話題1-學(xué)習(xí)能力【知識(shí)梳理】本單元的話題圍繞學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法展開(kāi)，中間涉及學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的具體困難，也描述了一個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的親身經(jīng)歷，談?wù)撊绾纬蔀橐幻玫膶W(xué)習(xí)者。有關(guān)“學(xué)習(xí)能力”的話題寫(xiě)作主要包括介紹學(xué)習(xí)方法（如：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)）和拓寬學(xué)習(xí)渠道（如：食譜和DIY制作等）兩方面，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí).培養(yǎng)良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，全面提升學(xué)生的綜合素質(zhì)。一般以說(shuō)明又或應(yīng)用文的形式展現(xiàn)。課文回顧：1.—Howdoyoustudyforatest?你是怎樣準(zhǔn)備考試的?—Istudybyworkingwithagroup.我通過(guò)和小組成員合作學(xué)習(xí)?！揪湫推饰觥縣ow引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句，常用來(lái)提問(wèn)by引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)。by表示“通過(guò)……方法、手段”等。“by+doing”意為“通過(guò)……(方法、途徑)做某事”表示通過(guò)某種方式、方法或手段去做某事，此時(shí)by短語(yǔ)用作狀語(yǔ)。by+地點(diǎn)名詞。表示場(chǎng)所、方位，意為：“在…旁邊”。如：bythelake/river/tree/window/door等Shesearchedthetopofthehillandstoppedtorestonabigrockbythesideofthepath她搜索了山頂，然后停下來(lái)在路邊的一塊大石頭上休息。by+時(shí)間名詞。意為：“到…時(shí)（已發(fā)生某事），此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)多用完成時(shí)；最晚、不遲于…，在…之前”。如：bynow/then/thistime/nextFriday/theendof/threeo`clock等。Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompleted.到去年年底，又有一座新體育館峻工了。by+名詞。可用來(lái)表方法、方式、手段等。1、by+the+可數(shù)的時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、重量等名詞。意為：“按…計(jì)算，按…買(賣)”。如：bythepound/ton/yard/meter/dozen/bale/day/month等。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.城市里的女清潔工通常按小時(shí)獲得報(bào)酬。2、by+表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、重量等總稱的不可數(shù)名詞（名詞前不加冠詞）。意為：“按…計(jì)算，按…買(賣)”。如：bytime/volume/length/weight/height/depth/width/area等。Asweallknow,thefreightoftheluggageischargedbyweight.眾所周知，行李的運(yùn)費(fèi)是按重量計(jì)算的。3、by+交通工具、交通方式名詞（名詞前不加冠詞，不變復(fù)數(shù)）。意為：“通過(guò)…，由…，乘…”。如：bytrain/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane;byland/road/sea/water/air等。（onfoot)Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain;it`squickerbyroad.(或bybus)乘火車去那兒要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，公路比較快。4、by+抽象名詞或具有抽象意義的普通名詞（名詞前不加冠詞，不變復(fù)數(shù)）。意為：“靠…，通過(guò)…，由…所致”。如：byskill/determination/practice/diligence/inference/chance/accident;bymail/letter/radio/fax/telephone/telegraph/hand/machine等。Althoughhehadbeensearchinginthewrongareamostofthetime,hefounditbylogic,notbyluck.雖然他曾大部分時(shí)間一直在錯(cuò)誤的地方尋找，但他還是靠邏輯推理而非運(yùn)氣，找到了它。5、by+地點(diǎn)或工具等具體名詞。表路線、途徑，意為：“通過(guò)（某物、某地），取道…”。如：byastonebridge/thebackdoor/thefreeway/countryroads等。Themanenteredtheroombythebackdoor.那人通過(guò)后門(mén)進(jìn)入了房間。2.It'stoohardtounderstandspokenEnglish.【句型剖析】“too+形容詞/副詞+to+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“太……而不能……”，該句型用于肯定句，但表示否定的意義。3.Annie,I'malittlenervous.【句型剖析】alittle可直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞。abit修飾名詞時(shí)其后須加of，即abitof，后接不可數(shù)名詞。4.Thatdoesn'tsoundtoobad.【句型剖析】sound用作連系動(dòng)詞，“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”，其后常跟形容詞。英語(yǔ)中常用的連系動(dòng)詞：一是（be），一感（feel），三保持（keep\remain\stay），二：……起來(lái)：有四個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞（sound,look,smell,taste），三：好像（seem），變了：有三個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞（get,turn,become）。四：provecometruegohungry5.Themoreyouread,thefasteryou'llbe.【句型剖析】“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”意為“越……就越……”。例如：Themoreyousmile,thehappieryouwillfeel.你微笑越多，你越感覺(jué)幸福。6.WhydidWeiFanfinditdifficulttolearnEnglish?【句型剖析】“find+it+adj.+todosth.”“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事…”7.Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecausemypronunciationwasverybad.【句型剖析】beafraidtodosth.意為“害怕做某事”Iamafraidtotravelbyplane.我怕乘飛機(jī)旅行?！就卣埂縝eafraidofsb/sth.“害怕某人/某物”。Areyouafraidofsnake?你怕蛇嗎？Iamafraidthat從句.“擔(dān)心…”。I'mafraid意為“恐怕”，主要用于禮貌地說(shuō)出令人不快、失望或感到遺憾的事。例如：I'mafraidIcan'tstay.恐怕我不能留下。8.Whatisthesecrettolanguagelearning?【句型剖析】thesecretto…“…的秘訣”其中to為介詞,表示所屬，意為“…的….”。例如：ThatisthesecrettolearningEnglishwell.她的年齡對(duì)我們大家來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)秘密?！就卣埂縤nsecret偷偷地,暗地里Hehasleftthecountryinsecret. 他已秘密出國(guó)。keepsth.asecretfrom=keepa/thesecretfrom對(duì)…保守秘密例如：Icankeepnothingasecretfromyou.我對(duì)你沒(méi)有保密的事。9.Ittakestime.這得花時(shí)間?！揪湫推饰觥縄ttakessb.sometimetodosth.意思是“花了某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間去做某事”。在這里，it是形式主語(yǔ)，指代后面的動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞不定式才是真正的主語(yǔ)。10.ThenonedayIwatchedanEnglishmoviecalledToyStory.Ifellinlovewiththisexcitingandfunnymovie!【句型剖析】calledToyStory.called為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞movie.短語(yǔ)：fallinlovewith“愛(ài)上某人/某物”。同義于“beinlovewith,意為“與…相愛(ài)”，表狀態(tài)。11.IwanttolearnnewwordsandmoregrammarsothatIcanhaveabetterunderstandingofEnglishmovies.【句型剖析】sothat引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“為了，目的是”。Tomgetsupearlysothathecancatchthefirstbuseveryday.湯姆每天早起是為了能趕上第一班公共汽車而so…that….“如此……以至于”ThemovieissotouchingthatIcriedafterwatchingit.這部電影如此感人以至于我看后哭了。TheteacherspokesoquicklythatIdidnotunderstandhermostofthetime.老師講得如此快以至于大部分時(shí)間我都聽(tīng)不懂她講什么。so……that……引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“如此……以至于……”,其中so是副詞，與形容詞或副詞連用，即“so+形容詞或副詞+that從句”。12.Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinsomething,yourbrainismoreactive……研究表明，如果你對(duì)某種東西感興趣，你的大腦會(huì)更加活躍……【句型剖析】be/get/becomeinterestedinsth.意思是“對(duì)……感興趣”,它與take/have/showaninterestinsth.同義。13.MypronunciationimprovedaswellbylisteningtotheconversationsinEnglishmovies.【句型剖析】aswell也；又（通常放句尾）IsingmyownsongsandIplaytheguitaraswell我唱自己譜曲的歌，也彈吉他?！颈嫖觥縜lso,too,aswell,either這些詞均含“也”之意。also比too正式一些，語(yǔ)氣較重，只用于肯定句，一般緊靠動(dòng)詞。too語(yǔ)氣較輕，多用于口語(yǔ)，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。之前加逗號(hào)。aswell一般不用否定句，通常放在句末，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)可放在句中。either用于否定句，放在句末，之前加逗號(hào)。14.Idiscoveredthatlisteningtosomethingyouareinterestedinisthesecrettolanguagelearning.【句型剖析】discover是指“發(fā)現(xiàn)”原來(lái)就有而一直沒(méi)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西(如電、煤、石油等礦藏及新星、星系或科學(xué)真理等)而invent指通過(guò)勞動(dòng)運(yùn)用聰明才智“發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造”出以前從未存在過(guò)的新事物。15.Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.Butwhetherornotyoucandothiswelldependsonyourlearninghabits.【句型剖析】beborn意為“天生，出生”為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞通常用was或were，born為bear的過(guò)去式。Iwasborninasmallvillage.我出生在一個(gè)小山村。ability在此處為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“能力”常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)havetheabilitytodosth.(有能力做某事)，而不用“havetheabilityofdoingsth”結(jié)構(gòu)。Manhastheabilitytospeak.人類有說(shuō)話的能力。whetherornot意為“是否”,whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，不能與if替換。whethershewillcomeornotisstillaproblem.她是否會(huì)來(lái)還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。dependon意為“視……而定，取決于；依靠；依賴”。后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞。既不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)也不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Wedependonthenewspaperfordailynews.我們得靠報(bào)紙得知每天的消息。16.Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinsomething,yourbrainismoreactiveanditisalsoeasierforyoutopayattentiontoitforalongtime.【句型剖析】activeadj,“活躍的，積極的”，可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。常用短語(yǔ)：takeanactivepartin，意為“積極參加”17.Althoughheisover80,heisstillveryactive.他雖然年過(guò)八十，但是仍很活躍。【句型剖析】payattentionto意為“注意，關(guān)注”，其中to為介詞，其后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。You’dbetterpayattentiontothiswordintheEnglishexamlasttime.你最好注意一下上次英語(yǔ)考試中的這個(gè)單詞。18.Goodlearnersoftenconnectwhattheyneedtolearnwithsomethingtheyareinterestedin.【句型剖析】connect…with…意為“把……和……聯(lián)系起來(lái)”其中connect意為“（使）連接；與……有聯(lián)系”，其名詞形式為connection，意為“連接；關(guān)系”。Pleasedon’tconnectthispersonwiththatperson.請(qǐng)不要把這個(gè)人和那個(gè)人聯(lián)系在一起。need在此處為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“需要”其后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，構(gòu)成否定和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要借助助動(dòng)詞do/does/did。Ineedalotofmoneynow.我現(xiàn)在很需要錢。19.Goodlearnersthinkaboutwhattheyaregoodatandwhattheyneedtopracticemore.【句型剖析】Thinkabout意為“考慮”其后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或賓語(yǔ)從句。Theyarethinkingaboutaseriousproblem.他們正在考慮一個(gè)嚴(yán)肅的問(wèn)題。Begoodat“擅長(zhǎng)”同義于dowellin“在某方面做得好”HeisgoodatEnglish.=hedoeswellinEnglish.20.Evenifyoulearnsomethingwell,youwillforgetitunlessyouuseit.【句型剖析】Evenif意為“即使，盡管”，用于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，有退一步設(shè)想的意味，同義于“eventhough”。I’llhelpyou,evenifImuststayupthewholenight.即使熬夜一整晚我也要幫助你。forget后直接跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式，但兩者意義完全不同。forgettodosth.和forgetdoingsth.forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事Iforgetturningoffthelight.我忘記已經(jīng)關(guān)燈了。unlessconj.除非；如果不，作連詞，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，常可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“if...not...”的同義句。若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。21.Knowledgecomesfromquestioning.【句型剖析】question在句子中作動(dòng)詞，是“質(zhì)疑；質(zhì)問(wèn)；提問(wèn)”的意思。例如：Ijustacceptedwhathetoldme.Ineverthoughttoquestionit.當(dāng)question用作動(dòng)詞，表示對(duì)某人或事物進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí)，是一種十分正式的用法，有“提問(wèn)；詢問(wèn)；審問(wèn)”的意思。Thepolicequestionedhimforthreehoursbeforelettinghimgo.【專題過(guò)關(guān)】評(píng)卷人得分一、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話5選5根據(jù)對(duì)話情景選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。A:Hello,Rose.CanyoutellmehowyoulearnEnglishwell?B:Sure.Thebestwayistopractice.Youknow,practicemakesperfect.A:____1____B:IpracticeoralEnglisheverymorning.IalsotakeeverychancetopracticeoralEnglishinandafterclass.A:____2____B:Yes,Ido.KeepingadiaryinEnglishhelpsmealotwithmywriting.A:____3____B:IlistentoEnglishprogramstoimprovemylisteningabilityinmysparetime.A:Howdoyouimproveyourreadingability?B:____4____A:Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture?B:Inthefuture,IwanttobeacollegeEnglishteacher.A:____5____B:Thankyou.A．DoyoukeepadiaryinEnglish?B．Howdoyouimproveyourlisteningability?C．IenjoyreadingnewspapersinEnglish.D．WhendoyoupracticeoralEnglish?E．Ihopeyourdreamwillcometrue.評(píng)卷人得分二、完形填空PeopleoftenaskmeforsuggestionsabouthowtolearnEnglish.Asforit,everyoneis____6____.I’llsharesomeofmyexperience.OnethingIcantellyouisthat,onceyou’vestartedlearning,youshouldtrytoforma____7____ofthinkinginEnglish.Ifyouseesomethingwhenyou’reridingyourbikeorwalkingdownthestreet,justthinkabout“____8____wouldIsaytheminEnglish?”Atfirst,itmightbewithsimplewordsorphrases,butlateryoushould____9____longerphrasesandsentences.NowI’minAmerica,andformostof____10____time,IwouldthinkinEnglishandspeakitdirectly.It’samazinghowmuchthis____11____.ForseveralyearsafterIstartedlearning,IwasoftenafraidoftalkingwithothersinEnglish____12____Ididn’twanttomakemistakes.FinallyIgotitover.AndwhiletravelinginAmerica,I’dtrytohangoutwithfriendswhocouldn’tspeakEnglish,sothatI’dhavenochoice____13____tospeakEnglish.AndIalsodecidedthatifIsaidsomethingstupidandotherpeoplelaughedatme,thensobeit(就那樣吧).Afterthat,myEnglishstartedimprovingmuchmore____14____.Besides,itmaybeagoodideatoask____15____Americanfriendstolookatthewayyou’rewriting,andgiveyousomesuggestionsforimprovement.6．A．interesting B．difficult C．different D．similar7．A．method B．thought C．rule D．habit8．A．How B．When C．Why D．What9．A．thinkabout B．talkabout C．thinkover D．talkwith10．A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．a(chǎn)n D．the11．A．does B．goes C．helps D．enjoys12．A．though B．if C．because D．to13．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so14．A．slowly B．quickly C．wisely D．happily15．A．your B．my C．our D．their評(píng)卷人得分三、閱讀判斷根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正（T）誤（F）。WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youfinditnotclevertoputanEnglishsentencewordforwordintoyourownlanguage.Takethesentence“Howdoyoudo?”forexample.Ifyoulookupeachwordinthedictionary,oneatatime,whatwillbeyourtranslation?Itmustbeawrongsentenceinyourownlanguage.Languagesdon’tjusthavedifferenceinsounds,theyaredifferentinmanyways.It’salsoimportanttomastertherulesforwordorderinthestudyofEnglish.Ifthespeakersputwordsinawrongorder,thelistenerwillnotunderstandthespeaker’ssentenceeasily.SometimeswhentheorderofwordsinanEnglishsentenceischanged,themeaningofthesentencechanges.However,sometimestheorderischanged,themeaningofthesentencedoesn’tchange.Let’sseethedifferencebetweenthetwopairsofsentences.“Sheonlylikesapples.”“Onlyshelikesapples!”“Ihaveseenthefilmalready.”“Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.”WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youmustdoyourbesttogetthespiritofthelanguageanduseitastheEnglishspeakerdoes.16．WeshouldputeverywordintoourownlanguagewhenwearelearningEnglish.17．ThewriterthinksitisimportanttomastertherulesforwordorderinlearningEnglish.18．Sometimesdifferentorderofwordshasadifferentmeaning.19．“Sheonlylikesapples.”isdifferentfrom“Onlyshelikesapples.”20．HowtoLearnEnglishisthebesttitleforthispassage.評(píng)卷人得分四、閱讀單選ListeningPracticinglisteningisagoodwaytoimproveyourlisteningskills.WhenyoulistentosomethinginEnglish,trytonotedownkeyinformation.Youcanalsowritedownkeywordsandexpressions.Whilelistening,youmaynotunderstandmuchatfirst.Keeponlisteningandyouwillunderstandmore.SpeakingIt’sthemostimportanttobelieveyourselfwhenyouspeakEnglish.Don’tspeaksofastthattheotherscannotunderstandyou.Ifyouforgetaword,trytouse“um”or“er”astheEnglishpeopledoallthetime.Remembertobepolite-use“please”and“thankyou”ifyouasksomeoneforhelp.ReadingWhenyouread,themostimportantthingtodoistounderstandthemainideas.Usethetitleandthepicturetohelpyouunderstandthemainideaofapassage.Whenyoureadapassage,trytofindwho,what,when,where,whyandhow.Thiswillhelpyouunderstandthepassagebetter.WritingWhenyouwriteacomposition,rememberthreethings.Usesomethingyouhavereadasamodelinyourcomposition.Useexpressionsandsentencesfromthemodelandchangethedetails.Thiswillhelpyouwiththecontent(內(nèi)容),thegrammarandthevocabularyyouincludeinyourcomposition.Usewordslike“and”,“or”and“but”tojoinsentences.21．WhenyoulistentosomethinginEnglish,you_________.A．needtopracticewritingskills B．havetowritedownnewwordsC．mustunderstandnewexpressions D．shouldtrytowritedownkeyinformation22．Whatisthemostimportantforyoutoimproveyourspeakingskills?A．Tospeakatanaturalspeed. B．Touse“um”or“er”ifyouforgetaword.C．Tobepolitewhenyouaskothersforhelp. D．TobelieveyourselfwhenyouspeakEnglish.23．InParagraph(段落)3,theword“This”refersto(指)“_________”.A．readingthetitle B．lookingatthepictureC．understandingthemainidea D．findingwho,what,when,where,whyandhow24．ThefollowingthingsarementionedinthelastparagraphEXCEPT_________.A．writingaboutwhatyouknowbestB．joiningsentenceswith“and”,“or”and“but”C．usingsomethingyouhavereadasamodelD．usingsomeexpressionsandsentencesfromthemodel評(píng)卷人得分五、閱讀填表Goodmorning,everyone!WelcometoourprogramBeautifulLife.Lastweek,somefriendsaskedmehowtochangetheirlivesbytakingsmallsteps.Herearemysuggestions.●ExerciseWanttofeelbetterandhavelessstressinyourlife?Justexercise.Itnotonlyprovidesyouwithahealthybody,butisalsogoodforyourbrain.●BegratefulNeverforgetthegoodthingsyouhave.Youhavefoodinyourstomach,awarmbedtosleepin,cleanwater,family,friendsandsoon.Begratefulforwhatyouhavehad.Itmakesyoufeelluckyandthenmakesyoulucky.●ConnectwithpeopleStartwiththeclosestpeoplearoundyou.Spendtimelisteningtoandcommunicatingwiththem.Shareyourknowledgeandyourtimewithsomeoneelse.Say“hello”tostrangers.Thiswillmakeyoumoreopenandrelaxed.●ReadmoreIthinkthesuccessfulpeopleinthisworldlovereading.MarkCuban,anAmericanbusinessman,usedtoreadeverybookhecouldgethishandson.Evenafterhebecameveryrich,hestillreadatleastthreehourseveryday.●LiveinthepresentWhathashappened.Whatwillhappen.Shapeyourpastandfuturebylivingyourpresenttothefullest.HowtoChangeOurLivesbyTakingSmallStepsExerciseYoucanfeelbetterandhavelessstressifyouoftendo____25____.BegratefulYouwillfeel____26____ifyouarealwaysgrateful.____27____withpeopleListeningtoandcommunicatingwithotherpeoplecanmakeyouopenandrelaxed.Readmore____28____isagoodhabit.LiveinthepresentYoushouldshapeyourpastand____29____bylivingyourpresenttothefullest.評(píng)卷人得分六、短文語(yǔ)境提示填空根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空。Asastudent,youmustwanttobecomeasuccessful____30____.Howcanwelearnwell?Howcanwebecomebetterand____31____?Maybeyoucantrythefollowingways.Everyoneis____32____withthe____33____tolearn.Butifyouwanttolearnsomethingwell,youshouldhavegoodlearning____34____.____35____aninterestinwhatyoulearnIfyouareinterestedinsomething,your____36____ismoreactiveanditisalsoeasierforyoutopay____37____toitforalongtime.Goodlearnersoften____38____whattheyneedtolearnwithsomethinginteresting.Forexample,ifyouwanttolearnEnglishwellandyoulovemusic,youcanlistentoEnglishsongs.Thiswayyouwon’tget_____39_____.Practicingandlearning_____40_____mistakesPracticemakes_____41_____.Evenifyoulearnsomethingwell,youneedto_____42___