TheAttributiveClause定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)為例）例：Thegirlbehindthetree

isKate.

Themandrivingtoofast

wasdrunk.

定語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)中，修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的有：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞（關(guān)系代詞可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)；關(guān)系副詞可作狀語(yǔ)）。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在其后。定語(yǔ)從句可分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。例：Thegirlwhoisbehindthetree

isKate.

Theman

whowasdrivingtoofast

wasdrunk.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that:指人或物which：指物who:指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ),也可作賓語(yǔ)whom:指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)whose：……的，指人或物，在從句中做定語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞

1.who指人,作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可省略）Imetsomeonewhosaidheknewyou.who是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞someone,同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語(yǔ)，也起連詞的作用，把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來(lái)。關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。2.whom指人,作賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。關(guān)系代詞

3.whose是代詞的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.4.which指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary

(which)youborrowbooksfrom?5.that指人或物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

Iknowthegirlthatattendedtheparty.ThatisthejobthatI'mhuntingfor.關(guān)系代詞

關(guān)系詞判斷步驟:

首先，要看先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代詞可用

who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞可用which或that;

然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表先行詞

主格

賓格

所有格

人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose

物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich

最后，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和先行詞一致.

注:定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。

Thewoman

who/that

spokeatthemeetingyesterday

is

my

mother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(敘述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))(從句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示過(guò)去時(shí)間)thetallthestrongthecleverboyTheboyisTom.Theboy

whoistallisTom.Theboy

whoisstrongisTomTheboy

whoiscleverisTomTheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.

(主語(yǔ))Theboy

who

hasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who)everyonelikesiskind.

(賓語(yǔ))

Thewomangotthejob.

Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreet

gotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)

wemetyesterday

willgiveusatalk.appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapple

which

isredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.Canyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.Canyoufindthepenwithwhich

Iwrotejustnow?Canyoufindthepen(which)

Iwrotewithjustnow?1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.注意:

固定動(dòng)介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…關(guān)系代詞與介詞:

介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),介詞賓語(yǔ)只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介詞在末尾時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省略)定語(yǔ)從句中需注意事項(xiàng)有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which1.從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)

Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行詞是something,nothing,anything等不定代詞時(shí)

Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.3.先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.4.先行詞是oneof,theone,或用little,much,few,no,all,some,any,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast作修飾時(shí)

Isittheonethatyouwant?Ihaven’tgotmuchthatIcanofferyou.

5.當(dāng)主句已有疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)，用thatWhoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用

who,不用that

1).先行詞是anyone,someone,those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2).在therebe

句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.Thescientist?wemetyesterdayisvery

whofamousintheworld.whomthat(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.

which?

(3)Heisthekindperson.

Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.

(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthis

film.HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworked

whowith.

whom?

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

?

關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞,在句中作狀語(yǔ)。

where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代地點(diǎn)。=介詞+which

when:

在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代時(shí)間。=介詞+which

why:在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，指代原因。=forwhich1.Thehotelwasn’tclean.

+Westayedatthehotel.Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.The

hotel

(which)

westayedatwasn’tclean.2.I’llneverforgettheday.

IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.

I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheLeague.限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)修飾和限定先行詞的，是復(fù)合中不可缺少的組成部分。若將它去掉，先行詞的意思就不明確，主句也不完整了。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，若省去也不影響主句的意思。它和主句之間常和逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞：which，who，whom,whose,when,where,as關(guān)系詞that和why都不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。who引導(dǎo)Ourguide，whowasaFrenchCanadian，wasanexcellentcook.我們的向?qū)В粋€(gè)法裔加拿大人，擅長(zhǎng)于烹調(diào)。whom引導(dǎo)關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人，在句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可位于句首。如：Peter,whomyoumetinLondon,isnowbackinParis.彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了，你在倫敦見(jiàn)過(guò)他。MrSmith，fromwhomIhavelearnedalot，isafamousscientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家，我從他那兒學(xué)了許多東西。whose引導(dǎo)whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人，也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。如：Theboy,whosefatherisanengineer,studiesveryhard.那位父親是位工程師小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力。which引導(dǎo)關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語(yǔ)、其他從句或整個(gè)主句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。①which指代主句中的名詞，被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動(dòng)物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。如：Theseappletrees，whichIplantedthreeyearsago，havenotborneanyfruit.這些蘋(píng)果樹(shù)是我三年前栽的，還沒(méi)有結(jié)過(guò)果實(shí)。②which指代主句中的形容詞。如：Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren，whichherhusbandseldomwas.③which指代主句中的某個(gè)從句。如：Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore，whichwasnottrue.他說(shuō)以前從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她，這不是真的。④which指代整個(gè)主句。如：Inthepresenceofsomanypeoplehewaslittletense,whichwasunderstandable.在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張，這是可以理解的。when引導(dǎo)關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。如：HewillputoffthepicnicuntilMay1st,whenhewillbefree.他將把郊游推遲到5月1號(hào)，那時(shí)他將有空。where引導(dǎo)副詞where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。如：TheywenttoLondon，wheretheylivedforsixmonths.他們?nèi)チ藗惗?，在那兒呆了六個(gè)月的時(shí)間。as引導(dǎo)as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明但通常用于像asweallknow,asitisknown,asisknowntoall,asitis,asissaidabove,asalwaysmentionedabove,asisusual,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，且引出的從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。as有“正如……，就像……”之意。如：AsisknowntotheUnitedStates,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.美國(guó)人都知道，馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。（as在從句中作主語(yǔ)）1、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句中或句尾。2、當(dāng)as后面有“is或was+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞is或was可省略。3、as有時(shí)也可用作關(guān)系代詞。若as在從句中作主語(yǔ)，其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首或句中。但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放句中。4、as有正如…一樣、按照、正像、因?yàn)榈囊馑?，所以常用于肯定句，而which則用于肯定，否定都可以。5、在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中使用as例如：thesame…as、as…as。例句：1Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,which,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.（從句部分的意思為：這當(dāng)然使別人不高興；而不能譯為正如使別人不高興。故用which。）2Chongqingisnotthesamecityaswehaveseeninotherplaces.重慶和我們?cè)谄渌胤娇催^(guò)的城市不一樣。as與which的區(qū)別

單項(xiàng)選擇。

1.Thisisthejob______theylaughedat.A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark____builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman______atyesterday’smeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseen4.Theman______ispaintingthehouseismyuncle.A.he B.whomC.whose D.who5.Whatistheanimal______babyissleepinginitspocket?A.who B.whoseC.its D.whichACBDB6.Thisbookisforthestudents______nativelanguageisn’tEnglish.A.that B.ofwhomC.whose D.who’s7.Therobbersshouted,“Handsup!I’llshootanyone______moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.Thedictionary_____hepaid50yuanforisveryuseful.A.whichB.forwhichC.onwhichD.aboutwhich9Theboy_____parentsdiedtwoyearsagoliveswithhisgrandpanow.A.whoseB.whoC.hisD./10.Theman_______issmokingisabusdriver.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.whatCCAAB

根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子：1.Thisistheengineer________________________________(給我們作關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)報(bào)告的)theotherday.2.Mynecklaceis