2019年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（全國卷I）英語注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inaclassroom. B.Inahospital. C.Inamuseum.2.WhatdoesJackwanttodo?A.Takefitnessclasses. B.Buyapairofgymshoes. C.Changehisworkschedule.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whattodrink. B.Wheretomeet. C.Whentoleave.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues. B.Classmates. C.Strangers.5.WhyisEmilymentionedintheconversation?A.Shemightwantaticket. B.Sheislookingfortheman. C.Shehasanextraticket.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.HowlongdidJamesrunhisbusiness?A.10years. B.13years. C.15years.7.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames’situation?A.Embarrassed. B.Concerned. C.Disappointed.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhathasKate’smotherdecidedtodo?A.Returntoschool. B.Changeherjob. C.Retirefromwork.9.WhatdidKate’smotherstudyatcollege?A.Oilpainting. B.Arthistory. C.Businessadministration.10.WhatisKate’sattitudetowardhermother’sdecision?A.Disapproving. B.Ambiguous. C.Understanding.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisthemandoing?A.Chairingameeting. B.Hostingaradioprogram. C.Conductingajobinterview.12.WhatbenefitsMarymostinherjob?A.Herwidereading. B.Herleaders’guidance. C.Herfriends’help.13.WhowillMarytalkaboutnext?A.Herteacher. B.Herfather. C.Hermother.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whydoesthemanseldomdoexercise?A.Helacksmotivation. B.Hehasaheartproblem. C.Heworksallthetime.15.WhatdoesJacobSattelmairprobablydo?A.He’sanathlete. B.He’saresearcher. C.He’sajournalist.16.Whydoesthewomanspeakofastudy?A.Toencouragetheman. B.Torecommendanexercise. C.Tosupportherfindings.17.Howmuchtimewillthemanprobablyspendexercisingweekly?A.300minutes. B.150minute. C.75minutes.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdidthescientistsdototheroad?A.Theyrepairedit. B.Theypaintedit. C.Theyblockedit19.Whyareyoungbirdsdrawntotheroadsurface?A.It’swarm. B.It’sbrown. C.It’ssmooth.20.Whatisthepurposeofthescientists’experiment?A.Tokeepthebirdsthereforawholeyear.B.Tohelpstudentsstudythebirdswell.C.Topreventthebirdsfrombeingkilled.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ANeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible（符合條件）forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15—18yearsoldinselectcommunities（社區(qū)）.SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15—29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities（機會）ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15—18. B.15—24. C.15—29. D.16—17.23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth. B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.BForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’snervous.＂I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…＂Christripsonthe＂-ld,＂apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.＂…Votefor…me…＂Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.＂Ittakesalotforanystudent,＂Whaleyexplains,＂especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’＂Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）aboutthemselves.＂Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,＂Whaleysays,＂isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.＂24.WhatmadeChrisnervous？A.Tellingastory. B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest. D.Answeringaquestion.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂stumbles＂inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners. C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths B.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous. B.Ambitious. C.Caring. D.Demanding.CAsdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物測量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（裝置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（節(jié)奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword＂touch＂fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys. B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem. D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It’llbeenvironment-friendly. B.It’llreachconsumerssoon.C.It’llbemadeofplastics. D.It’llhelpspeeduptyping.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.DDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小學）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are＂mostlikelytoengage（從事）indangerousandriskybehavior.＂Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（調(diào)查研究）.＂Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,＂hesaid.32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto＂gooutandgetsomefreshair＂.36Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.37Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles（肌肉）andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing（治愈）.38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood（情緒）.Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They41withthemlotsofwaste.The42mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers（冰川）aredisappearing,changingthe43ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories,I’m44abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas＂purer＂naturalexperiences.However,Isoon45thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof46amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda47mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare48buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe49.ThebestofaKilimanjaro50,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare51asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This52isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas53gothroughfiveecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,54landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather55—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I56twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland57:gravel（礫石）,stonesandrocks.58youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith59snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro60itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.41.A.keep B.mix C.connect D.bring42.A.stories B.buildings C.crowds D.reporters43.A.position B.age C.face D.name44.A.silent B.skeptical C.serious D.crazy45.A.discover B.argue C.decide D.advocate46.A.equipment B.grass C.camps D.stones47.A.remote B.quiet C.all D.clean48.A.new B.special C.significant D.necessary49.A.payingoff B.spreadingout C.blowingup D.fadingaway50.A.atmosphere B.experience C.experiment D.sight51.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded52.A.view B.quality C.reason D.purpose53.A.scientists B.climbers C.locals D.officials54.A.holdingonto B.goingbackto C.livingupto D.givingwayto55.A.changes B.clears C.improves D.permits56.A.match B.imagine C.count D.add57.A.village B.desert C.road D.lake58.A.Obviously B.Easily C.Consequently D.Finally59.A.permanent B.little C.fresh D.artificial60.A.enjoy B.deserve C.save D.acquire第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1．每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.Suddenlyfootballfeeljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.Toeveryone`ssurprising,theballwentintothenet.Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.Fromnowon,Istartedtoplaymyfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.Iamagoodplayernow.第二節(jié)書面表達（滿分25分）假定你是李華，暑假在倫敦學習，得知當?shù)孛佬g(shù)館要舉辦中國畫展。請寫一封信申請做志愿者，內(nèi)容包括：1．寫信目的：2．個人優(yōu)勢：3．能做的事情。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．結(jié)束語已為你寫好。2019年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試題參考答案第一部分聽力1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C11.B 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.C第二部分閱讀理解21.B 22.D 23.D 24.B 25.A26.A 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.B31.D 32.C 33.A 34.B 35.A36.E 37.A 38.G 39.C 40.D第三部分語言知識運用41.D 42.C 43.C 44.B 45.A46.C 47.D 48.C 49.A 50.B51.D 52.A 53.B 54.D 55.A56.C 57.B 58.D 59.A 60.B61.that 62.poorly 63.of/for 64.toperform 65.havereported66.belief 67.noting 68.higher 69.the 70.are第四部分寫作第一節(jié)Ibecameinplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.OneafternoonIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.Suddenlyfootballfelljustinfrontofmealmosthitme.Istoppedtheballandkickeditbacktotheplayground.Toeveryone’s,theballwentintothenet.Allthefootballontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,thatIhadatalentforfootball.Fromon,Istartedtoplayfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.Iamagoodplayernow.第二節(jié)（略）高考英語沖刺講義一、名詞和主謂一致I.名詞的種類專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團體機構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞特別注意名詞類別的相互轉(zhuǎn)換個體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換例句意義名詞性質(zhì)①Sheheldsomeflowersinherhand.②Thetreesarenowinflower花兒個體名詞開花抽象名詞①Youthisbeautiful.②Heisayouthoftwenty青春抽象名詞年輕人個體名詞①Theyhaveachievedremarkablesuccessintheirwork.②—HowabouttheChristmaseveningparty?—Ishouldsayitwasasuccess.成功抽象名詞成功的事個體名詞物質(zhì)名詞與個體名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換例句意義名詞性質(zhì)①Ironisakindofmetal.②Pleaselendmeyouriron.鐵物質(zhì)名詞熨斗個體名詞①Hebrokeapieceofglass.②Hebrokeaglass.玻璃物質(zhì)名詞玻璃杯個體名詞①Iboughtachickenthismorning②Pleasehelpyourselftosomechicken小雞個體名詞雞肉物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞與個體名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換具有動作意義的抽象名詞加用與某些動詞（如：have等）連用，表示某一次短暫的動作①—I’dlike______informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.—Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.HemightbehelpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②Theysentuswordofthelatesthappenings.消息（抽象名詞）A.aB.anC./D.the③Couldwehavewordbeforeyougotothemeeting?話（個體名詞）A.aB.anC./D.the類例：haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/adiscussion/alooktakeawalk/abathmakeanadvance(進步)/makeanearlystart(早點出發(fā))/makeadecision/makeachange/giveacryofpain(發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲)/giveatry表示知識和時間的抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞時可以用來表示其中的一部分①Manypeopleagreethat___knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.A.a,/B.the,anC.the,theD./,theaknowledgeoftruth(知道實際情況)giveafullerknowledgeofChina(提供關(guān)于中國更為翔實的知識)haveaknowledgeofshorthand(有速記的知識)②Iftherewerenoexamination,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime③ismoney.A.ThetimeB.AtimeC.TimeD.Times抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞可用來表示“一次、一陣、一種”具體的行為、事件、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果。這時名詞前往往有形容詞修飾①Oh,John._____yougaveme!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise②ShelookedupwhenIshouted.A.inasurpriseB.inthesurpriseC.insurpriseD.insomesurprise其它例子：Thegiftcameasacompletesurprisetome.Wehavehadsomeunpleasantsurprise③Itis_____workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusualII.名詞的數(shù)規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式：名詞的復數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es（參看有關(guān)語法書）。英語里有些名詞的復數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，請看下表規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2單復數(shù)相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,species3只有復數(shù)形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復數(shù)people,police,cattle,staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復數(shù)（成員）audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6復數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)),forces(軍隊),times(時代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件報紙),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟)7表示“某國人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans單復數(shù)同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)womensingers,menservantsIII.主謂一致規(guī)則情況舉例語法一致原則以單數(shù)名詞或代詞動詞不定式短語，動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。whatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfulforyou.由連接詞and或both…and連接起來的主語后面，要用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。但若所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,every或morethana(an)/one,manya(an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。either,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,anyno,every構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。.LucyandLilyaretwinsThewriterandartisthascome.Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.Manyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.Noboyandnogirllikesit.Eachofushasanewbook.Iseveryoneheretoday?Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everythingaroundusismatter若noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以。Noneofthesugarwasleft.Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.在定語從句里，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.在強調(diào)句型中應(yīng)與被強調(diào)部分一致ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.Itiswewhoaregoingtothecinematonight.如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.Thecattleareeatinggrassinthefield.Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth.(他的一家)HisfamilyarewatchingTV.（他的家人）Classfourisonthethirdfloor.（四班）ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.（四班的學生）由alotof/lotsof/plentyof/aheapof/heapsof/therestof/themajorityof+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.此外，還有anumberof+復數(shù)名詞有類似的用法（用復數(shù)），但thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number而定（用單數(shù)）。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmerpickapples.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.邏輯意義一致原則What,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?AreanyofyougoodatEnglish?Hasanyofyougotapen?Allcanbedonehasbeendone.Allisgoingwell.Allhavebeentakenout.AllhavegonetoBeijing.表示時間重量長度價值等的名詞的復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體。Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework..Twentypoundsistoodear.如強調(diào)這類詞的復數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式Fortykilosofwaterareusedeveryday.若英語是書名名格言劇名報名國名等的復數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。TheUnitedStatesissmallerthanChina.“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.表數(shù)量的短語“oneandahalf”后面接復數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.一些學科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等。都屬于形式上是復數(shù)的名詞，實際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.這家造紙廠建于1990年。Idon’tthinkphysicsiseasytostudy.trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors(剪刀)等詞作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a(the)pairof等量詞修飾時（clothes被asuitof修飾）謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人動詞用復數(shù)；若表示某一類東西時，動詞用單數(shù)。Theoldaretakengoodcareofthere.Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.就近/遠一致原則當兩個主語由eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,w