高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)考點(diǎn)整理概括lsomeone雙語(yǔ)例句Someoneexplainthatonetome!有人解釋說(shuō)，一到了我!Someonemustbeatthebackofthis.這事一定有人在背后搗鬼。Hefoundsomeoneonhim.他發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在跟蹤他。2常用不定代詞some(something，somebody，someone)，any(anything，anybody，anyone)，no(nothing，nobody，noone)，every(everything，everybody，everyone)，all，each，both，much，many，(a)little，(a)few，other(s)，another,none,one,either,neither等。高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)考點(diǎn)整理概括二高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的省略現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中,為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔明了,重點(diǎn)突出或上下文緊密相連,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不變,這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)之為省略?，F(xiàn)就英語(yǔ)中的種.種省略現(xiàn)象分析如下：一、并列復(fù)合句中的省略在并列句中后邊的分句可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分。如：Theboypickedupacoinintheroadand(theboy)handedittoapoliceman.這個(gè)男孩在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把他交給了警察。Youradvicemademehappybut(youradvicemade)Tomangry.你的建議使我高興但使湯姆生氣。TommusthavebeenplayingbasketballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.湯姆肯定一直在打籃球,瑪麗一直在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。GaoXiuminwasbornin1959andFuBiao(wasborn)in1963.高秀敏出生于1959年，傅彪出生于1963年。二、主從復(fù)合句中的省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略一般說(shuō)來(lái)省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語(yǔ)從句中：由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；由whether,if,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；由though,although,evenif,whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；由as,than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句；由as,asif,asthough等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。上述狀語(yǔ)從句在省略時(shí)應(yīng)遵循下面原則：當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞be，這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)連詞(as,asif,once)+名詞；(2)連詞(though,whether,when)+形容詞；(3)連詞(whether,asif,while)+介詞短語(yǔ)；(4)連詞(when,while,though)+現(xiàn)在分詞；(5)連詞(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+過(guò)去分詞；(6)連詞(asif,asthough)+不定式。如：Once(hewas)aworker,PangLongnowbecomesafamoussinger.龐龍?jiān)?jīng)是個(gè)工人，現(xiàn)在變成一位著名的歌手。Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.趁年輕要努力學(xué)習(xí)，要不然你會(huì)后悔的。c)Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.他到處看似乎在找什么東西。d)While(hewas)holdingtalkswithPresidentHuJintao,USPresidentGeorgeW.BushthankedChinaforitsimportantroleintheSix-PartyTalks.美國(guó)總統(tǒng)布什在與胡錦濤主席會(huì)談時(shí)，感謝中國(guó)在六方會(huì)談中起的重要作用。Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.這次展覽比被預(yù)料的有趣的多。f)OlympicgoldmedallisthurdlerLiuXiangopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak。奧林匹克金牌獲得者跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員劉翔張開(kāi)嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。1)當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，間或也有這樣的省略,如：Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.當(dāng)她過(guò)馬路時(shí)父親告訴她要當(dāng)心。當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)是it,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中又含有系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以把it和系動(dòng)詞be一起省略。此時(shí)構(gòu)成連詞(if,unless,when,whenever)+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Unless(itis)necessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.如果沒(méi)有必要，你最好不要查字典。定語(yǔ)從句中的省略一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that,which,whom可以省略;如：Isthisreason(that)heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?這就是他在會(huì)上解釋他工作中粗心的原因嗎？(2002上海春季)而在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which,whom不可以省略。試比較：Tom(whom)yousawyesterdayfell訂l.(whom可以省)你昨天見(jiàn)到的湯姆病倒了。Tom,whomyousawyesterday,fell訂l.(whom不可以省)湯姆病倒了，你昨天見(jiàn)到他了。在口語(yǔ)和非正式用語(yǔ)中，關(guān)系副詞when,where,和why經(jīng)常用that來(lái)代替，甚至還可省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(when/that)hehadtroublewiththeboss.這是他第一次麻煩老板。b)Hewantstofindagoodplace(where/that)wecanhaveapicnicduringthe“goldenweek”holiday.他想找一個(gè)能在黃金周期間野餐的好地方。Couldyoutellusthereason(why/that)hewassounhappy?你能告訴我們他為什么如此不高興嗎?當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的theway時(shí)，從句不能用how來(lái)引導(dǎo)，應(yīng)該用that或inwhich，或?qū)⑺鼈內(nèi)渴÷浴Ｈ纾篒don'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜歡你嘲笑他的行為。賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略在及物動(dòng)詞后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，連詞that一般可以省略;但如果及物動(dòng)詞后面是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列的賓語(yǔ)從句，那么只有第一個(gè)that可以省略。如：Ithink(that)thereformoftherenminbi'sexchangerateisnecessary.我認(rèn)為人民幣兌換率的改革是必要的。Hesaid(that)theAnti-secessionlawhadbeenpassedandthatPresidentHuJintaohadsignedapresidentialorder他說(shuō)《反分裂國(guó)家法》已被通過(guò)，而且胡錦濤主席已簽署了主席令。由which,when,where,how，和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以全部或部分省略。如：IknowthatNBAstarYaoMingwillcometoourcitybutIdon'tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity).我知道NBA明星要到我們城市來(lái)但我不知道他什么時(shí)候來(lái)。Hewantstomoveabroadbuthisparentswonderswhy(hewantstomoveabroad)他想搬遷到國(guó)外但他的父母想知道為什么。在與suggest,request,order,advise等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式“should+動(dòng)詞原形"，should可以省略。如：Chirac,PresidentoftheRepublicofFrancesuggestedthattheChina-FranceCultureYear(should)lastlonginvariousforms.法國(guó)總統(tǒng)希拉克建議中法文化年以各種各樣的形式長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)。主句省略多用于句首。如：(Itisa)PitythatIdidn'tgotoMary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.很遺憾，我昨天沒(méi)有去參加瑪麗的生日聚會(huì)。在答語(yǔ)中，主句可全部省略。如：—WhywereyouabsentfromschoollastFriday?—(Iwasabsentfromschool)Becausemymotherwasill.—上周五你為什么沒(méi)有上學(xué)?—因?yàn)槲覌寢尣×恕Ｈ?、?jiǎn)單句中的省略省略主語(yǔ)1)祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被省略如：(You)Openthedoor,please.請(qǐng)開(kāi)一下門(mén)。2)其它省略主語(yǔ)多限于現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法如：a)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp謝謝你的幫助。b)(It)Doesn'tmatter.沒(méi)關(guān)系。省略主謂語(yǔ)或主謂語(yǔ)的一部分如：(Thereis)Nosmoking.禁止抽煙(Isthere)anythingelse?還有其他事嗎?(Youcome)Thiswayplease.請(qǐng)這邊走。(Willyou)Haveasmoke?抽煙嗎?省略賓語(yǔ)如：—DoyouknowMr.Li?你認(rèn)識(shí)李先生嗎?—Idon'tknow(him.)我不認(rèn)識(shí)他省略表語(yǔ)如：—Areyouthirsty?你30歲了嗎?Yes,Iam(thirsty).是的，我是。同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分如：—Areyoufeelingbetternow?你覺(jué)得好些了嗎?—(Iamfeeling)Muchbetter(now)好多了。(Iwish)Goodluck(toyou).祝你好運(yùn)/祝你順利。四、動(dòng)詞不定式省略，只保留to的場(chǎng)合1?不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：love,like,care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade,agree,want,afford,forget,remember,try,manage等。如：a)—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeantto,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.一你本該在離開(kāi)前謝謝她?！冶敬蛩氵@么做，但當(dāng)我就要離開(kāi)的時(shí)候我卻找不到她了。(2000上海春)b)Youcandoitthiswayifyouliketo.如果你想做，你可以這么做。不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn等。如：a)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.男孩想在街上騎他的自行車(chē)，但他母親不讓。(NMET1995)b)Shewantstocomebutherparentswon'tallowherto(come).她想來(lái)，可是她父母不讓。3?不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等。如：—Iwillbeawayonabusinesstrip?Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat?—Notatall.Iwouldbehappyto(lookafteryourcat).—我要出差，你能幫我照顧一下我的貓嗎?一沒(méi)關(guān)系，我很愿意。4?不定式作某些復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)如：beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等。如：Hedoesn'tlikefishbutheusedto他現(xiàn)在不喜歡吃魚(yú)，但過(guò)去喜歡。五、動(dòng)詞不定式to的省略主語(yǔ)部分有todo，系動(dòng)詞is或was時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式通常省去to。如：Theonlythingyouhavetodoispressthebutton.你必須做的惟一事情是按按鈕。作介詞but,expect,besides的賓語(yǔ)，前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式通常省去to.女口：HesaidthatChenShuibianhadnothingtodoexceptpushapro-“independence"timetable.他說(shuō)陳水扁除了推進(jìn)支持“獨(dú)立”的時(shí)間表外，什么也沒(méi)有做。主語(yǔ)部分暗含todo，表語(yǔ)中的不定式通常省去to。如:AllIwant(todo)isgotoschoolandstudyhard.我想要(做)的就是上學(xué)，努力學(xué)習(xí)。當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式并列時(shí)，其后的不定式符號(hào)可以省略，但有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)不可省略。如：Itiseasiertosaythantodo.說(shuō)起來(lái)容易，做起來(lái)難。在wouldrather?than?等結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號(hào)常常要省略.如：Iwouldratherstayathomethangotoseeafilm.我寧愿呆在家也不愿去看電影。在see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookatfeel,have,make,let‘observe等詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略不定式符號(hào)to;why(not)do結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式不帶to。如：Isawherentertheroom.我看見(jiàn)她進(jìn)入了房間Whynotjoinus?為什么不加入到我們的行列里來(lái)呢?其他一些省略結(jié)構(gòu)名詞所有格修飾的名詞，若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過(guò)的事物時(shí)，常?？梢允÷?。如：WespenttheweekendattheMary's.我們?cè)诂旣惣疫^(guò)的周末。What和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，?？墒÷灾髡Z(yǔ)it和be動(dòng)詞如：Whatawonderfulvictory(itis)forTom!這對(duì)Tom來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)多么大的勝利呀!Howbeautiful(itis)tobetreatedlikeanormalchild.被當(dāng)作一個(gè)正常孩子對(duì)待對(duì)他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)考點(diǎn)整理概括三主謂一致練習(xí)About60percentofthestudents fromthesouth,therestofthem fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are/isB.are/areC.is/areD.areHalfoftheworkershere under30 .A.is/yearsB.are/yearoldC.is/yearsoldD.are/yearsofageNowTomwithhisclassmates footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplayingThenumberofpagesinthisdictionary abouttwothousand.A.areB.hasC.haveD.isThirtydollars tooexpensive.A.areB.isC.wereD.beTheaudience solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.A.isB.areC.wasD.hasThesecretaryandprincipal atthemeetingnow.A.arespeakingB.isspeakingC.weremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech"Ifanybody ,pleaseputdown name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/herNothingbutonedeskandsixchairs intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleftHavingarrivedatthestation, .A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleftC.thetrainwasfoundleftD.hefoundthatthetrainhadleftBetweenthetworoads aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperA.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.standEitherofyou goingtheretonight.A.willB.wasC.isD.areYouaswell right.A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIareAllbutDick inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?--Yes.Threehours___,__t,,,,,owaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughfo,,,,,ryouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyouWheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem atthemeeting.A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussedItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichareEverystudentandeveryteacher .A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeetingThreefourthsofthebread byBob,andtherestofthebread leftonthetable.A.waseaten/wereB.wereeaten/wasC.wereeaten/wereD.waseaten/wasThispairofshoes .A.isherB.ishersC.arehersD.areherThere nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobeAgroupof areeating and atthefootofthehillA.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheepsgrassesleavesC.sheep;grassleafD.sheepsgrassleafsMyfamilyraisealotof ,includingtwo .A.cattlescowsB.cowscattleC.cattlecowsD.cow,cattlesWhathesaysandwhathedoes .A.doesnotagreeB.donotagreeC.doesnotagreewithD.notagreeTheboyandthegirleach toys.A.havetheirownB.hastheirownC.haveherownD.hasherown26.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe writerswho storiesforchildren.A.woman,writesB.womenwriteC.womenwritesD.womanwriteTherailwaystationis fromourschool.A.twohoursdriveB.twohoursdriveC.twohourdriveD.twohoursdriveMikeandJohn's .A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachersC.fatherareteachersD.fathersareteacherAgreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless.A.isoccurredB.areoccurredC.occursD.occurtheclassroomneedstobecleaned.A.EithertheofficesorB.TheofficesandC.BoththeofficeandD.TheofficeandThree-fourthsofthehomework today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinishedMorethan60percentoftheworld'sradioprogrammes inEngland.A.isB.wasC.areD.be workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeopleslivingstandardA.AgreatdealofB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.ManyTherestofthemagazines withinhalfanhour.A.issoldoutB.aresoldoutC.wassoldoutD.weresoldoutThere alotofsugarinthejar.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are“All presentandall goingonwell”,ourmonitorsaid.A.isisB.are,areC.areisD.isareYesterdaytheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were.Maryaswellashersisters ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.studyTherich notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.willD.may canbedone done.A.All,havebeenB.Allthat,havebeenC.AllhasD.Allthat,hasbeenEitheroftheplans equallydangerous.A.areB.isC.hasD.haveThepolice themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingD.wassearchingforYourtrousers dirty,youmusthave washed.A.isitB.areitC.arethemD.isthemTheOlympicgames heldeveryfour .A.isyear