上海中學(xué)2019學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題Ⅰ.listeningcomprehensionsectionadirections:insectiona,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.afteryou.hearaconversationandthequestionabout.it,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyou'veheard1.a.heisangryb.heisexhaustedc.heishungry.d.heisdisappointed2.a.gooverhislessonbattendthepartyc.eatoutwithfriendsd.takethefinalexam.3.a.sheismostlikelytobearrestedb.shehasforgottentocallthepolice.c.shemayhavelostherdrivinglicense.d.sheislyingtothepoliceofficer4.a.billbrokehispromisebmumwillprobablyrewardbillc.billfailedinthetestd.mumisworriedaboutbillswork5.a.makearecoveryplatbgobacktoworkc.dropoutofschooldquitherpresentjob.6.a.shegavehimalifthomeagainb.sheofferedhimanextraroomcshetreatedhimwellatherhomedshesparedmuchtimeforhime7.a.shedoesn'thavetimetofindanewflatb.shehasnotpaidenoughrentinadc.sheisunlikelytogiveuptheniceflatd.shewantstodecoratetheflatduringtheholiday8.a.extremesports.b.travelins/lance.c.bungeejumping.d.divingsafety.9.a.shelikesphillips'singingverymuchb.sheappreciatesotherkindsofmusicalsc.sheenjoysthechangesofhismusicalsd.sheadmiresothersingers.morethanphillips10.a.americanstudentsaretootalkativeinclass.b.it'shardtolearnalotinanamericanschoolc.onecanjoininschoolingindifferentwaysd.activeparticipationisgreatlyencouragedsectionbdirections:insectionb,youwillhearseverallongerconversation(s)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversation(s)andthepassage(s).theconversation(s)andthepassage(s)willbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheardquestions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage11.aoneshouldwaitforthingstohappenbeforeleavingb.oneshouldremainsilentwhenthingsaregettinghardc.oneshouldtrytotakecontrolofthedifficultsituationd.oneshouldturntootherpeopleforinstanthelp12.a.bymotivatinghimselftotakeaction.b.byseekinghelpfromhisfriendsc.bythinkingofthemeaningoflife.d.bytakinggoodcareofhimself13.alifeisnotalwayspeacefulanditisfullofterribleaccidentsb.keepapositiveattitudeandfocusonsurvivalwhateverhappenc.advancedequipmentistheessentialfactorinsurvivingcrisesd.bereadytogetimmediateassistancewhenlostinthejungle.14.a.ln1969b.ln2012c.ln1976d.ir201615.asuggestedcreatingauniversityofscienceandtechnologyinegyptb.helpedmanyegyptianscientiststobeawardedthenobelprizec.developedcooperationwiththeuniversityofcaliforniaintheu.sd.providedexcellentegyptianstudentswithmorefinancialsupport16.a.forhisrelationshipwithegyptianpresident.b.forhisacademicperformanceintechnologyc.forhisgoodserviceintheegyptianarmyd.forhisoutstandingcontributionstoegyptquestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.a.itoffersdifferentopinionsonoldageb.itisabouthowtokeephealthyinoldagec.itinvestigatesthecausesoftheagingproblem.d.itrevealsthesecretsoflivinglonger18.a.theoldarethoughttobehealthyb.theoldarereportedtobepoorbuthappyc.theoldareregardedasanunattractivegroupd.theoldareconsidereddangeroustothesociety.19.a.theyareeasytofalldownwithseriousillnessb.theyenjoytravelingandgettingnewexperiencec.theyaredifficulttoberecognizedduetothechangesd.theyhavenomorementalproblemsthanthemiddle-aged20.araisepeople'sawarenessofcaringfortheoldb.helppeopletaketheirresponsibilitiesfortheoldc.changepeople'sattitudetowardstheagedgroupd.easepeople'sfearandanxietyaboutgrowingoldⅡ.grammarandvocabularysectionbdirections:afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblanksto.makethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.itisaroughworldoutthere.stepoutsideofashoppingmallandyoucouldbreakyourleg____1____(slip)onthedoormat.luckily,ifthedoormatfailedtowarnofcomingdanger,asuccessfullawsuit(官司)mightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.sincetheearly1980s,jurieshavebegunholdingmorecompaniesresponsibleforthecustomers'misfortunes.feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritinglongerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.today,evenladderscarryalabelseveralincheslongthat____2____(warn)amongotherthings,thatyoumightfalloff.whilewarningsareoftennecessaryforcompanies,manystillfeeluncertainwhetherthoselabelscanprotect___3___fromlegalresponsibilityifacustomerisinjured.actually,about50%ofthecompanieslosewhen___4___(take)tocourtbytheinjuredcustomer.nowthetideappearstobeturning___5___personalinjuryclaimscontinuetogrow,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants(被告),especiallyincases___6___awarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.inmay,julienimmons,presidentofschuttsportssuccessfullyfoughtalawsuit___7___(involve)afootballerwhowasparalyzed(t)inagamewhilewearingaschutthelmet."wearereallysorryhehasbecomeparalyzed,___8___helmetsaren'tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,"saysnimmons.thejuryfinallyagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonfortheinjury.meanwhile,theamericanlawinstitute,agroupofjudgesandlawyers,issuednewguidelinesstatingthatcompaniesneedn'twarncustomersofobviousdangersorannoythemwithalengthylistofpossibleones____9____informationwon'tgetburiedinaseaoftrivialities(瑣事).ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnot_____10_____aprotectionagainstlegalresponsibility.【答案】1.slipping2.warms3.them4.taken5.as6.where7.involving8.but9.so10.as【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。本文就警告牌在使用的過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了一些危險(xiǎn)，導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者與公司之間發(fā)生糾紛而產(chǎn)生索賠展開了討論。【1題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：外面的世界很艱難。走出商場(chǎng)，你可能會(huì)在門墊上滑倒而摔斷腿。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此空在句中作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是you，二者是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動(dòng)。故填slipping?！?題詳解】考查主謂一致及時(shí)態(tài)。句意：今天，甚至梯子上都有一個(gè)幾英寸長(zhǎng)的標(biāo)簽，上面寫著“可能會(huì)掉下來(lái)”等警告。分析句子可知，本句是定語(yǔ)從句，其中定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞alabel，alabel在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。本句敘述的是現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，故要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填warms。【3題詳解】考查人稱代詞。句意：但許多公司仍然不確定，如果顧客受到傷害，這些標(biāo)簽是否能使他們免于承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境可知，此處的主語(yǔ)是許多公司many(companies)，不知道這些標(biāo)簽是否能使他們免于承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任?？芍?，本空指代上文中many(companies)，并在句中作動(dòng)詞protect的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用代詞的賓格。故填them?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：事實(shí)上，當(dāng)受傷的顧客把公司告上法庭時(shí)，大約有50%的公司蒙受了損失。“takesb.tocourt”為固定搭配，意為“把……告上法庭”。分析句子可知，本空的邏輯主語(yǔ)是50%ofthecompanies，二者是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處是指公司被告上法庭，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞，表被動(dòng)。故填taken。【5題詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：隨著人身傷害索賠的不斷增加，形勢(shì)似乎正在轉(zhuǎn)變，一些法院開始站在被告一邊。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，本空應(yīng)使用連接詞as“隨著”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故填as。【6題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：一些法院開始站在被告一邊，特別是在警告標(biāo)簽可能不會(huì)改變?nèi)魏问虑榈那闆r下。分析句子especiallyincases___6___awarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.可知，本句是定語(yǔ)從句，其中的先行詞為cases，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此處指“尤其是在這樣的案件中”。故填where.【7題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：今年5月，舒特體育總裁朱莉·尼蒙斯（julienimmons）成功地打了一場(chǎng)官司，一名足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員戴著schutt頭盔而導(dǎo)致全身癱瘓的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。分析句子可知，本空在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞alawsuit，它與動(dòng)詞involve二者是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動(dòng)。故填involving?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：我們真的很抱歉，他已經(jīng)癱瘓了，但頭盔的設(shè)計(jì)并不是為了防止這種傷害。分析句子可知，空格前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用but。故填but。【9題詳解】考查連詞。句意：與此同時(shí)，由法官和律師組成的美國(guó)法律研究所(americanlawinstitute)發(fā)布了新的指導(dǎo)方針，稱公司不必提醒客戶注意顯而易見的危險(xiǎn)，也不必用一長(zhǎng)串可能的危險(xiǎn)來(lái)惹惱他們，因此信息就不會(huì)被淹沒在一大堆瑣碎的小事中。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意可知，此處使用連詞so“因此”連接上下語(yǔ)境。故填so?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這些產(chǎn)品的信息可能實(shí)際上是為了客戶的利益而提供的，而不是作為對(duì)法律責(zé)任的保護(hù)。分析語(yǔ)境可知，本空缺少一個(gè)介詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)使用介詞as“作為”。故填as。sectioncdirections:completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.theabilitytowritewellisnotagift.sure,thespecialsomethingsettingapartshakespeareortolstoyisatalent____11____ofdisposition(性情),experienceandcommitment.butjustbeingabletocommunicateclearlywithwrittenwordsisalearnedskill.becausethewordsweusetowritewitharethesamewordsweusetothinkwith,learningtowritewellhasimplicationsgoingbeyondthemerelytechnical.asweimproveourwritingability,weimproveourabilitytothink--tobuildanargument,toframeissuesinforcefulways,to___12___seeminglyunrelatedfactsintoacoherentwhole.anddespitetherecurringpessimisticopinionsaboutthe"endofliteracy"andthe"deathofthe___13___word",therealityisthatwewritemorethaneverthesedays.whileit'sararepersonwhositsdownwithpenandpaperinhandandwritesalettertoafriendorlovedone,we___14___emailsatanastoundingrate.wealsofrequentlywriteletters,proposals,memos,speechesanddozensofmore___15___typesofdocumentsinaword,weare___16___writingcreatures.it'snowonderthatbusinessesrepeatedlycite"communicationskills"asthesinglemost___17___traitinnewemployees.theproblem,though,isthatweareasasociety___18___badatwriting.thatisagreatdanger.outclassroomisfilledwithunmotivatedstudentswhocouldcarelessaboutwriting.butbeingabletowritewellvastlyimprovesstudents'potentialforsuccessasithelpsthemtothinkthroughproblemsandexpresstheirideasmoreeffectivelythegoodnewsisthatwritingwellisnotagift___19___forthefewbutasetofskillsthatcanbemasteredbyanyone.herearesometipstohelpyoumovefrombeing___20___capabletobeinganexcellentwriter.first,startajournalorablogtogetyouwritingregularly.thenreaditsothatyoucanfindtheawkwardparts.finally,beopentoothers'commentssoifyouworryaboutyourwritingability,commityourselfnow.tobecomingasolidwriterintheyeartocome.【答案】11.ad12.d13.ab14.a15.bc16.ac17.bd18.ae19.c20.b【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。本文敘述了寫作能力不是天賦的。寫作不僅是可以學(xué)習(xí)到的一種技術(shù)，可以讓你變成一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的作家，也提高了我們思考的能力?！?1題詳解】考查語(yǔ)境及固定搭配。句意：寫得好不是天賦。當(dāng)然，莎士比亞和托爾斯泰的獨(dú)特之處在于他天然的性格、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和他的奉獻(xiàn)。但是，僅僅能夠用文字清晰地交流是一種可以學(xué)習(xí)的技能。“bornof”為固定搭配，意為“出生于，天生的?！贝颂幨侵赋錾鷷r(shí)就有的，填born。故選ad。【12題詳解】考查語(yǔ)境及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：隨著我們寫作能力的提高，我們思考的能力也在提高---確立一個(gè)論據(jù)，用有力的方式來(lái)闡述問題，把看似無(wú)關(guān)的事實(shí)組織成一個(gè)連貫的整體。根據(jù)前一句可知，寫作及思考能力的提高，我們就能把看似無(wú)關(guān)的事實(shí)“組織/編織（weave）”成一個(gè)連貫的整體。由于本句敘述的是事實(shí)，且本空是動(dòng)詞不定式，填原形，故填weave。故選d。【13題詳解】考查語(yǔ)境及過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。句意：盡管對(duì)“讀寫能力的終結(jié)”和“印刷文字的消亡”的悲觀看法反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，但現(xiàn)實(shí)是，我們?nèi)缃竦膶懽髁勘纫酝魏螘r(shí)候都多。根據(jù)“l(fā)iteracy”以及“word”,可知，此處“出版的文字”，文字與出版二者是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要填printed。故選ab?！?4題詳解】考查語(yǔ)境及動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然很少有人會(huì)坐下來(lái)手里拿著紙和筆給朋友或愛人寫信，但我們卻會(huì)以驚人的速度發(fā)送電子郵件。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處我們會(huì)不斷發(fā)送郵件，“pour”意為“不斷涌現(xiàn)”，空前是不定式符號(hào)，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。故選a?！?5題詳解】考查語(yǔ)境及形容詞作定語(yǔ)。句意：我們還經(jīng)常寫信、寫建議、寫備忘錄、寫演講，以及寫幾十種更專業(yè)的文件，分析句意可知，根據(jù)“writeletters,proposals,memos,speeches”以及后面的“typesofdocuments”可知，這些東西相對(duì)比較專業(yè)。形容詞“specialized”，意為“專業(yè)的”。故選bc?！?6題詳解】考查語(yǔ)境及副詞。句意：總之，我們實(shí)際上是在書寫的生物。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處修飾整個(gè)句子，要用副詞“actually”。故選ac。【17題詳解】考查語(yǔ)境及形容詞作定語(yǔ)。句意：難怪企業(yè)反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)“溝通技巧”是新員工最值得擁有的特質(zhì)。分析句子可知，此處在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞trait。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“溝通技巧”是新員工值得擁有的（desirable）。故選bd。【18題詳解】考查語(yǔ)境及副詞。句意：但問題是，我們整個(gè)社會(huì)都不擅長(zhǎng)寫作。這是一個(gè)巨大的危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指程度，修飾形容詞bad，表示“極其，非常”。而“incredibly”。故選ae【19題詳解】考查語(yǔ)境及語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：好消息是，寫作好不是少數(shù)人擁有的天賦。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，天賦是被擁有（reserve），二者是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要填reserved故選c?！?0題詳解】考查語(yǔ)境及副詞作狀語(yǔ)。句意：這里有一些建議可以幫助你從僅僅是一個(gè)有能力的人變成一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的作家。此處修飾形容詞“capable”，應(yīng)使用副詞merely“僅僅”。故選b。Ⅲ.readingcomprehensionsectionaclozeifyouexaminethebirthcertificateofeverysoccerplayerinthelastwordcuptournament,youwillmostlikelyfindtheexcellentplayerswerebornintheearliermonthsoftheyear.ifyouthenexaminetheeuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheworldcup,youwillfindthisphenomenonevenmore___21___.whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?someguessacertainastrologicalsign(星座)____22____superiorsoccerskills;othersmaintainthatwinter-bornbabieshavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina(itt).butandersonericsson,a58-year-oldprofessorwhoiscalledtheexpertonexperts,believesinneither.hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involved___23___trainingapersontohearandrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers."withthefirstsubjectafter20hoursoftraining,hisdigitalspanroseto20,ericssonrecalls,"andafterabout200hoursoftraininghecouldrepeatupto80numbersthissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingmemoryitselfisnot___24___determined,ledericssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingisacognitive(iina)exercise,whichmeanswhateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesare____25____byhowwelleachpersonencodestheinformation.andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownas____26____practice.itinvolvesmorethansimplyrepeatingatask___27___playingac-minorscale100timeshittingtennisservesuntilyourshoulderpopsoutofitssocket.___28___itinvolvessteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone,settingspecificandwell-definedgoals,focusingon___29___areasofexpertise,obtainingimmediatefeedbackfromprofessionalsandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyinghighachieversinawiderangeof____30____includingsoccer,golf,chess,pianoplayinganddarts.theygatherallthedatatheycanandmakearathershockingstatement:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighly____31____,andyes,expertperformersarenearlyalwaysmade.ericsson’sformulaseemsappealingtomanytigerparents:"practicemakesperfect"isnaturally____32____togeneticdeterminism.by____33____innateabilityasinsignificant,manyareconfidenttheycanmakeaconcert-levelpianistoranolympicfigureskateroftheirkidsaslongastheypushthemhardenough.ericsson,____34____believeswhatparentsshouldlearnfromthescienceofexpertiseisnottheeffectofloggingthousandsofhours,buthowtogetkidsto.____35____theimportanceandchallengeofeffectivepractice21.a.understandable b.misleading c.appealing d.noticeable22.a.promises b.improves c.compromises d.masters23.a.numbers b.subjects c.memory d.practice24a.physically b.genetically c.fundamentally d.psychologically25.a.overshadow b.demonstrated c.strengthened d.produced26.a.enormous b.deliberate c.desperate d.persistent27.a.onaverage b.moreimportantly c.forinstance d.inparticular28.a.besides b.nevertheless c.therefore d.rather29.a.various b.comprehensive c.targeted d.minor30.a.pursuits b.occupations c.performances d.assumptions31.a.underestimate b.overrated c.flexible d.demanding32.a.equal b.inferior c.preferable d.beneficial33.a.dismissing b.lacking c.recognizing d.highlighting34.a.likewise b.therefore c.besides d.however35.a.study b.practice c.reflect d.embrace【答案】21.d22.a23.c24.b25.a26.b27.c28.d29.c30.a31.b32.c33.a34.d35.d【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。本文通過(guò)對(duì)足球、高爾夫、國(guó)際象棋、鋼琴演奏和飛鏢等領(lǐng)域取得高成就的人進(jìn)行研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)天才并非是天生的，是后天通過(guò)練習(xí)創(chuàng)造的，即熟能生巧?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞作表語(yǔ)。句意：如果你接著調(diào)查世界杯和職業(yè)比賽的歐洲國(guó)家青年隊(duì)的話，那么你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一奇怪的現(xiàn)象甚至更明顯。a.understandable可理解的；b.misleading誤導(dǎo)的；c.appealing有吸引力的；d.noticeable明顯的。上文說(shuō)“你調(diào)查所有的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的話，有可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)……”，可知“如果你接著調(diào)查的話，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象更明顯（noticeable）”，上下文兩句進(jìn)行對(duì)比之后更明顯。故選d?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：有人猜測(cè)某種星座的人具備更高的足球技能。a.promises使很可能，預(yù)示；b.improves提高，改進(jìn)；c.compromises妥協(xié)；d.masters掌握。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指某種星座預(yù)示（promises）某人可能具備的才能。故選a?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：他的第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)涉及到記憶訓(xùn)練，讓一個(gè)人聽到并重復(fù)一系列隨機(jī)的數(shù)字。a.numbers數(shù)字；b.subjects主題；c.memory記憶；d.practice練習(xí)。根據(jù)后面的“trainingapersontohearandrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.”以及后面的“thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingmemoryitself”可知，進(jìn)行的記憶訓(xùn)練（memorytraining）。故選c。【24題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：這一成功，連同后來(lái)的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了記憶本身不是由遺傳決定。a.physically身體上；b.genetically遺傳上；c.fundamentally基本上；d.psychologically心理上。根據(jù)本句后的“theactofmemorizingisacognitive(iina)exercise,whichmeanswhateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferences”即記憶過(guò)程是一種認(rèn)知練習(xí)，而不是一種本能練習(xí)，可知，這不是由遺傳（genetically）決定的。故選b。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：換句話說(shuō)，無(wú)論兩個(gè)人在記憶力能力上可能存在怎樣的天生差異，這些差異都會(huì)被每個(gè)人恰當(dāng)?shù)亍敖庾x”所記的信息所掩蓋。a.overshadow掩蓋，遮蔽；b.demonstrated描述，顯示；c.strengthened加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化；d.produced生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容即是這些差異，會(huì)被人后來(lái)的理解所掩蓋（overshadow）。故選a?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：埃里克森認(rèn)為，了解如何有意義地解讀信息的最佳方法是一種被稱為刻意練習(xí)的過(guò)程。a.enormous許多的；b.deliberate故意的；c.desperate沮喪的；d.persistent執(zhí)著的，不屈不撓的。根據(jù)“itinvolvesmorethansimplyrepeatingatask”可知，這里涉及到反復(fù)的背誦，背誦就是刻意的、故意的（deliberate）。故選b?！?7題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：它不僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單地重復(fù)一個(gè)任務(wù)，例如彈100次c小調(diào)，練習(xí)擊球一直到肩膀脫臼。a.onaverage平均；b.moreimportantly更重要的是；c.forinstance例如；d.inparticular尤其，特別。后面的100次彈奏就是一個(gè)事例。故選c?！?8題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：更確切地說(shuō)，它涉及到走出你的舒適區(qū)，設(shè)定具體和明確的目標(biāo)，專注于有針對(duì)性的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，從專業(yè)人士那里獲得即時(shí)的反饋，關(guān)注技術(shù)和結(jié)果。a.besides此外；b.nevertheless盡管如此，不過(guò)；c.therefore因此；d.rather(糾正所說(shuō)的話或提供更確切的信息)更確切地講，更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)。根據(jù)前面的“involvesmorethansimplyrepeatingatask”可知，涉及的不僅僅是單純的重復(fù)，下面提供更確切的信息，即更確切地說(shuō)（rather）。故選d?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：設(shè)定具體和明確的目標(biāo)，專注于有針對(duì)性的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識(shí)……a.various不同的；b.comprehensive綜合的，全面的；c.targeted有針對(duì)性的；d.minor次要的，較小的。根據(jù)空前空后的“specificandwell-definedgoals”，“areasofexpertise,”可知，本空指應(yīng)該是有針對(duì)性的（targeted）。故選c?！?0題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：因此，埃里克森和他的同事們開始尋找在足球、高爾夫、國(guó)際象棋、鋼琴演奏和飛鏢等廣泛領(lǐng)域取得高成就的人。a.pursuits尋找，追求；b.occupations職業(yè)；c.performances表現(xiàn)；d.assumptions假設(shè)。根據(jù)后面的賓語(yǔ)可知，此處是尋找（pursuits）人。故選a?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：人震驚的結(jié)論：我們通常所說(shuō)的天賦特征被嚴(yán)重高估了。a.underestimate低估的；b.overrated高估的；c.flexible靈活的；d.demanding要求高的。根據(jù)后面一段“expertperformersarenearlyalwaysmade”可知，“專家級(jí)的表演都是制造出來(lái)的”可推斷出“天賦被高估了（overrated）”，故選b?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：埃里克森的公式對(duì)于許多“虎爸虎媽”來(lái)說(shuō)是可取的?！笆炷苌伞弊匀槐然驔Q定論更受歡迎。a.equal平等的；b.inferior較低的；c.preferable更可取的；d.beneficial有益的。后一句“熟能生巧”對(duì)于想培養(yǎng)好孩子的父母來(lái)說(shuō)，自己的孩子不夠聰明，可通過(guò)后面的訓(xùn)練來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此這一點(diǎn)自然比基因決定論更受歡迎，可知，對(duì)“虎爸虎媽”來(lái)說(shuō)是更可取的（preferable）。故選c。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：很多人認(rèn)為先天的能力并不重要，但他們相信，只要努力，就能把孩子培養(yǎng)成鋼琴演奏家或奧運(yùn)會(huì)花樣滑冰選手。a.dismissing摒棄，對(duì)……不屑一提；b.lacking缺乏；c.recognizing意識(shí)到；d.highlighting強(qiáng)調(diào)。他們認(rèn)為只要努力就能把孩子培養(yǎng)好，所以他們對(duì)于先天的能力不重視，即不屑一提（dismissing）。故選a。【34題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：然而，埃里克森認(rèn)為，父母應(yīng)該從這門專業(yè)科學(xué)中學(xué)到的不是重復(fù)數(shù)千小時(shí)工作的效果。a.likewise同樣地，類似的；b.therefore因此；c.besides此外；d.however然而。根據(jù)本空前后的句子可知，此處是指轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，要用however。故選d?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：而是如何讓孩子去做。讓孩子樂于接受有效的實(shí)踐是重要的，也是挑戰(zhàn)。a.study研究；b.practice練習(xí)；c.reflect反思；d.embrace擁抱，欣然接受，樂意采納(思想、建議等)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，讓學(xué)生知道如何努力，要接受（embrace）成功在于有效的實(shí)踐。故選d。sectionb.passages(a)iwasatthefuneralofmydearestfriend-mymother.shefinallyhadlostherlongbattlewithcancer.thehurtwassointense;ifoundithardtobreatheattimes.alwayssupportive,motherclappedloudestatmyschoolplays,heldtheboxoftissueswhilelisteningtomyfirstheartbreak,comfortedmeatmyfather'sdeath,andprayedformemyentirelifewhenmother'sillnesswasdiagnosed,mysisterhadanewbabyandmybrotherhadrecentlymarriedhischildhoodsweetheart,soitfellonmethe27-year-oldmiddlechild,totakecareofher.icounteditanhonor.myplacehadbeenwithourmother,preparingher.meals,takinghertothedoctor,readingthebibletogether.nowshewasinheaven.myworkwasfinished,butiwasalonedeepinsorrow,suddenly,iheardadooropenandslamshutatthebackofthechurch.quickfootstepshurriedalongthecarpetedfloor.ayoungmanlookedaroundbrieflyandthensatnexttome.hefoldedhishandsandplacedthemonhislap.hiseyesstartedtobefilledwithtears."i’mlate”,heexplained,thoughnoexplanationwasnecessary."afterseveraleulogies(悼詞),heleanedoverandcommented,"whydotheykeepcallingmarybythenameofmargaret?"because,thatwashername,margaret.nevermary.”iwhispered,wonderingwhothestrangerwasanyway."isn'tthisthelutheranchurch?""no,thelutheranchurchisacrossthestreet.""ibelieveyou'reatthewrongfuneralsir."thesolemnness(莊重)oftheoccasionmixedwiththerealizationoftheman'smistakebubbledupinsidemeandcameoutaslaughter:sharplooksfromothermourners(x4)onlymadethesituationseemmorestupid.ipeekedattheconfused,misguidedmanseatedbesideme.hewaslaughingtoo,asheglancedaround,decidingitwastoolateforanuneventfulexit.iimaginedmotherlaughing.atthefinal'amen,werushedoutadoorandintotheparkinglot."idobelievewe'llbethetalkofthetown.bytheway,mynameisrick.hesmiledthatafternoonbeganalifelongjourneyformewiththismanwhoattendedthewrongfuneral,butwasintherightplace.ayearafterourmeeting,weweremarriedatacountrychurch.thistimewebotharrivedatthesamechurch,rightontime.inmytimeofsorrow,godgavemelaughter.inplaceofloneliness,godgavemelove.thispastjune,wecelebratedourtwenty-secondweddinganniversary.wheneveranyoneasksushowwemetricktellsthem,hermotherandmyauntmaryintroducedus,andit'strulyamatchmadeinheaven36.onlyauthorcouldtakecareofhermommainlybecause________.a.shewastheonlychildinthefamilyb.alovelybabycameintoherbrother’sfamilyc.shewastheonlychildwithoutanewfamily’sburdend.hermomlovedhermuchmorethanotherchildren37.whatcanweinferfromthepassage?a.theauthorandrickmet22yearsagoforthefirsttimeb.theauthorwassupposedtohavebeeninlutheranchurchc.margaretshouldbethenameofrick’saunt.d.themournersconsideredtheauthor’sjoyimproper.38.whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?a.hoperemainingatthefuneralb.aheavenlyencounterc.twofuneralsatonetimed.seekinggod'severlastinglove【答案】36.c37.d38.b【解析】【分析】本文為記敘文。作者的朋友在媽媽的葬禮上，遇到一個(gè)走錯(cuò)教堂的陌生人，他們由此相識(shí)并在一年后結(jié)了婚。作者認(rèn)為是上帝在她悲傷的時(shí)候，上帝給了她歡笑，上帝給了她愛。天堂的媽媽介紹他們認(rèn)識(shí)的，是天作之合?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“whenmother'sillnesswasdiagnosed,mysisterhadanewbabyandmybrotherhadrecentlymarriedhischildhoodsweetheart,soitfellonmethe27-year-oldmiddlechild,totakecareofher..nowshewasinheaven.myworkwasfinished,butiwasalone”這句是說(shuō)“當(dāng)母親的病被診斷出來(lái)的時(shí)候，我姐姐剛生了一個(gè)孩子，我哥哥剛和他青梅竹馬的戀人結(jié)婚，所以照顧她的責(zé)任落在了我這個(gè)27歲的老二身上。送走了母親，我是獨(dú)自一人”以及最后一段作者說(shuō)她和走錯(cuò)路的人結(jié)成夫妻，由此可推斷出當(dāng)時(shí)姐姐和哥哥都有家庭負(fù)擔(dān)，只有我是獨(dú)自一人，沒有家庭負(fù)擔(dān)，因此我承擔(dān)了照顧母親的責(zé)任。分析選項(xiàng)可知c項(xiàng)符合題意。故選c?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第九段“ibelieveyou'reatthewrongfuneral,sir.”和第十段“thesolemnness(莊重)oftheoccasionmixedwiththerealizationoftheman'smistakebubbledupinsidemeandcameoutaslaughter:sharplooksfromothermournersonlymadethesituationseemmorestupid.”此處是指有一個(gè)人走錯(cuò)了教堂，參加錯(cuò)了葬禮，作者認(rèn)為這種嚴(yán)肅的場(chǎng)合，出現(xiàn)了這種錯(cuò)誤，作者笑出來(lái)。其他悼念者用犀利眼神看著我，可推知，“媽媽的葬禮自己笑出來(lái)”是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。故選d?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。本文敘述作者的朋友在母親葬禮上，遇到了一個(gè)人走錯(cuò)了教堂，參加錯(cuò)了的葬禮，由此兩人認(rèn)識(shí)了。一年后，他們結(jié)婚了。尤其是最后一段最后一句“wheneveranyoneasksushowwemetricktellsthem,hermotherandmyauntmaryintroducedus,andit'strulyamatchmadeinheaver”可知，作者認(rèn)為他們倆的相識(shí)是媽媽和瑪麗阿姨（這兩人當(dāng)時(shí)已在天國(guó)）介紹我們認(rèn)識(shí)，真是天堂般的邂逅。可知，b項(xiàng)aheavenlyencounter（這是天堂般的邂逅）符合題意。故選b。?！军c(diǎn)睛】推理判斷試題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。這種題型包括判斷題和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。根據(jù)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，推斷合理信息。第一題屬于推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“whenmother'sillnesswasdiagnosed,mysisterhadanewbabyandmybrotherhadrecentlymarriedhischildhoodsweetheart,soitfellonmethe27-year-oldmiddlechild,totakecareofher..nowshewasinheaven.myworkwasfinished,butiwasalone”這句是說(shuō)“當(dāng)母親的病被診斷出來(lái)的時(shí)候，我姐姐剛生了一個(gè)孩子，我哥哥剛和他青梅竹馬的戀人結(jié)婚，所以照顧她的責(zé)任落在了我這個(gè)27歲的老二身上。送走了母親，我是獨(dú)自一人”以及最后一段作者說(shuō)她和走錯(cuò)路的人結(jié)成夫妻，由此可推斷出當(dāng)時(shí)姐姐和哥哥都有家庭負(fù)擔(dān)，只有我是獨(dú)自一人，沒有家庭負(fù)擔(dān)，因此我承擔(dān)了照顧母親的責(zé)任。分析選項(xiàng)可知c項(xiàng)符合題意。故選c。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是說(shuō)，要做到判斷有據(jù),推論有理,忠實(shí)原文。切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。(b)thecloserelationshipbetweenspeakersandtheirspeechhasledsomescholarstosuggestthatlanguagedeterminestheviewwehaveoftheworldaroundus.differentlanguagessegmentnaturalphenomenadifferently.wenamesevencolorsintherainbow:violet,indigo,blue,green,yellow,orangeandred.speakersofotherlanguagesmayseeonlyfour,asdidturkishbeforeoursystemwasintroduced,orevenasfewastwo,roughlythelightershadesversusthedarker.thereisnothinginnaturetodemonstratehowweshouldchopupthespectrumoftherainbow,butwhenwehavelearnedagivenlanguage,wedistinguishtheshadesitdesignates,bothintherainbowandelsewherestudentsoflanguageassumefromsuchasituationthatlanguagedeterminesmuchoftheandpatternsweseeintheworldaroundus,andthatitdirectsourconceptsandactionschangesinthechoiceoflanguage,then,mightmodifybehavior.todaygasolinetrucksaregenerallylabeled"flammable(易燃的)".thein-prefixwastakenasequivalenttothatofwordslike"inactive",wherein-meansnot".itisactuallythein-ofwordslike"intense",whereitstrengthensthemeaning.theword"inflammable",then,means"highlyflammable"thefaultyinterpretationoflanguage,however,determinedtheattitudesofmanyspeakers,whothenadjustedtheirbehaviorinrelationtothelanguage.prudenttruckownershavetakennoticeandchangedthewarningto“flammable"suchobservationsledwhorftoaconceptwithdeeperpatternsoflanguage,suchastheuseoftensesinthelanguageofeurope.tenseisthelinguisticexpressionortime.englishandothereuropeanlanguagesgenerallyrequiretheirspeakerstoidentifythetimeofanevent,whetherpresent:itisraining;past:itrained;orfuture:itwillrain.bycontrast,manylanguages,suchasthehopilanguageofnewmexico,lackexpressionfortense.nordosuchlanguagesobjectifytime.inhopionecannotcountdays,minutes,yearsasthoughtheywereobjectslikestones.everydayexpressionslike"threeyearswentby"areimpossibleinhopi.comparingsuchlanguages,whorfproposedthat"ouruseoftenseorourobjectifiedviewoftimeisfavorabletohistoricityset)andtoeverythingconnectedwiththekeepingofrecords."thatistosay,becauseofthepatternsforreferringtotimeinenglishandotherlanguages,theirspeakersmaintainrecordsandemphasizebookkeeping,accounting,andthelike.inaccordancewithit,onesconceptionoftheworldisrelativetothelanguageonelearnswhiletherelativityhypothesis(假設(shè))hasattractedconsiderableattention,ithasneverbeenexperimentallydemonstratedtothevalid.alargescaleattempttotesttheoutlookofhopi-speakingchildrenversusenglishspeakingchildrenturnedouttobeinconclusive.itremainsataskoffuturescholarstodeterminewhetherthehypothesisisvalidandalsowhetheroneshouldassumeaweakorstrongpositionwithregardtoit.clearlywearedeeplytiedtoournativelanguage.butwhetheritregulatesourperceptionsorourview