdown.WhileIwatchedmouthopeninsurprise.Mumtookoffherhatandcoatandgavethemkometohold.Shewalkedquietlytothesmallroombytheliftandtookoutawetmop.Shepushedthemoppastthedeskandasthenurselookedup.Mumnoddedandsaid."Verydirtyfloors.""Yes,I'mgladthey'vefinallydecidedtocleanthem,"thenurseanswered.ShelookedatMumstrangelyandsaid,"Butaren'tyouworkinglate?"Mumjustpushedharder,eachsweep(拖一下)ofthemoptakingherfartherandfartherdownthehall.Iwatcheduntilshewasoutofsightandthenursehadturnedbacktowritinginthebigbook.AfteralongtimeMumcameback.Hereyeswereshining.Shequicklyputthemopbackandtookmyhand.Asweturnedtogooutofthedoor,Mumbowedpolitelytothenurseandsaid,"Thankyou."Outside,Mumtoldme"Dagmarisfine.Nofever.“"Yousawher,Mum?""Ofcourse.Itoldheraboutthehospitalrules,andshewillnotexpectusuntiltomorrow.Dadwillstopworryingaswell.It'safinehospital.Butsuchfloors!Amopisnogood.Youneedabrush."1.WhenshetookamopfromthesmallroomwhatMumreallywantedtodowas_______.A.tocleanthefloorB.topleasethenurseC.toseeapatientD.tosurprisethestory-teller答案：C指導(dǎo)：這是一道推理題。從表面上看，拿拖把當(dāng)然是拖地。但是讀到最后，我們就知道媽媽拖地的目的是探視病人。因此正確答案是C2.WhenthenursetalkedtoMumshethoughtMumwasa_______.A.nurseB.visitorC.patientD.cleaner答案：D指導(dǎo)：從值班護(hù)土與媽媽的對(duì)話中，我們看出護(hù)士沒(méi)有攔媽媽，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為媽媽是清潔工。所以正確答案是D.3.Afterreadingthestorywhatcanweinferaboutthehospital?A.Itisachildren'shospital.B.Ithasstrictrulesaboutvisitinghours.C.Theconditionstherearen'tverygood.D.Thenurseanddoctorstheredon'tworkhard.答案：B指導(dǎo)：這是一道推理題。根據(jù)媽媽為了探視病人，煞費(fèi)苦心地扮成清潔工這一點(diǎn)，我們可以推斷出這個(gè)醫(yī)院的制度非常嚴(yán)格。因此正確答案是B.4.FromthetextweknowthatDagmarismostlikely________.A.thestory-teller'ssisterB.thestory-teller'sclassmateC.Mum'sfriendD.Dad'sboss答案：A指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)媽媽與“我”的對(duì)話，“Dagmar”應(yīng)該是個(gè)孩子，媽媽還提到爸爸也不用擔(dān)心了，因此我們可以推斷媽媽探視的病人應(yīng)該是“我”的妹妹，所k2JE確答案是A.5.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesMum?A.strangeB.warm-heartedC.cleverD.hard-working答案：C指導(dǎo)：從媽媽的控視病人方面所表現(xiàn)出的智慧來(lái)看，文章應(yīng)該著重表現(xiàn)了媽媽的聰明。所以正確答案是CCTheUnitedStates.Fliersmaywanttohavetheirticketsinhandbeforecatchingtheirplanes,buttheairlinecompaniesaredoingeverythingtheycantobringforwardcost-savingticketlessflight--nopaperneeded,justaticketnumberandaphotoID(帶照片的身份證).AnyonewhobuysaNorthwestE-ticketthroughtheairline'scomputerservicebyJune16willgetana-ward(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)).Nexttimeyoufly,youcanbuyanotherticketforafriendfor$99,goinganywhereintheUSorCanadathroughFeb.12,2000,alongwiththelowestticketprices.Someairlinesofferextrafrequentfliermilesfortheticketlesscrowd.Andtherearerisingpunishmentsforpaperlovers.Arnerican,Northwest,United,andlastweek,USAirwayshaveraisedthecostforlost-ticketreplacement(替換)to$70fromeither$60or$50.TheairlinesinsistthattheincreaseinpriceisnotmeanttopushtravelerstowardE-ticketsbutonlyieoverstheincreasingcostofreplacingandtrackingamissingticket.1.Whyisthenewticketlessflightintroduced?A.Itischeaperforairtravelers.B.Ithelpsreducethecostforairlines.C.Itcanusecomputertoplanairtraveling.D.Ithelpspreventfliersfromlosingtheirtickets.答案：B指導(dǎo)：參考theairlinecompaniesaredoingeverythingtheycantobringforwardcost-savingticketlessflight從這句話上來(lái)看，無(wú)票飛行能節(jié)約錢(qián)。2.Toencouragepeopletotaketicketlessflights,theairlines________.A.selltheirticketsfor$99fromJunetoFebruarythefollowingyearB.lettravelersgotoboththeUSandCanadawiththesameticketsC.alloweachtravelertohaveanextra$99ticketforafriendoftheirsD.offerticket[esstravelersfreemilestoflyintheUS答案：C指導(dǎo)：選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)的原因是①向無(wú)票乘客提供短途(miles)免費(fèi)游是部分航空公司的舉措，不是所有航空公司所為；②只對(duì)?？吞峁┻@種免費(fèi)游，不是對(duì)任何乘客。3.Whoarethepaperloversmentionedinthe,text?A.Peoplewholiketohavepaperairplanetickets.B.Peoplewholovepaperproductsofvariouskinds.C.Peoplewhotravelwithpaperonaplane.D.Peoplewhohavelosttheirticketandbuyasecondone.答案：A指導(dǎo)：這里的paperlovers指喜歡持票乘機(jī)的人。4.Theairlinecompaniessaythattheyhaveraisedthelost-ticketreplacementpriceinorderto________.A.attracttravelerstotaketieketlessflightsB.punishthosewhoinsistonusingpaperticketsC.dobetterthanotherairlinecompaniesD.payfortheworktodealwithlosttickets答案：D指導(dǎo)：雖然文章中有這樣一句話Andtherearerisingpunishmentsforpaperlovers，但這不是航空公司所說(shuō)的話，懲罰持票者也不是航空公司的目的，故不選B。文章的最后一句說(shuō)出了機(jī)票掛失提價(jià)的真正目的，也就是為了填補(bǔ)因?yàn)閽焓Ф檎沂彼斐傻幕ㄙM(fèi)，這與選項(xiàng)D一致。DReadingisthekeytoschoolsuccessand,likeanyskill,ittakespractice.Achildlearnstowalkbypractisinguntilhenolongerhastothinkabouthowtoputonefootinfrontoftheother.Agreatathletepractisesuntilhecanplayquickly,correctly,withoutthinking.Tennisplayerscallthat"beinginthezone".Educatorscallit"automatieity(自動(dòng))".Achildlearnstoreadbysoundingoutthelettersandgetthemeaningsofthewords.Withpractice,hespeakswithfewerandfewerpausesandmistakes,readingbythephrase.Withautomatieity,hedoesn'thavetothinkaboutgettingthemeaningofthewords,sohecanpayattentiontothemeaningofthetext.Itcanbeginasearlyasfirstgrade.InarecentstudyofchildreninIllinoisschools,AlanRossmanofNorthwesternUniversityfoundautonfaticreadersinthefirstgradewhowerereadingalmostthreetimesasfastastheotherchildrenandscoringtwiceashighoncomprehensiontests.Atfifthgrade,theautomaticreaderswerereadingtwiceasfastastheothers,andstilloutscoringthemoncorrectness,comprehension,andvocabulary."It'snotLQ,buttheamountoftimeachildspendsreadingthatisthekeytoautomaticity,"accordingtoRossman,anychildwhospendsatleast3.5to4hoursaweekreadingbooks,magazinesornewspaperswillmostprobablyreachautomaticity.Athome,wheretheaveragechildspends25hoursaweekwatchingtelevision,itcanhappenbyturningoffthesetjustonenightinfavourofreading.Youcantestyourchildbygivinghimoneparagraphortwotoreadaloudsomethingunfamiliarbutsuitabletohisage.Ifhereadsaloudwithexpression,withasenseofthemeaningofthesentences,heprobablyisanautomaticreader.Ifhereadshesitatingly,onewordatatimewithoutexpressionormeaning,heneedsmorepractice.1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis________.A.whatisautomaticityB.howcorrectnessisobtainedC.how'achildlearnstowalkD.howanathleteistrained答案：A指導(dǎo)：通過(guò)事例解釋automaticity．2.TheIllinoisstudyshowsthattheautomaticreader'shighspeed________.A.costshimalotofworkB.affectshiscomprehensionC.leadstohisfuturesuccessD.doesn'taffecthiscomprehension答案：B指導(dǎo)：由“scoringtwicehigh"說(shuō)明效果好，“是……分?jǐn)?shù)的兩倍”。3.Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthatabrightchildA.alsoneedspracticetobeautomaticreaderB.alwaysachievesgreatsuccessincomprehensiontestsC.becomesanautomaticreaderafterlearninghowtoreadD.isabornautomaticreader答案：A指導(dǎo)：作者說(shuō)“自我閱讀”來(lái)源于大量的練習(xí)。4.Themainideaofthewholepassageis________.A.howtoscorehighoncomprehensiontestsB.readingisthekeytoschoolsuccessC.howtotestyourchild'sreadingabilityD.automaticityisimportantforefficientreading答案：D指導(dǎo)：本篇告訴讀者應(yīng)通過(guò)大量閱訊培養(yǎng)“自動(dòng)閱讀”，并列出了幾個(gè)事例，說(shuō)明“自動(dòng)閱讀”對(duì)有效閱讀是非常有幫助的。EVisitIcelandandyou'llenterawholenewregionofexperience.You'lldiscoveroriginalnatureasyou'veneverseenitbefore,andtheequallyOriginalpeopleforwhomtimelessnature,ancientheritageandmodemlifestylecoexistinharmony.ThefreedomtowanderinthecityorthewildsasyoupleaseisthekeytotheIcelandexperience.Reykjavik,thecapitalofIceland,isjustapartoftheIcelandicexperiencewithitsmidnightsunorthemagicallandscapesmixedwithiceandfire.Reykjavikhasapopulationofaround170,000andoffersaninterestingmixofcosmopolitan(世界各地的)cultureandlocalvillageroots.OldaccountssaytheancientgodsthemselvesguidedIceland'sfirstsettlertomakehishomeinReykjavik.HenamedtheplaceReykjavik(SteamyBay)afterthegeothermal(地?zé)?steamhesaw,whichtodayheatshomesandoutdoorswimmingpoolsthroughoutthecity,apollution-freeenergysourcethatleavestheairoutstandinglyfresh,cleanandclear.Abeautifulriverrunsthroughthecitylimits,andsodofineparksandevenwildoutdoorareas.Intheoutskirtsareplacesforhorsetrekkingandgolf.Butagainstthisbackclothofnature,Reykjavikhasapackedprogramoffamiliarcityjoystoo:artmuseums,severaltheaters,anoperahouse,asymphonyorchestraandconcertsmeetingtheneedsofthewholespectrumofageandtaste.OnemustforallvisitorsisdiningoutonIcelandicspecialities,includingdeliciousseafood,ocean-freshfromthemorning'scatch,highlandlambandunusualvarietiesofgame.Itspurelynaturalfoodimagiriativelyservedtodelightthemostdisceming(內(nèi)行的)ofdiners.ReykjavikisalsofamousasoneofEurope'shottestnightspots,wheretheactiononthefriendlypubandnightlifescenelastsrightthroughthenight.Intheevening,thedowntownareafilledwithactivity,reachingitspeakonFridayorSaturday.Thenumberofpubs,cafe,discos,andothernight-spotsinthedowntownareaisastonishing.Thereisarichvarietyofplacestogo.European-stylecafes,nightclubswithliveentertainment,dancehallsforseniors,sports-themepubswithbigTVscreens,cafesthatofferover100typesofbeer,anIrishpub,aSpanishcafe,aFrenchwinebar...Walkingdistancesareshortdowntown,andeverythingworthseeingoutsidethecitycentercanbequicklyandconvenientlyreachedbybus.Withitslong,easy-goingmainstreetandlargeshoppingmall,Iceland'scapitalisagreatplacetoshoptoowithabonusoftax-freeshoppingforvisitors!Becarefulnotjustforsouvenirs(紀(jì)念品)(especiallywoolensandhandicrafts)butalsoforstylishconsumergoodsanddesignerlabelsatcompetitiveprices.Afullrangeofaccommodations(住宿)isavailableinReykiavik,frominternational-standardhotelswithgoodconferencefacilities,throughsmallerhotelsandcomfortableguest-houses,toacampsiteinthecity'sbiggestpark.1.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatReykiavik_______.A.wasnamedbytheancientgodsB.gotitsnamefromthevisitorsC.wasnamedbyIceland'sfirstsettlerD.wasnamedafterIceland'sfirstsettler答案:C指導(dǎo)：由文中第三段第一行"Oldaccountssaytheancientgodsthemselvesguidedlceland'sfirstsettlertomakehishomeinReykiaviik．HenamedtheplaceReykiavikafterthegeothermalsteamhesaw．．．”可知C為正確選項(xiàng)。2.WhilevisitingIceland,themostenjoyablethingis_______.A.totasteitspurelynaturalfoodB.towanderfreelyinthecityorthewildsasyoupleaseC.tovisitthenight-spotsthereD.todotax-freeshopping答案:B指導(dǎo)：由文中第一段最后一句話"ThefreedomtowanderinthecityorThewildsasyoupleaseisthekeytothelcelandexperience"可知B為最佳選項(xiàng)。3.Whichofthefollowingsubjectsarementionedinthefifthparagraph?A.ShoppingandaccommodationsB.Diningandnight-spotsC.CityjoysandbackclothofnatureD.Transportationandlandscapes答案:B指導(dǎo)：由第五段明顯可以看出B為最佳選項(xiàng)，關(guān)鍵詞是本段第一行中的diningout和第五行中的alsofamousasoneOfeurope'shottestnightspots．4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.A.allvisitorsmustdineoutwhilevisitingIcelandB.hotelaccommodationissoscarcethatvisitorsusuallycampinthecity'sbiggestparksC.peoplelivinginReykiavikseldomgetheatfromcoalD.youhavetowalkashortdistanceifyouwanttogosightseeingoutsidethecity答案:C指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)全文，此處以geothermal(地?zé)?而命名，所以人們充分利用地?zé)岫苌贌?，故此C應(yīng)該為最佳選項(xiàng)。FGovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadershavetodealwithscientists,andeveryeducatedpersonfindshisviewsaffectedbyscience.Yetourscienceteachingofnon-scientists,inschoolandcollege,hasbuiltupmistakenideas,dislikes,andthecommonboast,"Ineverdidunderstandscience.'Eventhosestudentswhoarriveatcollegewithplanstobecomescientistsusuallybringamistakenpictureofscience:somehaveacollectionofunorganizedfactsaboutscience,andsomeregardthestudyofscienceasagamewhichincludesgettingtherightanswer.Thefirstoftheseattitudesseemstocomefromakindofcoursewhichprovidesvariouskindsofinformation;thesecond,fromatrainingcourseonhowtopassexaminationsthatdonotaskaboutthestudent'sunderstandingbutsimplyrequirehimtoputthenumbersintherightformulas(公式).Neithertypeofcourses(inschoolorcollege)seemstogivestudentsandunderstandingofscienceaswefinditamongscientists.Neithershowsstudentshowrealscientistsworkandthinkhowthefactsaregathered,howdiscoveriesaremade,andwhattheymean.Youngpeopleneedgoodteachingofscience,notsomuchagreatwealthofknowledgeasahealthyunderstandingofthenatureofscience.Theyneedanun-derstandingofknowledgeleadingtosympathywithscienceandaneagernessofthewayscientistswork.Giventhese,itiseasytoencouragelaterreadingandlearning.1.Oneofthereasonsthatcausemistakenideasofscienceis.A.amistakenpictureinstudents'mindB.theunscientificwayofteachingofscienceC.thefactthatstudentsfailtoseetheinfluence(影響)ofscienceD.thefactthatstudentshaveacollectionofunrelatedfactsaboutscience答案:B指導(dǎo)：由文中第一段第二句"Yetourscienceteachingofnon-scientists，inschoolandincollege．．．”可知教育方式是錯(cuò)的，所以B為正確答案。2.Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelysaythatthesubjectofthepassageis_______.A.needforgoodscienceteachingB.everyperson,includinggovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadersshouldstudyscienceC.youngpeopleshouldformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.studentsmustknowwhatscienceisandhowscientistsworkandthink答案:A指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章先說(shuō)明教育的失誤，再分析為何不正確，最后在結(jié)尾解決問(wèn)題"youngpeopleneedgoodteachingofscience．．．”。所以A為正確答案。3.Agoodcourseofscienceis_______.A.toteachstudentstodothingsaccordingtoformulasB.toprovidestudentswithallkindsofinformationC.tohelpstudentshaveagoodunderstandingandformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.toencouragestudentstohaveagoodcommandofknowledge答案：C指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文中第二段中第五行"Neithertypeofcoursesseemstogivestudentsanunderstanding“science…Neithershowsstudentshowrealscientistsworkandthink．．．”可知C為最佳選項(xiàng)。4.Peoplesuchasgovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadersdealwithscientistsmainlybecause_______.A.scientistsaregreatpersonsB.scientistsmakediscoveriesandapplythemtohelppeopleliveamorecomfortable,stableandsafelifeC.theyowemuchtoscientists'contributionsD.theycanbeaffectedbyscientistswhentheyaretogether答案：B指導(dǎo)：由文中第一段第一句"andeveryeducatedpersonfidshisviewaffectedbyscience'’可知與上一句構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，所以B為最佳選項(xiàng)。GIsitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?Warisanancientpracticewhichhasexistedforatleastsixthousandyears.Itwasalwaysbadandusuallyfoolish,butinthepast,thehumanracemanagedtolivewithit.Modernclevernesshaschangedthis.EitherManwillendtheexistenceofwar,orwarwillendtheexistenceofMan.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweapons(核武器)thatcausethemostseriousdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay,beforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwesucceededinendingtheexistenceofnuclearweapons,ourworkwillnotbedone.Itwillneverbedoneuntilwehavesucceededinendingwar.Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalproblemsinanewwaynotascontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskillfulinkillingpeople,butbysettlinginaccordancewithagreedrulesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeveryoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.Therearethosewhosaythattheacceptanceofthisorthatideology(意識(shí)形態(tài))wouldpreventwar.Ibelievethistobeabigmistake.Allideologiesarebasedupondogmaticstatements(強(qiáng)詞奪理)whichare,atbest,doubtful,andatworst,totallyfalse.Theirsupportersbelieveinthemsodeeplythattheyarewillingtogotowarinsupportofthem.Themovementofworldopinionduringthepastfewyearshasbeenverylargelysuchaswecanwelcome.Ithasbecomeacommonplacethatnuclearwarmustbeavoided.Ofcourseverydifficultproblemsremainintheworld,butthespiritinwhichtheyarecomingnearertoisabetteronethanitwassomeyearsago.Ithasbeguntobethought,evenbythepowerfulmenwhodecidewhetherweshallliveordie,thatnegotiationsshouldreachagreementsevenifbothsidesdonotfindtheseagreementswhollysatisfactory.IthasbeguntobeunderstoodthattheimportantstrugglenowadaysisnotbetweendifferentcountriesbutbetweenManandtheatombomb.1.Thispassageimpliesthatwarisnow_______.A.worsethaninthepastB.asbadasinthepastC.notasdangerousasinthepastD.asnecessaryasinthepast答案:A指導(dǎo)：由文中第一段第六行"Forthepresent,itisnuclearweaponsthatcausethemostseriousdanger，butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay，beforelong，offerandevengreater"可知A為正確答案。2.Inthesentence"Todothis,weneedtopersuademankind.."(Paragraph1),"this"refersto_______.A.toendtheexistenceofwarB.toimproveweaponsC.tosolveinternationalproblemsD.toliveapeacefullife答案:A指導(dǎo)：由this的指代作用，要么是上面提到的東西，要么是下文馬上要提到的東西，所以在此處應(yīng)該是上文提到的endingway，因此A為最佳選項(xiàng)。3.FromParagraph2welearnthatthewriterofthePassage_______.A.isasupporterofsomemodernideologiesB.doesnotthinkthattheacceptanceofanyideologiescouldpreventwarC.believesthattheacceptionofsomeideologiescouldpreventwarD.doesnotdoubtthetruthofanyideologies答案:B指導(dǎo)；由文章第二段第二行“IbelievethistoLeabigmistake"可知作者持懷疑態(tài)度，故B為最佳選項(xiàng)。4.Accordingtothewriter,_______.A.waristheonlywaytosolveintemationalargumentsB.warwillbelessdangerousbecauseoftheimprovementofweaponsC.itisimpossibleforpeopletolivewithoutwarD.warmustbeendedifmanwantstosurvive(生存)答案：D指導(dǎo)：由文中第一段第五行"EitherManwillendtheexistenceofwar，orwarwillendtheexistenceofMan"可知D為正確答案。HWhatdoliterarygreatsSirArthurConanDoyleandRobertBumshaveincommon?TheybothlivedandwroteinEdinburgh,alongwithmanyotherbignamesinthefieldofliterature.ThisfacthelpedUNESCO(聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織)awardthecitythetideofworld'sfirstCityofLiteratureonOctober14.

EdinburghleftalastingimpressiononArthurConanDoyle(18591930).Althoughhewasbomthere,hewenttoschoolinEnglandbutretumedhomeformedicalschool.Aftergraduating,hemovedtoLondonandbeganwritinghisSherlockHolmesstories.Hisinspirationforthecharactercamefromoneofhisprofessorsatuniversity.Holmes'methodsweresocleverthattheyactuallyfurtheredtheadvanceofthestudyofcriminology(犯罪學(xué))?RobertBums(1759--1796)isstillregardedasScotland'snationalpoet,morethan200yearsafterhisdeath.Heiscele-bratedallovertheworldthroughtranslationsofhisworksandtheannualBumsNightsupperonhisbirthday.Oneofhissongs,"MyLoveIsLikeARedRedRose"ranksamongthefinestlovesongseverwrittenand"AuldLangSyne"(友宜地久天長(zhǎng))issungallaroundtheworld.AsoneofthefirstliterarysocietiesinEurope,theScottishParliamentpassedtheworld'sfirstcompulsory(有義務(wù))educationlawin1496.Bythe1790s,almostallScotscouldread.VisitorstoScotlandoftenobservedthateventhelowestmembersofsocietyhadcopiesofBums'poemsandotherbooks.1.Edinburghwasawardedthetitleofworld'sfirstCityofLiteraturebecause_______.A.thefirstawardceremonyofliteraturewasheldthereB.manyliterarygreatslikeSirArthurConanDoyleandRobertBumswerebornthereC.itleftadeepimpressiononmanyliterarygreatslikeSirArthurConanDoyleD.manyliterarygreatslikeSirArthurConanDoyleandRobertBumsoftenwroteaboutit答案:B指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)短文第一段所表述的：文壇巨匠亞瑟·科南·道爾和羅伯特·伯恩斯以及文學(xué)界的其他一些名人，他們都出生在愛(ài)丁堡，筆耕于愛(ài)丁堡。在這座城市里產(chǎn)生了許許多多的作家，正由于這濃厚的書(shū)香氛圍，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織于10月14日把“世界首座文學(xué)城市”的榮譽(yù)授予愛(ài)丁堡。2.ArthurCorian]Doylewasrememberedmainlyforhis_______.A.detectivestoriesB.lovepoemsandsongsC.contributiontothestudyofcriminologyD.cleverwritingskill答案：A指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)短文第二段中的內(nèi)容：科南·道爾創(chuàng)作了福爾摩斯系列故事，其探案方法被描繪得非常奇妙，這讓犯罪學(xué)研究也獲益匪淺，并使其得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。由此推斷他是以“偵探小說(shuō)”而出名。3.Inthelastparagraph,thewritermainlydiscussed_______.A.theimpressionofvisitorstoScotlandB.howBums'poemsarepopularinScotlandC.thepossiblehistoryreasonsformanyliterarygreatsinScotlandD.howtheworld'sfirsttcompulsouyeducationlawwasmade答案：C指導(dǎo)：段意推測(cè)題。最后一段所表述的意義為：蘇格蘭之所以產(chǎn)生這么多的文學(xué)巨匠有其歷史淵源。短文中列舉了三個(gè)事實(shí)，蘇格蘭議會(huì)于1496年通過(guò)了世界上第一個(gè)義務(wù)教育法。到18世紀(jì)90年代的時(shí)候，幾乎所有的蘇格蘭人都能識(shí)字了。許多去蘇格蘭游覽的人發(fā)現(xiàn)，就連蘇格蘭的市井小民也在讀伯恩斯的詩(shī)以及其他一些書(shū)。IAnimalConservationManyanimalandplantspecieshavebecomeextinct(滅絕的)andmanymoreareincriticaldanger.FindingWaystoprotecttheearth'swildlifeandconserve(保護(hù))thenaturalworldtheyinhabit(居住)isnowmoreimportantthanever.

DodosThedodowasaclassicexampleofhowhumancauseddamagetotheearth'sbiology.TheflightlessdodowasnativetotheIslandofMauritiusintheIndianOcean.Itlivedofffruitfallenfromtheisland'streesandlivedunthreateneduntilhumansarrivedin15典型例題easilycontrolledbirdbecameasourceoffoodfo