Grammar動詞-ed形式作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語在句中成分主賓表賓補(bǔ)定狀不定式分詞動名詞√√√√√√√√√√XX√√√√XX√√√√√√√√√XX√√√√√√√√√√√XX二、非謂語動詞的句法功能【考點(diǎn)一】考查非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

非謂語動詞時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)動詞不定式一般時(表示動作和謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生,或在其后發(fā)生)todotobedone進(jìn)行時(表示動作和謂語動作同時發(fā)生)tobedoing完成時(表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)tohavedonetohavebeendone動名詞一般時(通常表示一般性的動作或與謂語動作同時發(fā)生)doingbeingdone完成時(動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)havingdonehavingbeendone現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(表示分詞的動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生)doingbeingdone完成時(表示分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前)havingdonehavingbeendone過去分詞過去分詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,也沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化doneThisisthetelephonedesignedintheearlytime.

anamphibiouscar

Iwasexcitedatthenewinvention.Stephenson’s

“Rocket”

Stephenson’sinventionmadeallofussurprised.

過去分詞作定語實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個形容詞,表示“完成”的動作,還表示“被動”的意義。如： icedbeer(冰凍啤酒)； cookedfood(熟食); friedchips(炸土豆條);一、動詞-ed形式作定語

但要注意不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示“完成”的動作,而不表示“被動”意義。如:

fallenleaves(落葉)

therisensun(升起的太陽)等。

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞表示被動意義．現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成．

amovingmovie感人的電影movedaudience被感動的觀眾boilingwater正在燒(煮沸)的水boiledwater已煮沸的水developingcountries反展中國家developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國家fallingleaves落葉(正在進(jìn)行)fallenleaves落葉(已經(jīng)完成)

單個分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞的前面;分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。

1.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.

4.Thechild

standing

overthereismybrother.我會找規(guī)則

2.Hesavedaboyfromaburninghouse.3.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.高考鏈接Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.(MET90)A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)Mr.Smith,____ofthespeech,startedtoreada____novel.(2003北京春)A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boringA

A

過去分詞作表語表明主語的感受或所處的狀態(tài)。如：

Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。Heisretired.他已退休。Nowonderhewassoexcited.【注意】現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征，意為“令人…的”,具有主動含義，意味著“起這種作用”Theworkwastiring.過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)或心理感受,意為“感到…的”,具有被動含義，意味著“受這種影響”Theworkersweresoontired.翻譯：(1)ThebookisinterestingandI‘minterestedinit.(2)Whenweheardofthemoving

story,weweredeeplymoved．二、過去分詞作表語

disappointamusing

amused

amuseconfusing

confused

confuseinspired

inspiring

inspiresurprised

surprising

surprise

shocking

shocked

shock1.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlostDC2.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.

A.disappointed;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby

三、動詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語

過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語可以表示完成意義的行為或狀態(tài)。作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：Shefoundthedoorbroken

inwhenshecameback.Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt.

(1)動詞-ed形式可作表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語,這類動詞包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.Theyconsideredthemattersettled.

(2)動詞-ed形式可作使役動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語,這類動詞包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。

Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth.Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood.

(3)動詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語，這類動詞包括like，want,wish,expect,order等。學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued.

(4)過去分詞用在“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。小偷被帶進(jìn)來了，雙手被反綁在后面。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman____inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying2.--Thereisaholeinyourbag.--Iknow.I’mgoingtohaveit______.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended

Practice

A

C

Aboy

(call)Tomwenttothecinemaonenight.Itwas

ahorrorfilm,buthewas

(interest)init.Althoughthefilmwas

(frighten),hefelt

(excite).Afterthefilm,the

(tire)boycamebackhome.On

(arrive)home,hefoundoneofhiswindows(break)andaman

(lie)atthedoor.Thedoorremained

(lock),butthemanknockedatitveryhard.Tomrecognizedthathewasaneighbour

(know)as“frequentlydrunk”.Theboyopenedthedoorandmadeacupofteaforthedrunk.Laterthemanbecamesober.Whenherealizedwhathadhappened,hefelt

(embarrass).Hepromisedtohavethewindow(mend)andgiveup

(drink),thenhewenthome