Abandon:Toceaseproducingoilorgasfromawellwhenitbecomesunprofitabletoproduce.Accelerator:Achemicalthatreducesthesettingtimeofacementslurry.AccumulatorPrecharge:Aninitialnitrogenchargeinanaccumulatorwhichisfurthercompressedwhenthehydraulicfluidispumpedintotheaccumulatorstoringpotentialenergy.Accumulator:Apressurevesselchargedwithnitrogengasandusedtostorehydraulicfluidunderpressureforoperationofpressurecontrolequipment.AcidFracture:Toopencracksinproductivehard-limestoneformationsbyusingacombinationofacidandoiloracidandwaterunderhighpressure.AcidTreatment:Amethodbywhichpetroleumbearingformationsareputintocontactwithanacidtoenlargetheporespacesandpassagesthroughwhichthereservoirfluidsflow.Acre-foot:Aunitofvolumeoftenusedinreservoiranalysis,equivalenttothevolumeoffluidnecessarytocoveroneacretoadepthofonefoot.Additive:Asubstanceorcompoundaddedinsmallamountstoalargervolumeofanothersubstancetochangesomecharacteristicofthelatter.Admix:toaddonematerialtoanotherbymixing.Alkali:anybaseorhydroxidehavingthefollowingproperties:(1)solubilityinwater,(2)thepowerofneutralizingacids,and(3)thepropertyofalteringthetintofmanycoloringmatters.AmericanPetroleumInstitute:theleadingstandardizingorganizationonoilfielddrillingandproducingequipment;abbreviatedAPI.Anchor:Anydevicethatsecuresoffastensequipmentsoitcannotmove.Annularspace:Thespacearoundapipeinawellbore,sometimescalledtheannulus,theouterwallofwhichmaybethewallofeitherthecasingorthehole.Annulus:(seeannularspace)API:(seeAmericanPetroleumInstitute)AWRodThread:Aparallelthreadwiththreethreadsperinch(3TPI)similartotheBWTHREAD

B.O.S.S.:Tool:BallOperatedShearSub,aballoperatedhydraulicreleasetool.Thistoolisusedtoreleasethecoiledtubingfromthebottomholeassemblyifitwastobecomestuck.BackOff:Tounscrewonethreadedpiecefromanother.(asasectionofpipe)BackUp:Toholdonesectionofanobjectwhileanotherisbeingscrewedintooroutofit.Bacteria:Alarge,widelydistributedgroupoftypicallyone-celledmicro-organisms.Bactericide:Anythingthatdestroysbacteria.Bails:Adevicemadeofcylindricalsteelbarsthatsupportstheelevatorsandconnectsthemtothetravelingblock.Incementingoperationsasingleunitofhighpressureironmadeupoftwoswivelsandshortpiecesofirondesignedtobeextremelyflexible.BalancePoint:Footageofcoiledtubingintheholewherethebuoyedweightofthetubingisequaltothewellpressureactingagainstthecross-sectionalarea.Note,thisisastaticconditionwiththepipefulloffluidanddoesnotincludefrictionalforcesofthestripperassemblyand/orpiperams,ifengaged.BalancedPlug:amethodofplacingaplug:Preflush,cementslurry,andspacerfluidaredisplaceddownthedrillpipeortubingwithmuduntilthecementlevelisaboutequalintheannulusanddrillpipeortubing.Thepipeisthenpulled,leavingtheplug"balanced"inplace.BallSealers:Ballsmadeofnylon,hardrubber,acombinationofbothorbio-degradableproducts,designedtoshutoffperforations.Ballooning:Theincreaseindiameteranddecreaseinlengthoftubingduetotheeffectsoftemperaturechange,cyclingorhighinternalpressure.BananaBlade:AdesignofunderreamerbladethatenablesreaminginbothRIHandPOOHmode.Thenamereflectstheshapeandthedesignminimizestheriskofbecomingstuckduetooverlyingdebris.Barrel:Ameasureofvolumeforpetroleumproducts.Onebarrelisequivalentto42U.S.gallons.Batch:Aspecificquantityofmaterialthatistreated,processedorusedinoneoperation.Bc:(seeBeardenunitofconsistency).Beardenunitofconsistency:astandardvalueofmeasurementonthefirmnessofacementslurry;abbreviatedBc.BendingCycle:Theactofstraighteningorbendingcoiledtubing.OnebendingcycleforthepurposeofCYCLEactuallyincludessixsuchbends,off,andthenbackontotheworkreel.BHCT:(seebottom-holecirculatingtemperature).BHP:(seeBottomholepressure)BHST:(seebottom-holestatictemperature).BHT:BottomholetemperatureBlindRams:Ramswhoseendsarenotintendedtosealagainstanycoiledtubing.Thesealagainsteachothertoeffectivelyclosethehole.Blowout:Anuncontrolledflowofpressurizedwellborefluidsand/orformationfluidsfromthewellboreorintolowerpressuredsubsurfacezones(undergroundblowout).Ablowoutoccurswhenformationpressureisgreaterthanthepressureappliedtoitbythecolumnoffluidsinthewellbore.BoilingPoint:Thetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidequalsthatofthesurroundinggasorvapor.Bond:Thestateofonematerialadheringorbeingjoinedtoanothermaterial.(ascementtoformation)Boot:ThebootprovidesasolidconnectionfrombarewirestotheKEMLONPINintheSWBPVbulkhead.Itconsistsofagoldplatedpincrimpedtothewire.ATeflonsleevetoprotectthepinandarubberboottocoverandsealtheconnection.BOP:BlowoutpreventerBottom-holeCirculatingPressure:thepressureatthebottomofawellduringcirculationofanyfluid.Itisequaltothehydrostaticheadplustheannularfrictionlossrequiredtopumpthefluidtothesurfaceplusanybackpressureheldatthesurface.Bottom-holeCirculatingTemperature:thetemperatureofanyfluidatthebottomofawellwhileitisbeingcirculated;abbreviatedBHCT.Bottom-holeFracPressure:Thepressurerequiredattheformationfacetoruptureorfracturetherock.Bottom-holePressure:Thepressureinawellatapointoppositetheproducingformationasrecordedbyabottomholepressurerecorder.Bottom-holeStaticPressure:thepressureatthebottomofawellafterthewellisshutinlongenoughtoreflectambientformationpressure.Bottom-holeStaticTemperature:thetemperatureattainedatthebottomofawellafterthewellisshutin;abbreviatedBHST.BottomsUp:Acompletetripfromthebottomofthewellboretosurface.BradenheadSqueeze:theprocessbywhichhydraulicpressureisappliedtoawelltoforcefluidorcementoutsidethewellbore.Bradenhead:casinghead.BreakCirculation:Thepointatwhichcirculationisestablishedinawell.Pumpingdowntheworkstringandreturningthroughtheannulustothesurface.BreakdownPressure:theamountofpressureneededatthewellheadtorupturetheformationinafracturetreatmentorasqueezejob.Breaker:Achemicaladdedtoafracfluid.Usedtodegradethegelandchangeitfromahighviscositytoalowviscosityfluidtoallowforbetterflowback.Bridgeplug:Adownholetoolthatisrunandsetincasingtoisolatealowerzone.Bridge:Anobstructioninthewellboreortubularsinawell.BridgingMaterial:fibrous,flaky,orgranularmaterialaddedtoacementslurryordrillingfluidtoaidinsealingformationsinwhichlostcirculationhasoccurred.Brine:Waterthathasalargeamountofsaltdissolvedinit.BullheadSqueeze:methodofforcingwellfluidintoaformationaheadofthecementtocontaintheapplicationpressure.Bullhead:Anypumpingprocedureinwhichfluidispumpedintothewellagainstpressure.Bumped:Incementingoperations,pertainingtothepointatwhichthecementplugcomestorestonthefloatcollar.Buoyancy:theapparentlossofweightofanobjectimmersedinafluid.BWRodThread:Aparallelthreadwiththreethreadsperinch(3TPI)similartotheAWTHREAD.Thethreadissquarecutandisusedinapplicationsof1.75"ODthreadorgreater.

CarbonateRock:Asedimentaryrockprimarilycomposedofcalciumcarbonate(limestone)orcalciummagnesiumcarbonate(dolomite)whichoftenmakeupourpetroleumreservoirs.CasingCementingTemperature:thetemperatureofacementslurrywhileitisbeingdisplacedatthemaximumcementingdepthinacasingcementingoperation.CasingCementing:thepracticeoffillingtheannulusbetweencasingandholewithcementtopreventfluidmigrationbetweenpermeablezonesandtosupportthecasing.Casing:steelpipeplacedinawellboreasdrillingprogressestopreventthewalloftheholefromcavinginduringdrilling,toprovideprotectionforsubsequentcasingortubingstringsandtoprovideameansofextractingpetroleumifthewellisproductive.CasingHead:aheavy,flangedsteelfittingthatconnectstothefirststringofcasingandprovidesahousingfortheslipsandpackingassembliesbywhichintermediatestringsofcasingaresuspendedandtheannulussealedoff[alsocalledaspool].CementCasing:Tofilltheannulusbetweencasingandopenholewithcementtosupportthecasingandpreventmigrationoffluidsorgasbetweenpermeablezones.CementChanneling:therisingofcementbetweenthecasingandtheboreholewallwhentheslurryfailstoriseuniformlythroughouttheannulus.CementPlug:aportionofcementplacedatsomepointinthewellboretosealit.CementRetainer:atoolsettemporarilyinthecasingorwelltopreventthepassageofcement1therebyforcingittofollowanotherdesignatedpath.Itisusedinsqueezecementingandotherremedialcementingjobs.CementSystem:thecombinationofmaterialswhichmakeupanoil-wellcementslurrychanneling(seecementchanneling).Cement:apowdermadeoflimestone,clay,andsomeothermaterialsusedasmortarandconcrete.CementingBasket:acollapsibleorfoldingmetalconethatfitsagainstthewallsofthewellboretopreventthefallingofcement.Cementing:theapplicationofaliquidslurryofcementandwatertovariouspointsinsideoroutsidethecasing.Centralizer:Adeviceplacedaroundcasingtokeepthecasingcenteredinthehole.Cheater:Alengthofpipefittedoverawrenchhandletoincreasetheleverageofthewrench.CheckValve:Avalvethatallowsflowthroughitinonedirectiononly.Thisdevicecanbeinstalledatthecoiledtubingconnectorandallowsfluidtobecirculateddownthestringbutpreventsbackflow.Thisdevicemaybeaball-and-seattypeorflappertype.ChokeLineValve:Thevalve(s)connectedtotheendpartofthewellcontrolstackwhichcontrolstheflowtothechoke.Choke:Adevicewitheitherafixedoravariableapertureusedtocontroltherateofflowofliquidsand/orgas.ChristmasTree:Atermappliedtothecombinationofvalvesandfittingsassembledabovethetopofthetubingspoolonacompletedwelltocontainwellpressureandcontroltheflowofhydrocarbonsandotherfluids.Circulate:Topassfromonepointthroughoutasystemandbacktothestartingpoint.CirculatingPressure:thepressureataspecifieddepthrequiredtocirculateafluidinawellatagivenrate.Circulation:Themovementoffluidorgas,fromavesselonsurface,downatubularstring,returninguptheannulusandbacktoavesselorpitonsurface.Clinker:thefinelypowderedlimestoneandothermatterfusedtogetherasthefirststageinthemanufactureofPortlandcement.ClosingRatio:Theratioofthewellheadpressuretothehydraulicactuationpressurerequiredtoclosethewellcontrolcomponent.CollapsePressure:Theamountofpressurerequiredtoflattenthesidesofpipe.Collapse:Theflatteningofthecoiledtubingduetoexternalpressureorexternalpressurecombinedwitheithertensionorbending.Collar:Acouplingdeviceusedtojointwolengthsofpipe.Collector:Themeansoftransferringelectricalsignalsfromtherotatingcoiledtubingreeltoastationaryplugandsoonwardstoremotesurfaceinstrumentation.CompressiveStrength:thedegreeofresistanceofamaterialtoforceactingalongoneoftheaxesinamannertendingtocrushit,usuallyexpressedinpoundsofforcepersquareinchofsurfaceaffected.Also,theamountofpressurerequiredtoovercomethetensilestrengthofcement.ConcentricOperations:Welloperationsconductedusingsmalldiametercoiledtubinginsideofconventionaltubingortubinglesscompletion's.ThisisnormallyperformedwiththeChristmastreeinplaceusingasmallrigorhoistingunit.ConductorPipe:Ashortstringoflargediameterpipe.Itsprincipalfunctionistokeepthetopofthewellboreopenandtoprovideameansofconveyingtheupflowingdrillingfluidfromthewellboretosurface.ControlPanel:Anenclosuredisplayinganarrayofswitches,pushbuttons,lights,valves,variouspressuregauges,and/ormeterstocontrolormonitorcoiledtubingoperatingfunctions.CoreDiameter:Thediameterofthecoreoftheworkreelontowhichthecoiledtubingisspooled.CriticalPressure:AspertainingtoNitrogen:Thepressurenecessarytocondenseagasatthecriticaltemperature.CriticalTemperature:AspertainingtoNitrogen:Thetemperatureatwhichagascanbeliquefiedbythecriticalpressure;abovethistemperature,thegascannotbeliquefiedatanypressure.Crosslink:Acrosswiseconnectingpartthatlinksparallelchainsinacomplexchemicalmolecule(suchasapolymer)CYCLE:ThenamefortheBJSERVICESCTlifemonitoringsystem.Allbaseshaveaccesstoitandupdatesarebaseduponinformationwrittenonspecificsheetsbythejobsupervisor.FormoreinformationcontacttheOperationsEngineeringDepartment.

Darcy:AunitofmeasureforpermeabilityDataKey:ThesecuritycontrolforCIRCA.ToaccessCIRCAakeyhastobeused.EachissueofCIRCAhasauniquekeywhichisnotinterchangeable.Defect:Adefectisanimperfectionofsufficientmagnitudetowarrantrejectionoftheproduct.Densify:toreduceordecreasetheamountofmixingwaterinaslurryfromnormaltolessthannormal.Density:Theweightofasubstanceperunitvolume.Diameter:Thedistanceacrossacirclemeasuredthroughthecenter.DiametricalGrowth:Changeinthediameterofthetubing.DiamondMatrix:Atermusedtodescribeaparticulartypeofbit.Diatom(diatomaceous):1)amicroscopicplantthatlivesinwater.2)drylandcoveredwithathicklayerofdiatomskeletons;thiskindofearthisusedformakingdynamiteandasacementadditive.DifferentialFill-UpCollar:Adeviceusedinsettingcasing.Itisrunnearthebottomofthecasingtoautomaticallyadmitfluidintothecasingasneededsoitsinksratherthanfloatsintothewell.DifferentialFill-UpShoe:Adevicesimilartoadifferentialfill-upcollar,exceptitisrunonthebottomofthecasingandisincorporatedintotheguideshoe.DifferentialPressure:Thedifferencebetweentwofluidpressuresatthepointwheretheyarelinkedtogether.DimpleConnector:AtubingconnectorusinggrubscrewstosecureBHA'stothecoiledtubing.Dispersant:cementadditivethatreducestheinitialconsistencyofcementslurries.Displacement:Thevolumeoffluidneededtofillagivennumberoflinearfeetoftubulars.DMUR:Drilling,MillingandUnder-ReamingDolomite:Atypeofsedimentaryrocksimilartolimestonebutrichinmagnesiumcarbonate,sometimesareservoirrockforpetroleum.Dongle:AcomputingtermforaDataKey.Downhole:Pertainingtothewellbore.Drag:Frictionbetweenamovingdevice(suchascoiledtubing)andanothermovingornonmovingpart(suchastubingorformationwalls).DrillingFluid:anysubstance,suchasairorgas,wateroroilbasemuds,circulatedinawellduringdrillingoperations.DryBlending:processofadmixingfinelydividedsolidcompounds.

Elevators:Asetofclampsthatgripastand,orcolumn,ofcasing,tubing,drillpipeorsuckerrods,sothatthestandcanberaisedorloweredintothewell.E-Line:Electricline,asmall-diameterconductivelineusedinelectricwirelineoperations.Elongation:Theincreaseingagelengthofatensiletestspecimen,expressedasapercentoftheoriginalgagelength.EmergencyShut-downDevice(ESD):Systemtoshut-downawellorseriesofwellsintheeventofanemergencyExtender:anadditiveputindrillingmudtoincreaseviscositywithoutaddingclayorotherthickeningmaterial.Incement,itisusedtoincreasetheyieldofthecementslurry.

FalseSet:anabnormalearlythickeningofcementslurryinwhichtheslurryremainspumpablefortheusualthickeningtime.Thethickeningmaybereversibleduringthepumpinghistoryoftheslurry.Fatigue:Theprocessofprogressivelocalizedpermanentstructuralchangeoccurringinamaterialsubjectedtoconditionswhichproducefluctuatingstresseswhichculminateincracksorcompletefailureafterasufficientnumberoffluctuations.FemaleConnection:Apipe,coupling,ortoolthreadedontheinsidesothatonlyamaleconnectioncanbejoinedtoit.FilterCake:Alayerofconcentratedsolidsfromdrillingmudorcement,whichformsonthewallofthewellboreduringdrillingoperations.Fish:Auniversaldescriptionforadownholeobstructionnotintendedtobethere.Normallyusedtodescribeanitemofequipmentleftinthewellasaconsequenceofapreviousworkoveroperation.FloatCollar:Aspecialcouplingdevice,insertedoneortwojointsabovethebottomofthecasingstring,thatcontainsacheckvalvetopermitfluidtopassdownwardbutnotupwardthroughthecasing.Thefloatcollarpreventsdrillingmudfromenteringthecasingwhileitisbeinglowered,allowingthecasingtofloatduringitsdescentandalsodecreasingtheloadonthederrick.Alsopreventsabackflowofcementintothecasingduringcementingoperations.FloatShoe:Ashort,heavy,cylindricalsteelsectionwitharoundedbottom,attachedtothebottomofthecasingstring.Itcontainsacheckvalveandfunctionssimilarlytothefloatcollarbutalsoservesasaguideshoeforthecasing.FlowMeter:Adevicethatmeasurestheamountoffluidmovingthroughapipe.FlowTee:Apieceofironintheshapeofa"T"allowinggasandfluidstobecirculatedoutofthesidetoatankorpit.FluidEnd:Theportionorendofafluidpumpthatcontainsthepartsinvolvedinmovingthefluid.(asliners,rodsandplungers)asopposedtotheendthatproducesthepowerformovement.FluidLossAdditive:acompoundaddedtothecementslurryortodrillingmudtopreventorminimizefluidloss.FluidLoss:Themigrationoffluidfromaslurryintoaporousmedia,suchastheformation.Flush:Thevolumeoffluidneededtofillagivenlinearfeetoftubularsofopenhole.FlyAsh:anartificialpozzolan;residueofburntcoal.FormationDamage:Thereductionofpermeabilityinareservoirrockcausedbytheinvasionofdrillingfluidsandtreatingfluidstothesectionadjacenttothewellbore.Thiscanoccuranytimeinthelifeofthewell.FormationFracturing:Amethodofstimulatingproductionbyincreasingthepermeabilityoftheproducingformation.Underhighpressuresafluidispumpeddownwardthroughthetubularsandforcedintotheperforationsinthecasing.Thefluidenterstheformationandpartsorfracturesit.Proppantsarecarriedinsuspensionintotheformationbythefracfluid.Whenthepressureisreleasedatsurfacethefluidreturnstothewellboreandthefracturespartiallycloseontheproppants,leavingchannelsforoilorgastoflowtothewellbore.Formation:Abedordepositcomposedthroughoutofsubstantiallythesamekindsofrock.Eachdifferentformationisgivenaname,frequentlyasaresultofthestudyoftheformationoutcropatthesurfaceandsometimesbasedonfossilsfoundintheformation.Fracture:Acrackorcreviceinaformation,eithernaturalorinduced.FreeWater:Incementslurries,itistheexcessmixwaternotabsorbedintotheslurry.FrictionCoefficient:AdimensionlessfigureutilizedinCIRCAtodefinetheconditionofthewell.Thehigherthecoefficientthe'rougher'thewellisassumedtobe.FrictionLock:Atermusedtodescribethesituationwherebyfurtherentryintothewellwiththecoiledtubingisnotpossible.ThesituationoccursduetoformationofaHelicalSpiralandsothedrivingforcefromtheinjectorisnottransmittedtotheBHAtherebypreventingfurtherprogressintothewell.FrictionPressure:thepressure(orhead)lostbyflowingwaterorotherfluidsasaresultoftheinternalfrictionofthefluidandthefrictionbetweenthemovingfluidandthewallsoftheconduit.

GateValve:Avalvewhichemploysaslidinggatetoopenorclosetheflowpassage.Thevalvemayormaynotbefull-opening.Gilsonite:anaturallyoccurringsolidhydrocarbonoftheasphaltgroupwhosegranularformissometimesusedasacementadditivetopreventlostcirculation.GPM:Gallonsperminute.GPT:Gallonsperthousand.GrappleConnector:AtubingconnectorusinggrapplestoconnectBHA'stothebottomofacoiledtubingstring.GravityStabilized:TheCTislyingstraightwithinthehole,however,itisbeyondtheNeutralPointandtherefore,ifconditionschange,itispossiblefortheCTtoformaHelicalSpiral.GuideShoe:Ashortheavycylindricalsteelsection,filledwithconcreteandroundedatthebottomandplacedattheendofacasingstring.Itpreventsthecasingfromhanginguponirregularitiesinthewellboreasthecasingisbeingruntobottom.Aholeinthecenteroftheshoeallowsfluidstomovefreelythroughit.Gypsum:anaturallyoccurringcrystallineformofhydrouscalciumsulfate.

Hardness(Testing):Testingofthehardnessofamaterial.Hardness:Ameasureofthehardnessofametalasdeterminedbypressingahardsteelbarordiamondpenetratorintoasmoothsurfaceunderstandardconditions.HelicalSpiral:Thistermdescribesthemannerinwhichthecoiledtubingislyinginthewelli.e.similartoaspring.ThesituationoccursasaresultofforcesopposingthedirectionofRIHsuchthattherigidityofthecoiledtubingisnotsufficienttoovercomethemandthecoiledtubingconformstotheshapeofthecompletionwith3600wallcontact.Hematite:anironoxideusedasaweightingmaterialinpercentagesbyweightofcement.HesitationSqueeze:asub-classificationofsqueezecementingthatcanbeusedineitherhighorlow-pressureapplications.High-pressureSqueezeCementing:theforcingofcementslurryintoawellatthepointstobesealedwithafinalpressureequaltoorgreaterthantheformationbreak-downpressure.HippTripper:Seepercussionhammer.Horsepower:(hp)Ameasureoftheamountofworkdonebyamachine,equalto550ft-lbpersecond.Hydrate:tocausetocombinewithwater.HydraulicCement:acementthathardensorsetsunderwater.HydraulicFracturing:Theforcingintoaformationoffluidsunderhighpressuretoopenpassagesforoilandgastoflowthroughandintothewellbore.HydraulicHorsepower:(hhp)Ameasureofenergyrequiredtomoveafluidatagivenrateandpressure.Hydril:Registeredtrademarkofaprominentmanufacturerofoilfield,equipmentespeciallyannularblowoutpreventers.HydrochloricAcid:Acompoundcommonlyusedtoacidizecarbonaterocks.AlsoknownasMuraticacid.ChemicalsymbolisHCl.HydrostaticHead:Thepressureexertedbyacolumnoffluid.HydrostaticPressure:Thepressureexertedbyacolumnoffluid.

Inhibitor:Anadditiveusedtoretardundesirablechemicalactioninaproduct.InjectorHead:Apieceofequipmentwithoneormoremotorsdrivingoneormorechainsequippedwithgrippingblockstoinjectorwithdrawcoiledtubingfromawellbore.Usuallyequippedwithastuffingboxtoallowthistobeaccomplishedwithpressureinthewellbore.InnerStringCementing:alsocalledstab-incementing,methodbywhichthelarge-diametercasingstringiscementedthroughdrillpipestringintoaspecialsealingsleeveinthecasingshoe.InstantaneousShutInPressure:Thepressurereadonthesurfaceatthemomentthepumpsarestopped.(ISIP)IntermediateCasingString:Thestringofcasingsetinawellafterthesurfacecasing,topreventthewellfromcavinginandallowfordeeperdrilling.InternalUpset:Anextrathickinsidewallontheendoftubingordrillpipeatthepointwhereitisthreadedtocompensateforthemetalremovedinthethreadingprocess.Ionic:Havinganelectriccharge,eitherpositiveornegative.

Jar:Apercussiontooloperatedmanuallyorhydraulicallytodeliveraheavydownwardorupwardblowtoanitemintheborehole.Joint:Asinglelengthoftubing,drillpipe,orcasingthathasthreadedconnectionsatbothends.JunkBasket:Afishingtoolruninwellswhenitisnecessarytoretrievesmallpartsorlosttools.

KellyBushing:(KB)Adevicefittedtotherotarytable,throughwhichthekellypassesandbymeansofwhichthetorqueoftherotarytableistransmittedtothekellyandtothedrillstem.Kelly:Theheavysteelmember,fourorsixsided,suspendedfromtheswivelthroughtherotarytableandconnectedtothetop-mostjointofdrillpipe.Usedtoturnthedrillstemastherotarytableturns.Ithasaboredpassagewaythatpermitsfluidstobecirculatedthroughit.KickOff:Todeviateawellborefromthevertical.Kick:Intrusionofformationliquidsorgasthatresultsinanincreaseinpitvolumeoranincreaseinobservedwellheadpressure.Itoccurswhenthepressureofthecolumnoffluidinthewellboreisnotgreatenoughtoovercometheformationpressure.KillLine:Ahigh-pressurelinebetweenthepumpsandsomepointbelowawellcontrolcomponent.ThislineallowsfluidstobepumpedintothewellorannuluswiththewellcontrolcomponentcloseKill:Toovercomeformationpressurewithheavierfluids.Allowingworktobedoneonthewell.KnowledgeBox:Thecupboardordeskinwhichthedrillerkeepsthevariousrecordspertainingtotheoperations.

Lamellated:composedoforfurnishedwithlamellae(thinplatescomposingthegillsofabivalvemollusk).Lamellatedmaterials,suchasmicaandcellophaneflakes,areusedascementadditivestorestorelostcirculation.LaminarFlow:Thelinearmotionofafluid.Lease:Theareawhereproductionwells,tanks,separators,andotherproductionsequipmentarelocated.LiftFrame:Aframeusedtoconnecttheinjectorheadtoawellheadortesttreeonafloatingrig.Lignosulfonate:anorganicdrillingfluidadditivederivedfromby-productsofapaper-makingprocessusingsulfite;addedtodrillingmudtominimizefluidlossandtoreducetheviscosityofthemud.Limestone:Asedimentaryrockrichincalciumcarbonatethatsometimesservesasareservoirrockforpetroleum.LimitedEntry:Amethodoftreatinganentirezoneormultipleproductionzonesensuringcompletecoverageofthezoneorzonesofinter