英語常見時態(tài)語態(tài)教學(xué)目標

1.了解動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)的主要考點.2.熟悉高考?？颊Z態(tài)的構(gòu)成和時間狀語.3.掌握各種時態(tài)的基本用法.高考語法復(fù)習(xí)動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)一覽表(以do為例）時態(tài)主動被動一般現(xiàn)在時do/does現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/aredoing現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone一般過去時did過去進行時was/weredoing過去完成時haddone一般將來時willdo過去將來時should/woulddoam/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendonewillbedoneshould/wouldbedone最常用的幾種時態(tài)與時間狀語的搭配一般現(xiàn)在every…,sometimes,

at…,onSunday現(xiàn)在進行now,現(xiàn)在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般過去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow過去進行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while過去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般將來next…,tomorrow,in…過去將來多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動作以后的動作一、一般現(xiàn)在時：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動詞；②行為動詞否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：①把be動詞放于句首；②用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。一般現(xiàn)在時的用法

a.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)階段的習(xí)慣性行為，常與時間狀語often，usually，always，everyday，sometimes，seldom，never等連用。Ineverdomyhomeworkintheevening.Sometimesweplayfootballontheplayground.Heseldomlistenstomusic.

b.表示現(xiàn)在的事實或狀態(tài)。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.IlikeEnglishverymuch.

c.表示格言，科學(xué)事實和客觀真理。

Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必敗。Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25isChristmasDay.d.表示按照時刻表或已經(jīng)計劃安排好的將來行為。（只限于是go,come,leave,arrive,begin,start,takeoff,stop,be等表示開始或移動意義的詞。）Thetrainleavesat10p.m.Theplanetakesoffin20minutes.在以when,till/until,assoonas,bythetime,after,before等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，在以if,unless,once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和以nomatter+疑問詞,疑問詞+ever,evenif等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果主句中的動詞用一般將來時，從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時代替一般將來時。

如果明天不下雨，我們將去野營。———————————————————她一到達那兒，就會給你寫信?！?/p>

Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llgocamping.She’llwritetoyouassoonasshegetsthere.一般現(xiàn)在時的注意點:二.一般過去時概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。時間狀語：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動詞；②行為動詞否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時還原行為動詞。3．用法

(1)表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：

Hewentshoppingwithhisfriendslastweek.Theyarrivedtenminutesago.Hebecameahotelmanagertenyearsago.

Didyougototheconcertlastnight?(2)表示在過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或習(xí)慣動作。如：

Hevisitedhisgrandparentsonceamonthlastyear.Sheusuallywenttoworkbycarlastyear.WhenIwasatschool,Ialwayswenttoschoolbybus.

謂語動詞使用過去式形式，加ed，分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變化。表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，也可用“usedtodo”和“would+動詞原形”。構(gòu)成規(guī)則例子一般在動詞原形末尾加-ed，(在清輔音后讀/t/；在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/；在/t/,/d/后讀/id/。look→lookedplay→playedwork→worked結(jié)尾是e的動詞在末尾加-dlike→likedlive→livedhope→hoped末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-edplan→plannedstop→stoppeddrop→dropped結(jié)尾是“輔音字母＋y”的動詞，先變“y”為“i”再加-edstudy→studiedworry→worriedcry→cried三.一般將來時的構(gòu)成:標志詞：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term,fromnowon，soon…①will,shall+動詞原形，其中shall只用于第一人稱。②begoingto+動詞原形，表示主觀打算，按計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事情。③beto+動詞原形，表示客觀安排④

beaboutto+不定式，意為馬上要做某事，正要做某事。⑤come，go,start,move,sail,leave等非延續(xù)性動詞常用進行時表示按計劃將要發(fā)生的事。Eg.Thewholefamilyisgoingfortwoweeks.Mysisteriscomingtoseeme.She’llbeheresoon.⑥在時間狀語從句,讓步狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時(will+動詞原形)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。I’llgotoseeyouifitdoesn’traintomorrow.Ifyoudon’tstudyhard,youwillfailintheexam.NomatterhowlateIam,mymotherwillwaitforme.1_____you____adoctorwhenyougrowup?AWill;goingtobeBAre;goingtobeCAre;/DWill;be2Idon’tknowifhisuncle_____.Ithinkhe_____ifitdoesn’train.Awillcome;comesBwillcome;willcomeCcomes;comesDcomes;willcome3Hewillbeback_____afewminutes.AwithBforConDin4Whattime_____wemeetatthegatetomorrow?AwillBshallCdoDare5Hewillhaveaholidayassoonashe_____theworknextweek.AfinishesBdoesn’tfinishCwillfinishDwon’tfinish四.過去將來時：構(gòu)成：（would+動詞原形，或?qū)頃r的其它過去構(gòu)成形式wasgoingtodo……）表示以過去某一時間為參照，在過去看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。在賓語從句及間接引語中，時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，經(jīng)常會用到過去將來時。如Ithoughtitwasgoingtobefun.時間狀語：---soon/thenextday---that-clause(名詞性從句或上下文中---)1.ItoldmyfriendthatI____(should/wouldarrive,shall/willarrive)soon.2.Theylookedatthosecloudsoverthesky.It____(isgoingtorain,wasgoingtorain).3.Theysaidthatthey____(aretomeet,weretomeet)atthegatethenextday.4.We_____(areabouttogo,wereabouttogo)outwhenitstartedtorain.五.現(xiàn)在進行時1.用法：2.結(jié)構(gòu):3.標志詞：中考模擬：--Mike,who____footballintheyard?--Letmegoandsee.（2010順義）A.hasplayed B.willplay C.wasplaying D.isplayingA.現(xiàn)刻動作：目前正在發(fā)生的動作。B.現(xiàn)階段動作：目前一個時期一直在進行的動作，此刻不一定在進行。now,Look!Listen!is/am/are+doing現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有1)、一般在動詞詞尾加上-ing,E.g.jump2)、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去e，再加-ing.E.ghavewrite3)、.以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加上-ing.E.g.sitput其句式變換都在be上做文章。現(xiàn)在進行時的用法

a.表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。

Heiseatinganicecream.Let’swait.Thechildrenarecrossingthestreet.b.表示當(dāng)前一段時期內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作（說話時不一定正在進行）。

Weareworkingonafarmthesedays.

c.表示位置移動或趨向的詞，如go，come,start，leave,arrive,move等常用進行時表將來。

HeisleavingforShanghaitomorrow.Wearemovingtoabighousenextmonth.d.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。Theboyisalwayshelpingus.(贊揚)Youarealwaysmakingthesamemistake.(責(zé)備)

六.過去進行時：1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。2.時間狀語：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when/while引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+was/were+doing+其他4.否定形式：主語+was/were+not+doing+其他5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個字母大寫）

其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章。1.I_____(cook,cooked,wascooking,werecooking)breakfastwhenyouarrived.2.What____you_____(do,did,was...doing,were…doing)atthistimeyesterdayevening?3.We_____(have,arehaving,had,werehaving)dinnerwhenthedoorbellrang.4.While/When/Aswe____(have,had,arehaving,werehaving)dinner,thedoorbellrang.1.用法： 12七、現(xiàn)在完成時過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。I

havefinished

myhomework.

過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)。Ihavestayedhereforanhour！1.概念：表示發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能剛剛結(jié)束也有可能繼續(xù)進行下去的動作或狀態(tài)，甚至延續(xù)到將來，并對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響或結(jié)果。常與since+過去時（間）,for+一段時間連用。表示與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去的動作。2.時間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,sofar,bynow,since+時間點，for+時間段，recently,lately,inthepast/lastfewyears,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+p.p（過去分詞）+其他2、主要用法：

現(xiàn)在完成時主要有兩種用法，一種是已完成用法，也叫影響性用法；另一種是未完成用法，也叫持續(xù)性用法。兩種用法的特點是：

1).已完成用法（影響性用法）：表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不太確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果，同時說話者強調(diào)或感興趣的就是這個影響或結(jié)果.還可表示剛剛、已經(jīng)做完某事，曾經(jīng)或未曾做某事。常與already,just,yet，ever,never，inthepastfewyears，before等連用,如：Hasshefoundhercarkey？----Haveyouhadlunchyet?----Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.Ihaven’treadyournovelyet.Hehasneverdrivenacarbefore.Haveyoueverbeenateacher？Ourhometownhaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.

2).未完成用法（持續(xù)性用法）：該用法的現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個過去發(fā)生的動作并未在過去完成，而是一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去（也可能到此結(jié)束）。常有下列標志：for+時間段（tenyears,alongtime等）；since+時間點（twoo’clock,August2003,等）；recently，sofar,uptonow等。如：Shehasbeenateacherfor20years.

HowlonghaveyoubeeninShanghai？Ihaven’tseenhersincelastweek.

Imethimin1975andhaven’tseenhimsincethen.

注：1.除以上用法外，現(xiàn)在完成時還可表示過去的重復(fù)動作甚至將來動作。如：

Hehasalwaysgonetoworkbybike.他總是騎自行車上班。I’llgotobedwhenI’vefinishedmyhomework.我做完作業(yè)后就上床睡覺。2.表示時間長度時，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在完成時。如：

It’salongtimesinceImetyoulast.好久不見了。It’saboutsixmonthssincewearrivedhere.我們到這里大約有半年了。非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞

非延續(xù)性動詞在時間上沒有延續(xù)性，常見的有come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start,

buy,join,die,buy,find,stop,become,open,borrow,lend,appear,close,fall,finish,sell,lose,kill等，這些動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。但是，非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，可與for/since等時間狀語連用。若句中出現(xiàn)時間段，則必須使用延續(xù)性動詞。瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系如下：1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleft

anhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Iborrowed

thebookaweekago.10.Iboughtthecarayearago.Thefilm_________for5minutes.They____________foranhour.Theman___________foraweek.He__________theclubfor3days.They_______________for10years.He_______heresinceanhourago.Jack_______homefor2hours.Thedoor_______openforawhile.I_________thebookforaweek.I________thecarsinceayearago.hasbeenonhavebeenawayhasbeendeadhasbeeninhavebeenmarriedhasbeenhasbeenhasbeenhavekepthavehad常見的這種動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類：

gothere—bethere,comeback—beback,borrow—keep,buy/catch—have,arrive—bein,begin—beon,open—beopen,close—beclosed,die—bedead,leave—beawayfrom,getup—beup,fallasleep—beasleep,become—be,join—bein/amemberof,receive—have,catch/getacold—haveacold,getmarried—bemarried，come→bein，finish→beover，

leaver→beaway1.I'msorry,I____yourname.AhadforgottenBforgotChaveforgottenDforgotten2.Hehas____thewatchforayear.AbuyBboughtChaveDhad3.I_____thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.AborrowedBhaveborrowedCkeptDhavekept4.TheGreens_____manyplacesofinterestsincetheycametoChina.AwillvisitBvisitedChavevisitedDvisit5.TheOrientalPearlTVTower_______tensofthousandsofvisitorssince1995.attracted

B.attracts

C.hasattracted

D.willattract

6.—Howlong_______you_____here?

—Forabouttwoyearssofar.

have,studied

B.did,live

C.do,stay

D.were,swimming7.—Howisyourfather?I__himforalongtime.

—Heisfine,butbusy.A.don’tsee

B.hadn’tseenC.didn’tsee

D.haven’tseen8.Meimeihasreceivedseverallettersfromherhometownsinceshe_______tothecity.

A.came

B.comes

C.hascome

D.willcome9.—IsthatJackspeaking?

—Sorry,heisn’tinrightnow.He_______thecinemawithhisaunt.A.hasbeento

B.hasgonetoC.havebeento

D.havegoneto10.—Hello,mayIspeaktoyourfather,please?

—Sorry,myfather_______toShanghai.Hewenttherethismorning.A.goes

B.hasgone

C.hasbeen

D.go11.—Howmanytimes_______you_______toBeijingthisyear?

—Threetimes.have,been

B.had,beenC.have,gone

D.hadgone過去完成時

1、概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去（

past-in-the-past）”。------|-----------|----------|-------->那時以前

那時

現(xiàn)在

2、構(gòu)成：過去完成時由“助動詞

had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中

had通用于各種人稱。

Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.

Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10：00thismorning.3、它的否定句是在had后邊加not，變一般疑問句是把had提前。E.g.Ihadreachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock.Ihadnotreachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock.Hadyoureachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock?4、它通常和before,bytheendof等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間狀語連用.另外,復(fù)合句的主句為一般過去時,賓語從句表達過去發(fā)生的動作時,從句也要用過去完成時.E.g.Hesaidhehadneverseensuchanexcitingmatchbefore.1.We____(haveread,hadread)500storiesbytheendoflastterm.2.Hesaidthatthey_____(havearrived,hadarrived)anhourbefore.3.After/Whenhe____(hasdone,haddone)hisjob,hewenttobed.4.Iwaitedtillhe____(hasfinished,hadfinished)hiswork.5.WhenIgotthere,he___(hasbeen,hadbeen)awayforhalfanhour.6.IwentbacktotheclassroombecauseI____(haveleft,hadleft)mydictionarythere.ExercisesIusually____upat6:00,butyesterdayI______upat7:00andtomorrowI_________upat6:30.(get)Listen!Someone____________(knock)atthedoor.I___________(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.Howoften_____Andy_______(surf)theinternet?Hefellasleepwhilehe___________(read)abook.getwillgetgotisknocking

havebeen

doessurfwasreading6.I________never_______(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_________(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_______(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9.______thestory________(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What______hismother______(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwouldputDidhappenwasdoing11.Ifit______________(notrain)tomorrow,they___________(go)fishing.12.______yourmother________(play)thepianoeverySunday?13.They_______(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_____________(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_________(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher___________(start)teaching.doesn’trainwillgoDoeshasworkedwon’twalkedhadstartedplay用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Thismachine_______________(notwork).Ithasn’tworkedforyears.(浙江)2.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they___________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.(全國Ⅱ)3.Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople________(live)incitiesinthenearfuture.(上海春)4.--HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?--Yes,sinceshe_________(join)theChineseSociety.(寧夏)doesn’tworkwillincreasewilllivejoined5.Teenagers____________(damage)theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.(重慶)6.IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother__________(talk)onthephoneallthetime!(湖南)7.Sofarthisyearwe_________(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(福建)8.Don’ttakethemagazineaway.It_____________(belong)tome.aredamagingwastalkinghaveseenbelongs9.Iwillgotoseemysonwhenhe__________(finish)thetrainingcourse.10.Mr.Smithtoldusthathe_____________(deliver)aspeechthenextweek.11.—MayIhaveawordwithMissAnna?—Sorry,she

（talk）

toherfriendonthephone..12.--Didyougototheshowlastnight?

--Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_______________(invite).(陜西)finisheswoulddeliveristalkingwasinvited改錯.1.Ourcityisamoderncity.Itsetupintheearly1980s.2.Hewaswarmlywelcomebyhisfriends.3.Inthepastthreeyears,thedoctorsavedmanypeople’slives.4.IjustcomebackfromBritainlastweek.5.Thewholeclassdividedintothreegroups.6.Irushoverwithoutdelay,jumpedintothewaterandswamtowardshim.7.Hestooduptomakehimselfseeandwassoonfoundbyhisfriends.8.Thethiefwantedtogetinandstolesomething.9.Ourphysicsteachersaidlighttraveledfasterthansound.10.TheprofessorwhoarrivesthismorningisfromBeijingUniversity.11.Whenshecame,youwereonyourwaytogetthekeyyouhaveleftintheoffice.12.Someofusoftenwenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast;someliketohavesnacks;someothersareparticularaboutfood;andstillsomeeatordrinktoomuch.動詞的時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)歌謠一般現(xiàn)在時，動詞用原型；一般時單數(shù)三人稱，動詞加“s”

。一般過去時，動詞加“ed”。Iwork.Heworks.Iworked.現(xiàn)在進行時,進行時過去進行時,am,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ing。將來時一般將來時，will加原型。完成時現(xiàn)在完成時，have/has加過分。Exercise1.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining2.---Doyouwanttoseethefilm“HarryPotter”?---Thefilm“HarryPotterⅡ”?I_____it.It’sverywonderful.(2008黃崗中考)A.seeB.haveseenC.wasseeingD.hasseen3.Theboy______________(notswim)intheriveryet.hasn’tswum5.---WhereisLiuMei?---She___________(go)home.4.---Whereisyourfather?

---He___________(watch)TVintheroom.7.Heaskedwhattimethey___________(do)ateightlastnight.weredoing8.Iknowthathe_________(join)thearmyin1985.joined6.Wedon’tknowifit___________(rain)tomorrow.Ifit________(rain)tomorrow,we’llnotgoforapicnic.iswatchingwillrainrainshasgone9.He’snothungry.He_____just________(have)lunch.11.---______theBlacks__________(visit)theGreatWallbefore?---Yes,they_________.---When_______they_______(visit)it?---Onlyamonthago.10.I’msurehe____________(work)itoutinonehour.haswillworkHavehadvisitedhavedidvisit時態(tài)綜合試題1.Sorry,I____tohelpyouatten.Iwasbusyatthemoment.A.won'tcome B.can'tcomeC.didn'tcome D.shouldn'tcome2.He_______thispenforfiveyears.He______itin1997.A.hasbought,bought.B.bought,boughtC.haskept,hasbought D.hashad,bought3.She_________theflowersinthegardenwhenI_________toseeheryesterday.A.watered，went B.waswatering，wentC.watered，wasgoing D.waswatering，wasgoing4.Idon'tknowifmyfriend_________.Ifhe_________,I'llletyouknow.A.comes,comes B.comes,willcomeC.willcome,comes D.willcome,willcome5.It______10yearssinceI______here.A.is,come B.is,havecomeC.was,came D.is,came6.Hisbrother_________fromhomeforalongtime.A.hasleft B.hasbeenawayC.left D.willleave7.--Lucy,___you____yourticket?--Notyet.(2003河北省)A.did;find B.have;found C.has;found D.do;find8.--Idon’tknowifhisuncle____--Ithinkhe___ifitdoesn’train.A.willcome;comes B.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comes D.comes;willcome9.--Hurryup!It’stimetoleave.--OK,____.(2003江西)A.I’mcoming B.I’llcome C.I’vecome D.Icome10.ImustreturnthecameratoLiLei,I____itfortwoweeks.A.keep B.borrowed C.havekept D.havelent(2003遼寧)11.--When__thiskindofcomputer__?--Lastyear.(2002天津)A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used12.--Jerry,____you____yourlostbook?--Not