Dept.ofAnatomyZhouHongYingInternalstructuresofbrainstem

greymatterwhitematterreticularformationDept.ofAnatomyZhouHongYReviewtheexternalstructuresofbrainstem1.ImportantmarksPyramidsunderlying–pyramidal(corticospinaltract)Decussationofpyramids—Olive–withininferiorolivarynucleusGraciletubercle-fasciculusgracilisandnucleusCuneatetubercle–fasciculuscuneatusandnucleuscuneatusConvexofpon–transversepontinefiber---pontocerebellarfibers–middlecerebellarpeduncleFacialcolliculus–abducensnucleusandfibersoffacialnerve2.CNIII~XIIattachmenttobrainstemReviewtheexternalstructures2人體解剖學(xué)腦干Internalstructure課件3Developmentofspinalcord&brainstemDevelopmentofspinalcord&4DevelopmentofspinalcordDevelopmentofspinalcord5InternalstructuresinspinalcordInternalstructuresinspinal6Asecendingtracts:Fasciculusgracilis&cuneatusSpinothalamicDescendingtracts:CorticospinaltractIntersegmentaltractFasciculuspropriusCentralcanal

threenuleicolumnAnterior,posterior,andlateralorintermediolateralhornAsecendingtracts:threenulei7MotorColumn1.GSE

2.SVE

3.GVE

SensoryColumn4.GVA

5.SVA

6.GSA

7.SSA

SulucuslimitansSulucuslimitans8ComponentsofCranialNervesSulucuslimitansGeneralVisceralAfferent

SpecialVisceralAfferentComponentsofCranialNervesSu9InternalstructuresinbrainstemCentralcanal–expendtoformⅣventricle7nuleicolumn:SomaticsensorySomaticmotorGeneralvisceralmotorGeneralvisceralsensorySpecialvisceralsensorySpecialsomaticsensorySpecialvisceralmotorInternalstructuresinbrains10NucleiCNconnectedtocranialnervesNucleiCNconnectedtocranial11人體解剖學(xué)腦干Internalstructure課件12GreymatterNucleiCNconnectedtocranialnervesrelaynucleiofascending&descendingtract(NONcranialnuclei)-NucleusofascendinganddescendingtractatdifferentlevelofthebrainstemGreymatterNucleiCNconnected13Whitematterascending&descendingtractsFiberstakepartinreflexWhitematterascending&descen14Greymatter:CranialnervenucleisomaticmotornucleiOculomotornucleiTrochlearnucleiAbducensnucleiHypoglossalnucleiⅢ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅻc(diǎn)ranialnervenucleinearthemedianplane.Greymatter:Cranialnervenu15

SpecialvisceralmotornucleiTrigeminalmotornucleiFacialnucleiAccessoryspinalnucleiAmbiguusnucleiSpecialvisceralmotornuclei16GeneralvisceralmotornucleiAccessoryoculomotornucleiSuperior&inferiorsalivatorynucleiDorsalmotorvagusnucleiGeneralvisceralmotornucleiA17sensorynucleiofCNGeneral&specialvisceralsensorynuclei----SolitarynucleussensorynucleiofCNGeneral&18sensorynucleiofCNGeneralsomaticsensorynucleiTrigeminalnuclei:ChiefsensoryMesencephlicSpinal

sensorynucleiofCNGeneralso19Vestibularnucleifrommidponstorostralmedullajustliebeneaththevestibulararea.Cochlearnucleibetweentheponsandmedullajustliebeneaththelateralrecessofrhomboidfossa.SpecialsomaticsensorynucleiVestibularnucleifrommidpon20CranialnervenucleiandtheirCNCranialnervenucleiandtheir21CranialnervenucleiandtheirCNCranialnervenucleiandtheir22relaynucleiofascending&descendingtract(NONcranialnuclei)NucleusGracilis&NucleusCuneatusInferiorolivarynucleusPontinenucleusSuperior&inferiorcollicusnucleiRednucleusSubstantianigrarelaynucleiofascending&de23WhitematterascendingtractdescendingtractWhitematter24Mediallemniscusconveysgeneralsomaticimpulsesoftheproprioceptivewhicharemediatedbyreceptorsdevelopedinthemuscles,ligamentsandjointsMediallemniscusconveysgener251.Ascendingtracts

conveysgeneralsomaticimpulsesofexteroceptive(lighttouch,pain,pressure,heat,coldsense)fromtheoppositesideoftrunkandlimbsSpinothalamictract1.Ascendingtractsconveys26conveysimpulsesofexteroceptive(lighttouch,pain,pressure,andheat,coldsense)fromtheoppositesideoftrigeminalnucleusthattheperipheralprocessdistributetofaceandhead,whicharemediatedbyreceptorsdevelopedintheskin.Trigeminothalamictractconveysimpulsesofexterocept27conveysthehearing(specialsomatic)frombothsidesofcortiorgan.Laterallemniscusconveysthehearing(specials28DescendingtractsPyramidalsystem

⑴Corticospinaltract⑵Corticonucleartract

ExtrapyramidalsystemDescendingtractsPyramidalsys29CorticospinaltractThelargestnumberoffibers(nearly90%)crossanddescendintheposteriorpartofthelateralfuniculus,asthelateralcorticospinaltract.

uncrossedfibersintotheanteriorfuniculusofspinalcordiscalledtheanteriorcorticospinaltract.

CorticospinaltractThelargest30

conveysmotorimpulsesfrommotorareaofcortextotheirterminationmotornucleusofCN.CorticonucleartractCorticonucleartract31CorticonucleartractCorticonucleartract32totheirterminationmotornucleusofCNandanteriorhornofspinalcordmuchmorethanonetimerelay--synapses.Extrapyramidalsystemtotheirterminationmotornuc33MediallongitudinalfasciculusThemediallongitudinalfasciculusinterconnectstheoculomotor,trochlear,abducens,Edinger-Westphal,vestibular,reticularandspinalaccessorynuclei,coordinatingconjugateeyemovementsandassociatedmovementsoftheheadandneck.

Mediallongitudinalfasciculus34reticularformationconsistsoffibersandsmallgroupsofnucleusthemedullaandpons

medianzonecontainingnucleirapheparamedianreticularnuclei.Inthemedullaitprojectmainlytothecerebellum.amedialzoneregardedasan“effector”area,asmallerlateralzonereferredtoasthe“sensory”part,becauseitreceivescollateralsfromsecondarysensorypathwaysreticularformationconsistsof35人體解剖學(xué)腦干Internalstructure課件36

A.RapheNuclei

B.CentralNuclearGroupC.LateralNuclearGroupD.PrecerebellarReticularNucleiABCDReticularFormation

AReticularFormation37Importanttransversesectionofthebrainstem1.Decussationofthecorticospinaltracts2.Decussationofthemediallemniscus3.Transversesectionofthemedullathroughthemid-olivarylevel4.Transversesectionoftheponsthroughthefacialcolliculus&abducensnucleus.5.TransversesectionofthemidbrainthroughthesuperiorcollicusImportanttransversesection38Transversesectionatthelevelofthepyramidaldecussation

Transversesectionattheleve39TransversesectionatthelevelofthedecussationofthemediallemniscusTransversesectionattheleve40Transversesectionatthecaudalendofthefourthventricle

Transversesectionatthecaud41Transversesectionthroughthesuperiorhalfofthemedullaoblongataattheleveloftheinferiorolivarynucleus

Transversesectionthroughthe42TransversesectionthroughtheponsatthelevelofthefacialcolliculusTransversesectionthroughthe43ThecentralcourseofthefibresofthefacialnerveinatransversesectionThecentralcourseofthefibr44TransversesectionoftheponsatthelevelofthetrigeminalnerveTransversesectionofthepons45Transversesectionofthemidbrainattheleveloftheinferiorcolliculi

Transversesectionofthemidb46Transversesectionofthemidbrainatthelevelofthesuperiorcolliculi.Transversesectionofthemidb47TransversesectionoftheponsTransversesectionofthepons48Transversesectionoftheponsthroughthe

facialcolliculusTransversesectionofthepons49TransversesectionofthemidbrainthroughthesuperiorcollicusTransversesectionofthemidb50RoleofbrainstemThebrainstemisthebasicattention,inspiration,andconsciousnessofthebrain.

Itsendsalltheinformationfromthebraintothebody.

Thebrainstemcontrolsbreathing,heartrate,swallowing,controlofsweating,bloodpressure,digestion,temperature,alertnesslevel,hormonebalance,abilitytosleep,andthereflexesofsightandhearofaperson'sbody.

Thebrainstemisinchargeofallthefunctionsthatahumanbodyneedstostayalive.RoleofbrainstemThebra51Dept.ofAnatomyZhouHongYingInternalstructuresofbrainstem

greymatterwhitematterreticularformationDept.ofAnatomyZhouHongYReviewtheexternalstructuresofbrainstem1.ImportantmarksPyramidsunderlying–pyramidal(corticospinaltract)Decussationofpyramids—Olive–withininferiorolivarynucleusGraciletubercle-fasciculusgracilisandnucleusCuneatetubercle–fasciculuscuneatusandnucleuscuneatusConvexofpon–transversepontinefiber---pontocerebellarfibers–middlecerebellarpeduncleFacialcolliculus–abducensnucleusandfibersoffacialnerve2.CNIII~XIIattachmenttobrainstemReviewtheexternalstructures53人體解剖學(xué)腦干Internalstructure課件54Developmentofspinalcord&brainstemDevelopmentofspinalcord&55DevelopmentofspinalcordDevelopmentofspinalcord56InternalstructuresinspinalcordInternalstructuresinspinal57Asecendingtracts:Fasciculusgracilis&cuneatusSpinothalamicDescendingtracts:CorticospinaltractIntersegmentaltractFasciculuspropriusCentralcanal

threenuleicolumnAnterior,posterior,andlateralorintermediolateralhornAsecendingtracts:threenulei58MotorColumn1.GSE

2.SVE

3.GVE

SensoryColumn4.GVA

5.SVA

6.GSA

7.SSA

SulucuslimitansSulucuslimitans59ComponentsofCranialNervesSulucuslimitansGeneralVisceralAfferent

SpecialVisceralAfferentComponentsofCranialNervesSu60InternalstructuresinbrainstemCentralcanal–expendtoformⅣventricle7nuleicolumn:SomaticsensorySomaticmotorGeneralvisceralmotorGeneralvisceralsensorySpecialvisceralsensorySpecialsomaticsensorySpecialvisceralmotorInternalstructuresinbrains61NucleiCNconnectedtocranialnervesNucleiCNconnectedtocranial62人體解剖學(xué)腦干Internalstructure課件63GreymatterNucleiCNconnectedtocranialnervesrelaynucleiofascending&descendingtract(NONcranialnuclei)-NucleusofascendinganddescendingtractatdifferentlevelofthebrainstemGreymatterNucleiCNconnected64Whitematterascending&descendingtractsFiberstakepartinreflexWhitematterascending&descen65Greymatter:CranialnervenucleisomaticmotornucleiOculomotornucleiTrochlearnucleiAbducensnucleiHypoglossalnucleiⅢ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅻc(diǎn)ranialnervenucleinearthemedianplane.Greymatter:Cranialnervenu66

SpecialvisceralmotornucleiTrigeminalmotornucleiFacialnucleiAccessoryspinalnucleiAmbiguusnucleiSpecialvisceralmotornuclei67GeneralvisceralmotornucleiAccessoryoculomotornucleiSuperior&inferiorsalivatorynucleiDorsalmotorvagusnucleiGeneralvisceralmotornucleiA68sensorynucleiofCNGeneral&specialvisceralsensorynuclei----SolitarynucleussensorynucleiofCNGeneral&69sensorynucleiofCNGeneralsomaticsensorynucleiTrigeminalnuclei:ChiefsensoryMesencephlicSpinal

sensorynucleiofCNGeneralso70Vestibularnucleifrommidponstorostralmedullajustliebeneaththevestibulararea.Cochlearnucleibetweentheponsandmedullajustliebeneaththelateralrecessofrhomboidfossa.SpecialsomaticsensorynucleiVestibularnucleifrommidpon71CranialnervenucleiandtheirCNCranialnervenucleiandtheir72CranialnervenucleiandtheirCNCranialnervenucleiandtheir73relaynucleiofascending&descendingtract(NONcranialnuclei)NucleusGracilis&NucleusCuneatusInferiorolivarynucleusPontinenucleusSuperior&inferiorcollicusnucleiRednucleusSubstantianigrarelaynucleiofascending&de74WhitematterascendingtractdescendingtractWhitematter75Mediallemniscusconveysgeneralsomaticimpulsesoftheproprioceptivewhicharemediatedbyreceptorsdevelopedinthemuscles,ligamentsandjointsMediallemniscusconveysgener761.Ascendingtracts

conveysgeneralsomaticimpulsesofexteroceptive(lighttouch,pain,pressure,heat,coldsense)fromtheoppositesideoftrunkandlimbsSpinothalamictract1.Ascendingtractsconveys77conveysimpulsesofexteroceptive(lighttouch,pain,pressure,andheat,coldsense)fromtheoppositesideoftrigeminalnucleusthattheperipheralprocessdistributetofaceandhead,whicharemediatedbyreceptorsdevelopedintheskin.Trigeminothalamictractconveysimpulsesofexterocept78conveysthehearing(specialsomatic)frombothsidesofcortiorgan.Laterallemniscusconveysthehearing(specials79DescendingtractsPyramidalsystem

⑴Corticospinaltract⑵Corticonucleartract

ExtrapyramidalsystemDescendingtractsPyramidalsys80CorticospinaltractThelargestnumberoffibers(nearly90%)crossanddescendintheposteriorpartofthelateralfuniculus,asthelateralcorticospinaltract.

uncrossedfibersintotheanteriorfuniculusofspinalcordiscalledtheanteriorcorticospinaltract.

CorticospinaltractThelargest81

conveysmotorimpulsesfrommotorareaofcortextotheirterminationmotornucleusofCN.CorticonucleartractCorticonucleartract82CorticonucleartractCorticonucleartract83totheirterminationmotornucleusofCNandanteriorhornofspinalcordmuchmorethanonetimerelay--synapses.Extrapyramidalsystemtotheirterminationmotornuc84MediallongitudinalfasciculusThemediallongitudinalfasciculusinterconnectstheoculomotor,trochlear,abducens,Edinger-Westphal,vestibular,reticularandspinalaccessorynuclei,coordinatingconjugateeyemovementsandassociatedmovementsoftheheadandneck.

Mediallongitudinalfasciculus85reticularformationconsistsoffibersandsmallgroupsofnucleusthemedullaandpons

medianzonecontainingnucleirapheparamedianreticularnuclei.Inthemedullaitprojectmainlytothecerebellum.amedialzoneregardedasan“effector”area,asmallerlateralzonereferredtoasthe“sensory”part,becauseitreceivescollateralsfromsecondarysensorypathwaysreticularformationconsistsof86人體解剖學(xué)腦干Internalstructure課件87

A.RapheNuclei

B.CentralNuclearGroupC.LateralNuclearGroupD.PrecerebellarReticularNucleiABCDReticularFormation

AReticularFormation88Importanttransversesectionofthebrainstem1.Decussationofthecorticospinaltracts2.Decussationofthemediallemniscus3.Transversesectionofthemedullathroughthemid-olivarylevel4.Transversesectionoftheponsthroughthefacialcolliculus&abducensnucleus.5.TransversesectionofthemidbrainthroughthesuperiorcollicusImportanttransversesection89Transversesectionatthelevelofthepyramidaldecussation

Transversesectionattheleve90Transv