Unit1UrbanChallengesBook4Unit1UrbanChallengesBook4ThinkandDiscussViewingtheWorldExploringtheThemeAnalyticalListeningSharingYourIdeasEngagingFurtherListeningContentThinkandDiscussViewingtheWThink

andDiscussThinkandDiscussQuestionsInNewYorkCity,peoplewalkbyamuralbyaBraziliangraffitiartist.1.Whataresomeoftheproblemsthatmoderncitiesface?Howcancitiessolvetheseproblems?2.Wouldyoumovetoacitythatisdealingwithchallengessuchasovercrowding?Whyorwhynot?QuestionsInNewYorkCity,peoExampleAnswersSomeoftheproblemsthatmoderncitiesfaceincludetrafficandtransportationissues,airpollution,garbagecollection,expensivehousing,andcrime.Citiescansolvesomeoftheseproblemsbyprovidinggoodpublictransportation,enforcingenvironmentalprotectionlaws,providinggarbagecollectionandrecyclingprograms,andcreatingparksandothergreenspaces.1.Whataresomeoftheproblemsthatmoderncitiesface?Howcancitiessolvetheseproblems?QuestionsExampleAnswers1.Whatareso

ExampleAnswer1Iwouldmovetoacitythatisfacingproblemssuchasovercrowdingifthiscitycanprovidethebestopportunitiesforgoodemploymentaswellasgoodamenitiessuchasrestaurantsandshopping.2.Wouldyoumovetoacitythatisdealingwithchallengessuchasovercrowding?Whyorwhynot?QuestionsExampleAnswer12.Wouldyou

ExampleAnswer2IwouldnotmovetoacitythatisfacingproblemssuchasovercrowdingbecauseIdislikethenoise,pollution,andcrimethatareapartofcitylife.Iprefertoliveoutsideofabigcity.2.Wouldyoumovetoacitythatisdealingwithchallengessuchasovercrowding?Whyorwhynot?QuestionsExampleAnswer22.WouldyouExploringtheThemeExploringtheThemeArtandMusicBangkok:thecapitalcityofThailand.ItisthelargestcityinThailand,anditisalsoamajorportandeconomiccenter.ItsnameintheThailanguageisKrungThepwhichmeans“cityofangels”.曼谷（泰國首都）ArtandMusicBangkok:thecapi1.Howmanylargecitiesintheworldcanyouthinkof?Trytolistthenamesasmanyasyoucan.2.Whyaremillionsofpeopleleavingthecountrysideandmovingintocrowdedcities?3.Whatarethecausesoftrafficjamsinlargecities?Howcancitiessolvethisproblem?ArtandMusicLookatthephotosandreadthecaptions.Thendiscussthequestions.1.HowmanylargecitiesinthAviewofLosAngeles,California,asmoggycityintheUnitedStatesArtandMusicAviewofLosAngeles,CaliforCarsfillthestreetsofBangkok,Thailand.Ascitiesgetlarger,newchallengessuchastrafficjamsbecomeimportantissues.ArtandMusicCarsfillthestreetsofBangkCrowdsfillarailroadstationinGuangdong,China.Astheworld’spopulationgrows,competitionforspaceisachallengeinmanylargecities.ArtandMusicCrowdsfillarailroadstation1.Howmanylargecitiesintheworldcanyouthinkof?Trytolistthenamesasmanyasyoucan.ExampleAnswersShanghai,China;SaoPaulo,Brazil;Toronto,Canada;Tokyo,Japan;Seoul,SouthKorea,London,Britain;Istanbul,Turkey;Dhaka,Bangladesh;Lagos,Nigeria,etc.ArtandMusic1.Howmanylargecitiesinth2.Whyaremillionsofpeopleleavingthecountrysideandmovingintocrowdedcities?ArtandMusicExampleAnswersMillionsofpeopleareleavingthecountrysideandmovingintocrowdedcitiesmainlyforeconomicreasons.Therearemorejobsincitiesthaninthecountryside.2.Whyaremillionsofpeople3.Whatarethecausesoftrafficjamsinlargecities?Howcancitiessolvethisproblem?ArtandMusicExampleAnswersTrafficjamsinlargecitiesarecausedbypeopletravelingfromtheirhomestotheirworkplacesinthemorningandbacktotheirhomesagainintheevening.It’snotaneasyproblemtosolve,butcitiescanlimitthedaysonwhichpeoplecanusetheircars,provideasmuchpublictransportationaspossible,anddesignstreetsandhighwaysthatcanhandlealotoftraffic.3.WhatarethecausesoftrafAnalyticalListeningAnalyticalListeningListening1innovativea.新穎的，有創(chuàng)新精神的barriern.屏障Venetiann.威尼斯人

a.威尼斯的gondolan.（意大利威尼斯運河中的）平底船triplev.(使)成為三倍revenuen.收益，收入canaln.

運河taxv.向（某人）征稅Listening1innovativea.新穎的Listening1MOSE:aflood-defenceprojectforthecityofVenice.ThenameisanacronymforModuloSperimentaleElettromeccanico,whichmeans“ExperimentalElectromechanicalModule”.Theprojectaimstobecompletedby2016.摩西計劃Listening1MOSE:aflood-defeListening1RialtoMarket:apopularmarketintheRialtodistrictofVenice,Italy.Itsfreshfish,freshfarmproduce,andexcellentrestaurantsmakeitapopulartouristdestination.里亞托市場Listening1RialtoMarket:apListening1Easter:areligiousfestivalcelebratedbyChristians.ItcelebratesJesusChrist’sdeathandresurrection(復(fù)活).TheexactdateofthefestivalvariesfromlateMarchtolateAprileachyear.復(fù)活節(jié)Listening1Easter:areligiouListening1Carnival:apopularfestivalheldinmanyCatholicChristiancountries.Peopleoftendressinunusualcostumesandcelebratebyeating,drinking,anddancinginparadesorothergatherings.狂歡節(jié)Listening1Carnival:apopulaPredictingContent.LookatthephotooftouristsinVenice.CanyouguesshowmanytouristsvisitVeniceeachyear?Howdotouristshelpthecity?Howdotheyhurtit?Discussyourideaswithapartner.Listening1ThousandsoftouristsfillthestreetsofVenice.PredictingContent.LookatthListening1ExampleAnswersIthinkalotoftouristsvisitVeniceeachyear—maybefivemillionor10milliontourists.Touristshelpthecitybyspendingmoney.Theybuysouvenirs,eatinrestaurants,andpaylocalpeopletotakethemontoursandsoon.Touristshurtthecitybyrequiringextraservicessuchasparkingandgarbagecollection.Touristsmayalsoaffectthequalityoflifeofcityresidentsifplacesgetcrowdedortrafficgetsheavybecauseofthem.Listening1ExampleAnswersA|Note-Taking.Listentothelectureintroduction.Whichspecifictopicisthislectureabout?Check(?)thecorrectanswer.ALectureListening1?a.Theproblemofflooding.?b.TheMOSEproject.?c.Problemscausedbytourists.?A|Note-Taking.ListentotheOK,everyone,whatIwanttodotodayiscontinueourdiscussionaboutcitiesandthechallengestheyface,and,I’dliketofocusonthecityofVenice,inItaly,whichisanextraordinaryexample.So,tobeginwith,let’sreviewafewofthepointswe’vediscussedsofar.Rememberthat,forcenturies,thecityhasbeenstrugglingwiththeproblemofflooding.Asyouknow,theregularfloodwaters—calledtheacquaalta—areabigprobleminthecity.YoumayalsorecallthatthegovernmenthasstartedtheinnovativeMOSEprojecttobuildwaterbarriersandstopfloodingfromtheocean.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1Tobecontinued>>>Listening1Now,floodingisanimportantissue,butmanyVenetianssaythatthecityhasmoreseriousproblemsthantheacquaaltaortheMOSEproject.Andmostoftheseproblemshavetodowithtourism.Ofcourse,tourismhasboththepositiveandnegativeside—tourismisextremelyprofitable.ButtheprobleminVeniceistoomanytourists.Listening1Now,floodingisanimportantListening1IdentifyingtheLectureTopicLectureintroductionsoftenhavetwoparts.Inthefirstpart,thespeakerprovidesbackgroundinformationaboutthetopic,orreviewswhatwascoveredinearlierlectures.Inthesecondpartoftheintroduction,thespeakerannouncesthespecifictopictheyplantodiscussandexplainshowtheywillpresenttheinformation.Correctlyidentifyingthelecturetopiccanhelpusorganizeourlecturenotes.Listening1Listening1B|ListeningforMainIdeas.Listentothelectureandcompletethemainideasabouttheproblemsandbenefitsoftourism.can’thandleso

manypeoplerevenuefoodrenthousinggettingsmallerrestorationtourismListening1B|ListeningforC|Withyourpartner,compareyouranswersfromexerciseB.Didyoubothlistthesamemainideas?Listening1C|Withyourpartner,compareD|ListeningforDetails.Readthequestionsandanswerchoices.Thenlistenagainandchoosethecorrectanswers.Listening11.HowmanytouristsvisitedVeniceinoneholidayweekend?a.60,000.b.80,000.c.21million.2.WhatisNOTfoundintheRialtoMarketarea?a.Grocerystores.b.Souvenirshops.c.Abeach.bcD|ListeningforDetails.ReadD|ListeningforDetails.Listening13.Whatdida1999lawmakeiteasiertodo?a.Convertresidencestohotelsorguesthouses.b.Increasethecostofgarbagecollection.c.Createaffordablehousingforyoungpeople.4.HowmuchrevenuedoestourisminVenicegenerateinayear?a.2millionU.S.dollars.b.20millionU.S.dollars.c.2billionU.S.dollars.acD|ListeningforDetails.ListD|ListeningforDetails.Listening15.WhatisthepopulationofVenicetoday?a.Around120,000.b.Around80,000.c.Around60,000.6.WhatdidthelecturersayabouttheunemploymentrateinVenice?a.ItishigherthanintherestofItaly.b.ItislowerthanintherestofItaly.c.Itislowerinthesummerthaninotherseasons.

cbD|ListeningforDetails.ListListening11.Basedonthelecture,whatistheattitudeofVenetianresidentstowardtourists?UseinformationfromtheListeningsectiontosupportyouranswer.2.Whatisthelecturer’sattitudeaboutVenice’sfuture?A|MakingInferences.

Discussthequestionswithyourpartner.Tobecontinued>>>Listening11.BasedontheleListening13.Lookatthecartoon.Doyouthinkitisfunny?Discussthewaysinwhichitrelatestothelectureyouhavejustheard.A|MakingInferences.

Discussthequestionswithyourpartner.Listening13.LookatthecarListening1Basedonthelecture,whatistheattitudeofVenetianresidentstowardtourists?ExampleAnswersTheresidentsofVenicemayresenttouristsfordrivingupprices,makingithardertofindhousing,andcausingsome60,000residentstoleavethecity.Incontrast,Venetianswhoworkintourismmaybethankfulthatthetouristsgivethemjobsandgivethecityalowunemploymentrate.Listening1BasedonthelectuListening12.Whatisthelecturer’sattitudeaboutVenice’sfuture?ExampleAnswersThelecturer’sattitudeaboutVenice’sfutureseemstobethatthecity’sproblemswillnotbesolvedeasilyorquickly.Listening12.WhatisthelListening13.Lookatthecartoon.Doyouthinkitisfunny?Discussthewaysinwhichitrelatestothelectureyouhavejustheard.ExampleAnswer1Yes,Ithinkthecartoonisfunnybecauseitexaggeratestheproblemofflooding.Inreality,floodingdamagesbuildingsandmightcausepeopletogettheirfeetwetonsomedays,butthefloodingisn’tsevereenoughtomakeascuba-divingsuitnecessary.Listening13.LookatthecarListening13.Lookatthecartoon.Doyouthinkitisfunny?Discussthewaysinwhichitrelatestothelectureyouhavejustheard.ExampleAnswer2No,Idon’tthinkthecartoonisfunnybecausefloodingisarealandseriousprobleminVenice—notsomethingtolaughabout.Listening13.LookatthecarListening1B|Collaboration.

Formagroupwithanotherpairofstudents.Lookatthecartoon.Asagroup,createacaptionforthecartoon.Shareyourcaptionwiththeclass.Listening1B|Collaboration.Listening1B|Collaboration.

Formagroupwithanotherpairofstudents.Lookatthecartoon.Asagroup,createacaptionforthecartoon.Shareyourcaptionwiththeclass.ExampleAnswersOh,no!Isthebasementfloodedagain?Listening1B|Collaboration.OK,everyone,whatIwanttodotodayiscontinueourdiscussionaboutcitiesandthechallengestheyface,and,I’dliketofocusonthecityofVenice,inItaly,whichisanextraordinaryexample.So,tobeginwith,let’sreviewafewofthepointswe’vediscussedsofar.Rememberthat,forcenturies,thecityhasbeenstrugglingwiththeproblemofflooding.Asyouknow,theregularfloodwaters—calledtheacquaalta—areabigprobleminthecity.YoumayalsorecallthatthegovernmenthasstartedtheinnovativeMOSEprojecttobuildwaterbarriersandstopfloodingfromtheocean.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1Tobecontinued>>>Listening1Now,floodingisanimportantissue,butmanyVenetianssaythatthecityhasmoreseriousproblemsthantheacquaaltaortheMOSEproject.Andmostoftheseproblemshavetodowithtourism.Ofcourse,tourismhasboththepositiveandnegativeside—tourismisextremelyprofitable.ButtheprobleminVeniceistoomanytourists.Forexample,in2007thenumberofVenetianresidentswas60,000.AndwhatdoyouthinkthenumberofvisitorstoVenicewasinthatyear?Twenty-onemillion!Recently,onasingleholidayweekendinMay,80,000touristsvisitedthecity.Publicparkinglotsfilledupandwereclosed.Andtouristswalkedthroughthestreetseatinganddrinkingandleavingalotoftrashbehind.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1Now,floodingisanimportantTheresultisthatVenice’scityservicesjustcan’thandlesomanypeople.Thecityhastopaymoreandmoremoneyforgarbagecollectiontocleanupallofthetrash.Inaddition,publictransportationonthefamousboatsandgondolasissocrowdedthatVenetianresidentscanbarelyfindroomtogeton.Alongwithtrashandcrowdedtransportation,cityresidentsalsohavetodealwithhigherpricesforfoodandforhousing.Foodpricescontinuetorisearoundthecity.Somecaféschargeasmuchas13U.S.dollarsforasoftdrink!IntheRialtoMarket—anareawithmanyshopsandstores—someofthegrocerystoreshavebeenTobecontinued>>>Listening1TheresultisthatVenice’scireplacedbysouvenirshops,whichmeansthatVenetianshavefewerplacestobuytheirgroceries.Inpopulartouristareas,renthasalmosttripled,andmanysmalllocalbusinesses—forexample,toystoresandhardwarestores—can’taffordtopay.LetmeaddthatthereisaserioushousingprobleminVenice.Atonetime,therewereregulationsmakingitillegaltoconvertresidentialbuildingsintohotels.Butalawin1999removedthoseregulations,andthehousingproblemgotevenworse.Sincethen,thenumberofhotelsandguesthouseshasincreasedby600percent,andthenumberofhousesthatareavailableforlocalresidentshasgonedown.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1replacedbysouvenirshops,whThesedays,housingisonlyaffordablefortheveryrichorforpeoplewhoalreadyownhousesbecausethey’vebeenpasseddownbyfamily.YoungVenetianssimplycan’taffordtobuyanypropertyinthecity.ThishasforcedahugenumberofVenetianresidentstomoveoutofthecity.Thirtyyearsago,thepopulationofVenicewasaround120,000.Nowit’slessthan60,000.So,whydoesVenicecontinuetoencouragetourismwhenitcausessomanyproblems?Mainlyit’sbecausetourisminVenicegeneratesmorethantwobillionU.S.dollarsayearinrevenue—andmanythinkthattheamountismuchhigher.Listening1Tobecontinued>>>Thesedays,housingisonlyafAlso,there’salotoffinancialpressureonVenice.Thecleaningofcanals,restorationofoldstructures,andtheMOSEprojectareallveryexpensive.Tourismbringsinmoneytohelpthecitysolvetheseproblems.AnotherpointIwanttomakeisthatmanypeopleinVenicehavejobsrelatedtotourism.Asmoretouristscometothecity,hotels,restaurants,andmuseumsneedtohiremoreworkers.Infact,thecityofVenicehasalowerunemploymentratethantherestofItaly,andit’slikelyaresultofthetourismindustry.Listening1Tobecontinued>>>Also,there’salotoffinanciSomepeoplethinkthatVeniceistoblameforitsownproblems—thattheseproblemsaretheresultofgreedfortourists’money.There’salotoftalkaboutlimitingtourists,taxingtourists,andevenaskingtouriststoavoidthebusyseasonsofEasterandCarnival.However,asyoucansee,maximizingthenumberoftouristsinVeniceisalsonecessary.So,thereseemtobenosimplesolutionstoVenice’stourismproblem.Listening1SomepeoplethinkthatVeniceListening2conformv.遵守，遵從built-upa.(區(qū)域)布滿建筑物的compatiblea.

能共存的；協(xié)調(diào)一致的internalizev.

使（信仰、價值觀等）內(nèi)在化flushv.沖洗（便池）lenienta.寬大的，仁慈的Listening2conformv.遵守，遵從Listening2LeeKuanYew(1923–):thefirstprimeministerofSingapore.Heruledfrom1959to1990andremainedpoliticallyactiveuntil2011.李光耀Listening2LeeKuanYew(1923PredictingContent.YouaregoingtolistentoaconversationaboutSingapore.Lookatthephotosonthesepagesanddiscussthequestionswithapartner.Listening21.WhataspectsofSingaporedoyouthinkwillbetalkedaboutintheconversation?2.WhydoyouthinktheMerlionwaschosenasthesymbolofSingapore?Brainstormsomeideas.PredictingContent.YouaregoListening21.WhataspectsofSingaporedoyouthinkwillbetalkedaboutintheconversation?ExampleAnswersIntheconversation,theywillprobablymentionLeeKuanYew,theMerlion,andperhapsthecrowded,urbannatureofSingapore.Listening21.WhataspectsofListening22.WhydoyouthinktheMerlionwaschosenasthesymbolofSingapore?Brainstormsomeideas.ExampleAnswersThelionisusuallyasymbolofstrengthandcourage,andsinceSingaporeisayoungandsuccessfulcountry,thelionisagoodsymbol.Theprefix“mer”referstothesea,andthelowerpartoftheMerlionlookslikeafish.ThatmaybebecauseSingaporeisanisland,andfishingcouldbeimportantthere.Listening22.WhydoyouthinAConversationBetweenClassmatesA|MeaningfromContext.Readthestatements.Thenlistentotheconversationandcheck(?)TfortrueorFforfalse.Listening21.ThewordSingaporemeans“l(fā)ioncity”.2.Singaporeisrichinnaturalresources.3.NearlyallthepeopleofSingaporebelongtooneethnicgroup.4.Singaporeisasmallcountrywithalargeeconomy.5.Thespiritofkiasuisaboutenjoyinglifeeveryminute.6.Singaporehasastrictsystemoflaws.????????????TFAConversationBetweenClassmaB|CompareyouranswerstoexerciseAwithyourpartner.Correctthefalsestatements.Listening2TheMerlion(魚尾獅)isthesymbolofSingapore.B|CompareyouranswerstoexListening2ExampleAnswers1.T2.F(Singaporedoesnothavemanynaturalresources.)3.F(ThepeopleofSingaporebelongtomanydifferentethnicgroups.)4.T5.F(Thespiritofkiasumeans“afraidtolose”.)6.TListening2ExampleAnswersC|ListeningforDetails.Readthesentences.Thenlistenagainandcompletethesentenceswithwhatyouhear.Listening21.Singaporestartedoffasa____________village.2.ThesizeofSingaporeisabout____________squaremiles(699squarekilometers).3.Singaporeis____________percenturbanized.4.Singapore’seconomywasrankedthe_________mostinnovativeeconomyintheworld.5.LeeKuanYew’sideasdominatedSingaporepoliticsfor_______years.6.Kiasumeans“afraidto_______”.7.Singaporehasoneoftheworld’sbest________________.8.Selling____________isillegalinSingapore.fishing270100second50losehealthcaresystemschewinggumC|ListeningforDetails.ReadListening2Discussion.Discussthequestionswithyourpartner.1.Doyouhavethespiritofkiasu?Whyorwhynot?2.InSingaporeyoucanbefinedforspittingonthegroundandforforgettingtoflushapublictoilet.Doyouthinkthesetypesoflawswouldbehelpfulinyourcity?Whyorwhynot?Listening2Discussion.Discus1.Doyouhavethespiritofkiasu?Whyorwhynot?ExampleAnswer1Yes,IhavethespiritofkiasubecauseIalwayswanttowin.Forexample,Iwanttogetthehighesttestscoreintheclass,orbeabetterathletethanothersontheteam.Listening21.Doyouhavethespiritofk1.Doyouhavethespiritofkiasu?Whyorwhynot?ExampleAnswer2No,Idon’thavethespiritofkiasubecauseIthinkit’sfinetowinsometimesandlosesometimes.Idon’talwaysneedtobethebeststudentintheclass,forexample.Listening21.Doyouhavethespiritofk2.InSingaporeyoucanbefinedforspittingonthegroundandforforgettingtoflushapublictoilet.Doyouthinkthesetypesoflawswouldbehelpfulinyourcity?Whyorwhynot?ExampleAnswer1Idothinkthesekindsoflawswouldbehelpfulinmycitybecausemycityisquitedirty,andthatcanbebadforpeople’shealth.Havingstrictlawsmightconvincepeopletokeepthecitycleaner.Listening22.InSingaporeyoucanbefin2.InSingaporeyoucanbefinedforspittingonthegroundandforforgettingtoflushapublictoilet.Doyouthinkthesetypesoflawswouldbehelpfulinyourcity?Whyorwhynot?ExampleAnswer2Idon’tthinkthesekindsoflawswouldbehelpfulinmycitybecausethey’relawsthataredifficulttoenforce.Peoplewouldbeunlikelytobefinedorarrestedfortheseminoroffenses,sotheywouldn’tpaymuchattentiontothelaws.Listening22.InSingaporeyoucanbefinM:Hi,Linda.I’vebeenlookingforyou.IwantedtoreturnyournotesfromthelectureonSingapore.Thanksforlettingmeborrowthem.F:Noproblem.Sorrythatyoumissedclass.Areyoufeelingbetter?M:Yes,alotbetter,thanks.Doyouhavetimetoanswerafewquestionsforme?TherewereafewthingsinyournotesthatIdidn’tunderstand.F:Sure.M:OK.Sofirst,youwrotehere“Singapura—lion”.Whatdidyoumeanbythat?Listening2Tobecontinued>>>M:Hi,Linda.I’vebeenlookinF:Oh,that’saneasyone.SingapuraistheoriginalnameforSingapore.Itmeans“l(fā)ioncity”.AndthesymbolofthecountryistheMerlion—it’sauniquecreaturewiththeheadofalionandthebodyofafish.TheheadofthelionrelatestothenameSingapura.AndthebodyofthefishisbecauseSingaporestartedoffasafishingvillage.M:Interesting.DoyourememberwhenmodernSingaporewasfounded?Icouldn’treallyreadyourhandwritinghere.F:Um,Ithinkitwas18something...maybe1819?So,youknow,it’sstillayoungcountry.M:OK.Idon’treallyunderstandthesectionofyournotesaboutSingapore’schallenges.Couldyouexplainthatabitmore?Listening2Tobecontinued>>>F:Oh,that’saneasyone.SinF:Sure.Foronething,Singaporedoesn’treallyhavemuchland,oil,wood,orothernaturalresources.Oh,andanotherthing...um,there’salsoamixofpeoplefromdifferentethnicgroupsandwithdifferentreligionsandlanguages.They’realltryingtoconformtothelawsandlivetogetherinasmallspace.M:Ididn’tknowthat.F:It’salsoareallysmallcountry—about270squaremiles,whichisthesizeofthestateofHawaii.M:Uh-huh.F:Andit’s100percenturbanized—allthepeopleliveinbuilt-upareas.YouprobablyreadinmynotesthatSingaporehasaverypowerfuleconomyforsuchasmallcountry.Listening2Tobecontinued>>>F:Sure.Foronething,SingapM:Yes,Irememberthatpart.YournotessaidthatSingaporewasrankedsecondintheworldforhavinganinnovativeeconomy.So,itseconomyiscompatiblewiththeeconomyofmanylargercountries.F:Itdefinitelyis.AndalotofpeoplethinkthatSingaporecouldn’thaveachievedthatkindofsuccesswithoutLeeKuanYew.M:Hewasthefirstprimeminister,right?F:Right.Hewasprimeministerfor,uh,30years,orsomething.Andhestayedactiveinpoliticsuntilheretired.Itwasrecently,maybe2011?So,hisideasdominatedSingaporepoliticsforover50years.M:Youknow,theSingaporeansI’vemetallworkveryhard.Theyseemtowanttobenumberoneineverything.Listening2Tobecontinued>>>M:Yes,Irememberthatpart.F:Ithinkyou’reright.It’sprobablygottodowiththespiritofkiasu.M:Kiasu?F:Yes,itmeans“afraidtolose”.It’sanideathatsomepeoplehaveinternalized,anditmakesthemworkhardtobethebest.Forexample,Singaporehasoneoftheworld’sbusiestshippingports,andithasoneoftheworld’sbesthealthcaresystems.M:That’simpressive.WhataboutthelawsinSingapore?Whatdidyouwriteaboutchewinggum?F:Well,youcan’tsellchewingguminSingapore.It’sillegal,andthepoliceenforcethatlaw.Spittingonthestreetcanalsogetyouahugefine.Andthenthere’safineforforgettingtoflushthetoiletinapublicplace.Listening2Tobecontinued>>>F:Ithinkyou’reright.It’sM:Ithinkthatthelawsseemwaytoostrict,don’tyou?F:Actually,no.Idon’tthinkso.ThoselawsmakeSingaporeoneofthecleanestandsafestplacestoliveintheworld.Inmyopinion,I’dratherhavestrictlawsandsafestreetsthanlenientlawsandmorecrime.M:Hmmm.I’mnotsosureaboutthat.Ithinkit’sadebatablepoint.ButIagreethatSingaporeisaninterestingplace.F:Definitely.M:OK,Ithinkyou’veansweredallmyquestions.F:Good.M:Thanksagainforyournotes.Seeyounextclass.F:Yes,seeyouthen.Listening2M:IthinkthatthelawsseemSharingYourIdeasSharingYourIdeasLanguageFunctionAgreeingorDisagreeingWeusemanydifferentexpressionstoagreeordisagreewithsomethingthatsomeonehassaid.Someexpressionsaremild(gentle).OdstrongAgreeIagree.Ithinksotoo.Ithinkyou’reright.Exactly!Nokidding!Youcansaythatagain!AgreeI’mnotsosure(aboutthat).That’sdebatable.Idisagree.Idon’tthinkso.Noway!That’scrazy!mildstrongLanguageFunctionmildAgreeAgreA|

Workwithyourpartner.Readthestatementsbelowaboutdifferenturbanchallenges.Doyouagreeordisagreewitheachstatement?Discussyourideaswithyourpartner.A|Workwithyourpartner.ReA|1.Itisthegovernment’sresponsibilitytoprovidefreehousingforhomelesspeople.2.Billboardsbythesideoftheroadareuglyanddistracting.Theyshouldbeillegal.

3.Petsshouldbeallowedinrestaurants,shops,andmovietheaters.4.Everyoneshouldbeallowedtoownfirearms.5.Smokingshouldbeprohibitedinallpublicplaces,bothindoorsandoutdoors.Tobecontinued>>>A|1.Itisthegovernment’srA|6.Itisimpossibleforpeoplefromdifferentethnicgroupstolivetogetherinpeace.7.Incrowdedcities,thegovernmenthastherighttolimitth