外刊精讀世界著名景點為控制游客數(shù)量出新招導(dǎo)讀：隨著旅游大眾化，國際旅游人數(shù)不斷增加，世界各地的著名景點變得越來越擁擠。限制參觀人數(shù)，對游客收取城市稅、占用稅……本期“外刊精讀”介紹各國著名景點應(yīng)對游客潮所采取的相應(yīng)措施，以保護這些歷史名勝和必看景點。一、語篇泛讀Iloveholidays!There’snothingbetterthan

jettingoff

toaforeigndestinationtovisitthe

attractions

ithasonoffer.Ofcourse,I’mnotalone.Millionsofpeoplearedoingthesame,andwhynot?Theworldhasanamazingvarietyof

must-seesights,from

breathtaking

naturalscenerytoimpressiveoldcities.Buttheproblemisthattoomanyofusarevisitingthematthesametime,puttingpressureonthesedelicateand

ancient

places.That’swhyanumberof

beautyspots

and

historicsites

havebeenintroducing

charges

or

restrictions

onthetouristswhovisit.Therearemanyreasonsforthis:toreduce

overcrowding,whichcanspoiltheambienceofaplace,tomanage

wearandtear

onoldcrumblingbuildings,totidyupthemessthatvisitorsleavebehind,or–assomemaysuggest–creating

touristtraps

tomakemoremoneyoutofthevisitors.ThefamousItaliancityofVenicewithits

picturesque

canalshas,forexample,introducedanentryfeeofupto€10for

short-stay

tourists.Venetianshavelongcomplainedthat

masstourism

isswampingthecity.Now,passengersarrivingbycruiseshipwillhavetopaya‘landingtax’whichMayorLuigiBrugnarosays,“wouldgeneratemuch-neededincometokeepthecityclean.”ManycitiesinEuropealreadychargean

occupancytax

ontouristswhostayinhotelsandguesthouses.IntheUK,Edinburghishopingtodothesame,controversiallymakingitthefirstcityinthecountrytodoso.This

levy,thatisusuallychargedperpersonpernightof

accommodation,raisesmoneytohelpprotecttheenvironment,payfor

infrastructure,orpromotetourism.InItaly’scapitalcity,Rome,newlawsarebeingintroducedtoclampdownonbadtouristbehavior,whichsomeargueisspoilingthelookandfeelofthecity.Rulesincludebanningdrinkingwaterfromfountainsandattaching‘lovepadlocks’tobridges.

Asmoreofuscannowaffordtotravel,touristdestinationsaregoingtogetbusier,somaybenewlawsandtaxesaregoingtobeanecessarypartofthe

sightseeing

experience.二、詞匯表jetoff乘飛機旅行attraction景點must-seesight必看景點breathtaking美得驚人的ancient古老的beautyspot美景historicsite古跡charge收費restriction限制overcrowding過度擁擠wearandtear損耗，消耗touristtrap旅游陷阱picturesque圖畫般的，美麗的short-stay只在某處短暫停留的masstourism大眾旅游landingtax入境稅（乘船進入威尼斯的游客需交納的稅費）occupancytax占用稅levy稅款accommodation住宿infrastructure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施lovepadlock同心鎖sightseeing觀光，游覽三、測試與練習(xí)

閱讀課文并回答問題。1.Accordingtothearticle,whatiscausingdamagetodelicateandancientplaces?2.Whowillhavetopaythenew‘landingtax’whenvisitingVenice?3.Trueorfalse?

EdinburghwillsoonbetheonlycityinEuropetochargeataxonpeoplestayinginhotels

andguesthouses.4.Whatcanyounolongerdowith‘lovepadlocks’inRome?5.Whichwordinthearticlemeans‘characterandatmosphereofaplace’?請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。1.Weclimbedupaveryhighmountainandtheviewsfromthetopwere_______.pictures

breathtaking

beautyspots

sightseeing2.Ican’twaituntilSaturdaywhenweare

_______totheCaribbean–twoweeksonthebeachandnowork!jetoff

jetsoff

jettingoff

offjetting3.The

_______wasn’tgreat,whichmadetravellingaroundthecountryhardwork.must-seesights

sightseeing

infrastructure

tourism4.Ourholidaywasn’tgreat.Thetownwestayedinhadbeenspoiledby_______

–ithadnoauthenticlocalcharacter.masstourism

massedtourism

masstourist

masstouring5.Forsome,NiagaraFallsisa

_______whenonholidayintheUSA.beautyspot

historicsite

sightseeing

must-seesight參考答案

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatiscausingdamagetodelicateandancientplaces?Thelargenumberoftouristsis

puttingpressureonthesedelicateandancientplaces.2.WhichvisitorstoVenicewillhavetopaythenew‘landingtax’?Passengersarrivingbycruiseshipwillnowhavetopaya‘landingtax’.3.Trueorfalse?

EdinburghwillsoonbetheonlycityinEuropetochargeataxonpeoplestayinginhotelsandguesthouses.False.EdinburghwillbethefirstplaceintheUKtointroduceanoccupancytax.4.

Whatcanyounolongerdowith‘lovepadlocks’inRome?Newlawsbanattaching‘lovepadlocks’tobridgesinRome.5.Whichwordinthearticlemeans‘characterandatmosphereofaplace’?Ambience.“

Toreduceovercrowdingwhichcanspoiltheambienceofaplace.”

請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。1.Weclimbedupaveryhighmountainandtheviewsfromthetopwere

breathtaking.2.Ican’twaituntilSaturdaywhenweare

jettingoff

totheCaribbean–twoweeksonthebeachandnowork!3.The

infrastructure

wasn’tgreat,whichmadetravellingaroundthecountryhardwork.4.Ourholidaywasn’tgreat.Thetownwestayedinhadbeenspoiledby

masstourism

–ithadnoauthenticlocalcharacter.5.Forsome,NiagaraFallsisa

must-seesight

whenonholidayintheUSA.誰還在吸煙？導(dǎo)讀：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管有大量的警示告誡人們吸煙有害健康，目前全球十分之一的死亡是由吸煙導(dǎo)致。作為解決可預(yù)防疾病健康誘因措施的一部分，目前，英國政府承諾到2030年在英格蘭全面停止吸煙。但為什么有些人還在吸煙呢？“外刊精讀”討論這背后的原因，以及幫助人們戒煙的舉措。一、語篇泛讀IfyouwalkedintoacafeorpubintheUKafewyearsago,chanceswereyou’denteraroomfilledwith

cigarettesmoke.The

aroma

ofburning

tobacco

lingeredonyourclothesfortherestofdayandyourhealthtookabatteringfrom

passivesmoking.It’snowonderthatinmanycountriessmokinginpublicplaceshasnowbeenbanned,andthosewhochoosetodoithavetoinhaleonthepavementsoutside.Lawsrestrictingwherepeoplecan

lightup

andrepeatedhealthwarningshaveseenmanypeople

quitthehabit.Butdespiteadeclineinsmokingratesworldwide,areportpublishedinthemedicaljournalTheLancetin2017foundthatsmokingcausesoneintendeathsworldwide,halfoftheminjustfourcountries-China,India,theUSandRussia.Whenpopulationgrowthistakenintoaccount,thereisactuallyanincreaseintheoverallnumberof

smokers.Sowhy-despitethe

warningsigns

-arethesepeoplestilldoingit?Muchofitseemstobeconnectedtopeople’scultural,economicandsocialbackground.IntheUK,forexample,theOfficeforNationalStatisticsfoundthatpeoplelivingonalowincomearedisproportionatelylikelytosmoke.Andoneinfourmanualworkerssmokes,comparedwithoneintenofthoseinprofessionalormanagerialjobs.Dr.LeonieBrosefromKing'sCollegeLondon,writingaboutthisfortheBBC,saysthereare“startling”regionalvariationswithmanymorepregnantwomensmokingindeprivedareas.Andpeoplewithmentalhealthproblemsare“50%morelikelytosmokethantherestofthepopulation”.Shesuggeststhesegroupscanhavehigherlevelsofdependence,makingitharder

togiveup

andarealsomorelikelytobearoundothersmokers,makingitseemlikenormalbehavior.

Increasingthepriceofcigarettesandmaking

packaging

plaineraretwowaystodiscouragesmoking;andlower-risk

nicotinepatches

and

e-cigarettes

areavailableasanalternative,thoughtheycanbejustas

addictive.It’sobvioussomethingneedstobedoneandrecentlytheUKgovernmentpledgedtoendsmokinginEnglandby2030aspartofarangeofmeasurestotacklethecausesof

preventable

illhealth.ButasDrLeonieBrosewrites,“withmorethan200deathsinEnglandperday[causedbysmoking-relateddiseases,]that’stheequivalenttoaplanecrashingeveryday.”Imaginewhatthenumbermustbeglobally.二、詞匯表cigarettesmoke香煙的煙霧

aroma（煙草的）氣味

tobacco煙草

passivesmoking被動吸煙

inhale吸入（煙）

lightup點煙

quitthehabit戒除惡習(xí)

smoker吸煙者

warningsign警告，告誡

togiveup戒掉……

packaging包裝

nicotinepatch（貼在皮膚上幫助戒煙的）尼古丁貼片

e-cigarette電子煙

addictive使人上癮的

preventable可預(yù)防的三、測試與練習(xí)

閱讀課文并回答問題。1.What,ingeneral,haspersuadedpeopletostopsmoking?2.Accordingtoresearch,whointheUKismorelikelytosmoke?3.Trueorfalse?

Plainerpackagingmakescigarettesmoreexpensive.4.WhymightsmokingbetotallybannedinEnglandby2030?5.WhichwordusedbyDrLeonieBrosemeans‘verysurprisingandworrying’?

請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。1.WhenIvisitmylocalcafe,Ilovetobreathinthe_______offreshlybrewedcoffee.inhale

tobacco

aroma

addictive2.Mydoctorhastoldmetoloseweight,soIhavedecidedto_______eatingbiscuits.givingup

giveup

givenup

gaveup3.It’snotfair!Iseemtohave_______moreworktodothanmycolleagues.disproportionately

disproportion

disproportioned

disproportioning4.Someexpertssaythepowerindustry’s_______oncoalneedstochangetohelpclimatechange.preventable

addictive

disproportionately

dependence5.Oneofourinvestorsmissedthe_______andlostallhismoneybyinvestingitonthestockmarket.warnedsigns

warningsigns

warnsigns

warningsign參考答案閱讀課文并回答問題。1.What,ingeneral,haspersuadedpeopletostopsmoking?Lawsrestrictingwherepeoplecansmokeandrepeatedhealthwarningshave

seen

manypeoplequitthehabit.2.Accordingtoresearch,whointheUKismorelikelytosmoke?TheOfficeforNationalStatisticsfoundthatpeoplelivingonalowincomearedisproportionatelylikelytosmoke.3.Trueorfalse?

Plainer