包含綜合教程4中的一些課文翻譯及習題答案綜合教程4課后答案HandoutsandKeytobook4unit1-4Unit1Activereading(1)Lookingforajobafteruniversity?First,getoffthesofaBackgroundinformationAboutthepassage:ThisisanarticlebyanEducationCorrespondent,AlexandraBlair,publishedinSeptember2008inTheTimesalong-establishedBritishqualitynewspaper.InEuropegenerally,andinBritaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehasbeenarisingnumberofstudentswhogotouniversityandthereforemorenewgraduatesseekingemployment.However,formanygraduatesfindingajobbecameharderin2008 -2009becausetheeconomicdownturn-thenarecession-meantthatmanyemployerswerereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheirfinalexams,somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingforjobsandthentheyfoundthatitwasdifficulttofindemploymentintheirfieldorattheleveltheywanted.Thearticleaddressestheproblemsofsuchnewgraduateswhomightbestuckathomeandadvisestheirparentstobetherefortheirchildren(ietobeavailableiftheirchildrenwanttotalkabouttheproblemoriftheyneedhelp).Thearticlerecommendsfindingworkinabarorsupermarketratherthansittingunemployedathomesincethisismorelikelytoleadtobetteremploymentlater.Thestyleispartlyofareport,butalsoofahumorouscommentforlightentertainment(seeninthejokeylanguageandproblem-solvingadvicetoparents).Whyfindingajobin2008issodifficultforuniversitygraduates?UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,haveexpandedgreatlyinthelastfifteenyears(over45%ofyoungadultsnowgoontohighereducation),sotherearemoregraduateslookingforjobs.Thiscompetitivesituationbecamealotworsein2008onwardswiththecreditcrunchandeconomicdepression,whichmeantthattherewerefewerjobsavailableandariseinunemployment.Thusnewgraduateshavetobeactivetoseekajob,theyneedtofillinmanyapplicationformsandtrytogetjobinterviews:theywon 'tfindemploymentbylyingonthesofaathome.Culturepointshonoursdegree:Traditionally,intheBritishuniversitysystem,BAandBSchonoursdegreesareawardedindifferentcategories:afirstclassdegree(writtenusingRomannumbersasI),asecond(dividedintotwosubcategories,writtenasIIiiandIIii,whicharecalled “atwoone”and“atwotwo"),athird(writtenIII)andapassdegree.Mostpeoplegetasecond.Therearealsoordinarydegreeswithmoregeneralcoursesofstudywithoutthesecategories.GenerationYandGrunt:ThemainideahereisthatthereisasuccessionofdifferentgenerationsorcohortsofadultswhocomeintotheworkforceinNorthAmericawhicharegivendifferentinformalnamestocharacterizethem.First,“Babyboomers”wereborninthegreatincrease(theboom)ofbirthsafterWorldWarII(1946 -1960),followedby"GenerationX”people(born1960 -1980)whoweresaidtobringnewattitudesofbeingindependent,informal,entrepreneurial,andexpectedtogetskillsandhaveacareerbeforethem.“GenerationY"orthe“MillenialGeneration”(born1980sand1990sandbecomingadultinthenewmillenium)arenowmakingupanincreasingpercentageoftheworkforce;theyaresaidtobespoiltbydotingparents,tohavestructuredlives,tobeusedtoteamworkanddiversepeopleinamulticulturalsociety.Inthepassage,thisgenerationisnowbecoming(morphinginto)GenerationGrunt,whichisanironicnamereferringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineormindlesswork-thismaybetheonlyworkavailabletosomegraduates,whomayhavetotakeveryordinaryjobstogetexperiencebeforetheyfindsomethingmoresuitable. "Grunt“alsoreferstocoarsebehaviourorbadmannersandtothedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;whenpeople“grunt"theyexpressdisgustbutdonotcommunicatewithwords-thismaybehowtheparentsofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildrencommunicatewiththem!AcomprehensivereferstoaBritishtypeofsecondaryschoolwhichbecamepopularinthe1960s.Beforethattherewereacademic“grammarschools"andmoregeneral asecondarymodern”schoolsforthosewhodidnotpassthegrammarschoolentrancetests,butthecomprehensiveschoolsweredesignedforallstudentsinasocialphilosophyofbringingdiversestudentstogetherwhethertheywereacademicornot.Thosestudentswhowenttoacomprehensiveschoolprobablyfeltthathadtostudyparticularlyhard(Iworkedmybacksideoff)togettouniversity,comparedtothosewhowenttogrammarschoolswhereallstudentswereacademic一comprehensivestudentsfelttheyhadtostruggletogettouniversity.ChickensuitThisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethatsomeonewearswhichmakesthepersonlooklikeagiantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,BradPittoncedressedinsuchacostumewhenhehadajobadvertisingforarestaurantcalledElPolloLoco(TheCrazyChicken'inSpanish)-thejobmeantthathehadtowalkaroundthestreetslikeachickentoattractcustomerstocometotherestaurant.Languagepoints1Thosememoriesofforkingoutthousandsofpoundsayearsothathecouldeatwellandgototheoddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.(Para1)Theparentspaidalotofmoneyfortheirson 'suniversityfeesandlivingexpenses(sothathecouldeatwell)andforoccasionalsocialevents-atgraduationthesememoriesofmoneyweremostlyforgottenbecausetheparentswereproud.Butnowtheparentsarethinkingofmoneyagainbecausethesondoesn'thaveajobanddoesn'tseemtobeactivelyseekingone.2ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernightintoamemberofGenerationGrunt.(Para2)ThedistinguishedsonofGenerationX(oftheparents'generationwhoworkedhard,gotjobs,andhadgoodcareersandexpectedtheirsontodothesame)haschangedintoamemberofGenerationGrunt-hedoesn'tseemtocommunicatemuch,liesaroundanddoesn'tgetajob(orcanonlydoalowstatusroutingjob).Ipassedtheexams,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedmeofbeing'toodetached'andtalkinginlanguagethatwas'tootechnocratic',whichIdidn'tthinkpossible,butobviouslyitis.(Para5)Hepassedtheentranceexamsforagovernmentpost,buthewascriticizedintheselectioninterviews:Theysaidhewasdetached(notpersonallyinvolved)andtootechnocratic(heusedthelanguageofatechnicalexpertorhighauthority).Asanewgraduateheprobablywantedtoshowhisexpertiseinhislanguagesohecan'tunderstandthiscriticism.Fortherestitis9-to-5"chilling"beforeheadingtothepub.(Para6)Theotherswhodonothavearoutinelowstatusjob(likestackinggoodsonasupermarketshelf)chilloutallday(theyspendtheirtimecasuallyrelaxing-theydon'tlookforwork)andgotopubforadrinkintheevening.IwenttoacomprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideofftogotoagooduniversity…(Para6)Hewenttoaschoolforstudentsofallabilities(nottoaspecialschoolforacademicstudents)andsohehadtoworkveryhardtoenteragooduniversity:Yourbacksidemeansyourbottom—thepartofyourbodythatyousiton toworkyourbacksideoffisinformalanditmeansyouworkveryhardindeed.…buthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,sheandherhusbandfindittrickytoadvisehimonhowtoproceed.(Para7)Themotherhasalwayshadafull-timejob(presumablythefatherisalsoworkingfull-time),soshedoesnothaverelevantpersonalexperience.Forher,itistrickytogiveadvice(difficulttodo).Carryonlifeasnormalanddon'tallowthemtoabuseyourbankaccountorsapyourreserveofemotionalenergy.(Para11)TheadvicefromGaelLindenfieldhereisthatparentsshouldliveasusual.Theyshouldneitherlettheirchildrenspendtheparents'moneyunnecessarily,norlettheproblemtakeawayalltheirenergyandemotions.Saptheirreservemeansuseuptheirstoreofemotionalenergy.Afterthatthesonordaughterneedstobenudgedfirmlybackintothesaddle.(Para12)Thentheparentsshouldgentlypushtheirchildrenfirmlysothattheygetbackintocontroloftheirlives.ReadingandunderstandingChoosethebestanswertothequestions.TeachingtipsGooverthecorrectanswerswithSsandaskthemtoexplainwhytheotheranswersarewrong(Seebelow).Whyhasn'tJackGoodwingotajobyet?Hedoesn'thaveaverygooddegree.(No,hehasa2:1whichisconsideredagooddegree.)Herefusestoapplyforjobswithlowsalaries.(Hefeelsheshouldgetabetterjobafterstudyingatuniversity.)Itisn'teasytogetajobinthecurrentfinancialclimate.(Thismaybetruebutthepassagedoesnotmentionthis.)Hepreferstostayathomeandhelphisfamily.(No,hedoesn'tseemtobehelpinghisfamily:hewatchesTVandtalkstofriends.)Howdoeshespendatypicalday?Doingatemporaryjob.(No,someofhisfriendsareworkingintemporaryjobsbuthedoesn'twanttodothis.)Watchingtelevision.(HewatchesTValot.)Queuingupintheuniversitycareersservice.(No,hewentthereoncebuthedidn'twanttoqueuesohewalkedaway.)Preparingforthenextjobinterview.(No,hedoesn'tseemtobepreparingforinterviews.)Howdomostofhisfriendsspendtheday?Theydonothingalldayandgotothepubintheevening.(Allexceptoneofthemdonothingexceptchill,thentheygotothepub.)Theydooutdooractivitiessuchassailing.(No,noneofthemseemtodooutdooractivities;thereisnomentionofsailing.)Theyareforcedtoworkbytheirparents.(No,onlyoneofthemhasbeenforcedouttostackshelvesbyhisparents;theothersseemtobelikeJack.)Theydopart-timejobssuchasworkinginabar.(No,thetextmentionsbarworkbutnoneofJack 'sfriendsseemtodothiswork.)HowareJack'sparentshelpinghim?Bylookingforjobsforhim.(No,Jackhastriedtogetajobhimself;there 'snothinghereabouthisparentshelpinghimlookforajob.)BypayingforatriptoSouthAmerica.(No,althoughheisgoingonathree-weektriptoSouthAmerica,thepassagedoesnotsaythatJack'sparentshavepaidforthis.)Bygraduallymakinghimmorefinanciallyaware.(Thepassagedoesnotsaysoexplicitly,butthisistheimplicationaboutthecut-offpointafterthetripwhenhemaybeexpectedtopayrentandcontributetothehouseholdbills.)Bythreateningtothrowhimoutofthehouse.(No,theyhaven'tthreatenedtodothis,buttheydefinitelywanthimtoworkafterhegetsbackfromhistrip.)WhatdoesGaelLindenfieldsayaboutJack'sparents?TheyhavenotreallyunderstoodJack'sproblems.(No,shedoesn'tsaythis;shesaystheymustbalancebeingpositivewithnotmakinglifetoocomfortable.Thisdoesn'tmeantheyhaven'tunderstoodJack'sproblems.)TheyhavemadelifetoocomfortableforJack.(No,shesaystheymustbalancecomfortwithbeingpositive.Thisdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthattheyhavealreadymadelifetoocomfortableforJack.)Theapproachtheyhavechosenistherightone.(Shesaystheyhavestruckexactlytherightnote.)Theyneedhelpfromapsychologist.(No,shedoesn'tsaythis.)WhatdoWhoopiGoldberg,BruceW川isandBradPitthaveincommon?Theyalldidbarworkbeforegoingtouniversity.(No,wedon'tknowfromthepassageifanyofthemdidthis.)Theytookpartinprotestsagainstnuclearpowerplants.(No,wedon'tknowisanyofthemdidthis)Theylearnttoactbydressingupasgiantchickens.(No,onlyBradPittdidthis.)Theyalldidtemporaryjobsatonestageintheirlives.(Thisisright,althoughtheyallhadcompletelydifferenttemporaryjobs.)Dealingwithunfamiliarwords3Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.tomakeprogressbymovingtothenextstageinaseriesofactionsorevents(proceed)theprocessofchangingfromonesituation,formorstatetoanother(transition)notfeelinginvolvedwithsomeoneorsomethinginacloseoremotionalway(detached)referringtosomethingwhichwillhappensoon(upcoming)tobesittingstillinapositionthatisnotupright(slump)toreturntoapreviousstateorwayofbehaving(revert)tosaywhathappened(recount)CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity3.Itisn'teasytomakethe(1)transitionfromabusyuniversitystudenttoanunemployedyoungadult(2)slumpedonabarstoolorhalfwatchingamindlesstelevisionshow,wonderingifandhowtheircareerisgoingto(3)proceed.Manypeoplewhohaveexperiencedalongperiodofinactivitylikethis,when(4)recountinghowtheyfeltatthetime,refertothesamestrangepsychologicaleffect.Asthedayspass,theybegintofeel(5)detachedfromanysenseofpressuretogoandlookforajob,andtendtoregard(6)upcominginterviewsasiftheywerenotveryimportant.Typically,backathomeafterthreeorfouryearsaway,they(7)reverttooldhabits,startseeingoldfriends,and,inmanycases,becomedependentagainontheirparents.Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.Iwenttoamixed-abilitysecondaryschooljustoutsideLondon.(comprehensive)Igotstoppedbyapolicemanwhoaskedtoseemydrivinglicence.(cop)HaveyouseenthisbeautifulfromtheairviewofOxford?(aerial)Isabeltightlyherbagasshewalkeddownthecorridortowardstheoffice.(clutched)YoushouldspeaktoToby;he'sansupporterofflexibleworkinghours.(advocate)Ihurtmylegbadlyacoupleofmonthsago,anditstillhasn'tgotbettercompletely. (healed)Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.Isadead-endjobonewith(a)excitingprospects,or(b)nofuture?Isatrickyproblem(a)difficult,or(b)easytosolve?Ifanactivitysapsallyourenergy,doyoufeel(a)tired,or(b)moreactivethanusual?Doesapushypersontryto(a)persuadeyoutodosomethingyoudon'twantto,or(b)helpyoubylisteningtowhatyouhavetosay?Ifyoufeelapathy,doyouwantto(a)changetheworld,or(b)stayathomeanddonothing?7Answerthequestionsaboutthephrases.Isforkout(a)aformal,or(b)aninformalwayofsayingtopayforsomething?Ifyouareinthesameboatasanotherperson,areyou(a)makingthesamejourneytogether,or (b)inthesamedifficultorunpleasantsituation?Ifyoufeelyouhavecomefullcircle,doyou(a)feelyouarebackwhereyoustarted,or(b)feelasenseofsatisfactionbecauseyouhavecompletedsomething?Ifsomeonetakesasoftline,dotheydealwithaperson(a)inakindandsympatheticway,or(b)inalazywaywithoutmakingadecision?Ifyoustriketherightnoteaboutsomething,areyouexpressingyourself(a)well,or(b)badly?Ifyoudosomethingbyallmeans,doyou(a)tryyourbesttodoit,or(b)notcareaboutit?Ifyounudgesomeonebackintothesaddle,areyouencouragingthemto(a)takeresponsibilityagain,or(b)takeiteasy?Ifyoutalkthroughaproblemwithsomeone,doyou(a)examineitcarefullyandsensitively,or(b)refertoitquicklyandthenchangethesubject?ReadingandinterpretingAnswerthequestions.“Willheevergetajob?”Whoisaskingthisquestion?Whatmooddoesitexpress?Theparentsareaskingthisbecausetheparagraphisaddressedtoparents(earlieritsays “yourgraduateson").Themoodseemstoexpresspatienceorresignationbecausetheword “ever”suggeststhatgettingajobwilltakealongtime.WhodescribesGenerationYas“rebelswithoutacause"?Isitafairdescription?Thisisthewritersdescriptiontoindicatethatthisgenerationisrebellingagainstparentsorsociety,buttheyhavenothingparticulartorebelagainst.Thisdoesn'tseemveryfairbecausethestudentsaretryingtofindwork—itisjustthattheydon'tliketheirparentsnaggingthem.Sotheyareabitrebelliousagainsttheirparents,butnomorethanthat.Jack“walkedintotheuniversitycareersserviceandstraightbackoutagain”.WhatdoesthissuggestaboutJack'scharacter?ItsuggeststhatJackisnotverydetermined.Assoonashesawthequeueheleftwithoutwaitingandwithouttryingtoaskaboutjobsorcareers.Jackspentthesummer“hiding”.Hidingfromwhat?Whyarequotationmarksused?Probablythismeanshewashidingfromtheworldofwork,stayingathomeandnotlookingforajob.Thequotationmarkstellusthathewasn'tliterallyhiding,hejustspentalotoftimeathome.HowisMrsGoodwin'spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonalexperience?Inonewayherexperiencehasn'taffectedherattitude:Sheleftschoolandwentimmediatelytoajob(withoutgoingtouniversity)andhasbeenworkingfull-timesincethenandyetsheissympatheticandtakesasoftline.HowisLindenfield'spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonalexperience?Herpersonalexperiencewasthatsheworkedinabarbeforefindingherfirstproperjobasanaerialphotographicassistant.Soshesayssuchworkisagreatnetworkingopportunity.Ifnewgraduatesaregoodatsuchworkandbright,cheerfulandpolite,theywillsoonbepromoted.Herpersonalexperiencethusreflects-orperhapshascreated-herpointofview.Whatwouldthefirsttwoparagraphshavefocusedoniftheyhadbeenpresentedfromthepointofviewofthestudentsratherthantheparents?Thefirsttwoparagraphswouldhavefocusedontheneedforthenewgraduatestorestforabitaftertheirhardstudies.ItisOKforstudentstorelaxwiththeTVortosocializewithfriendsforawhile,thentheycanstartaserioussearchforemploymentafterthat.Activereading(2)IfyouaskmeBackgroundinformationThisisaninformalandpersonalizedaccountofaneconomicsgraduatewhogetsajobinapubforayearandthenhasanopportunitytobesuccessful(aluckybreak).SheworksinaLondonpubcalled“TheSalisbury”or“TheMarquisSalisbury”,namedaftersomeonewhowastheBritishPrimeMinisterthreetimesbetween1885and1902andwhosefamilyonceownedthepub'sland.The100yearoldpubisinLeadenhallStreet,justofftheCharingCrossRoadandLeicesterSquare.Daytimecustomerscangetapublunchandeveningcustomersincludemanyofficeworkersandtheatregoers(thepubisnearmanyWestEndtheatres).Theinteriorofthispubisdazzling,withlargemirrors,cutglassandamahoganydecor.Britishpubsareoftennamedafterfamouspeople(RobinHoodTheDukeofWellington)orroyalty(TheQueer!sArms,thePrinceofWales)orhistoricalsymbols(TheRoseandCrowntorepresentKingEdwardIII,TheRoyalOaktorepresentKingCharlesIIwhooncehidinalargeoaktree).Othernamesoftenincludecoloursandanimals(TheRedBull,TheBlackHorse,TheGoldenLion,TheSwanorsymbolsoftraditionaltrades(TheCompassesorcarpenters, TheThreeHammersforblacksmiths,TheThreeTunsforwinemakers).Asthepubisasocialplacetomeetaswellasaplacetogetadrink,peopleoftenplaygameslikedominoesordartsorjoinaquizorcompetition.Acommonexpressionisto “godownthepub"or“goroundtothelocal”(bothmeaningtogotothelocalpub).CulturepointspubinLondon:Apubisaplacewherepeoplegoforadrinkandtomeetfriendsandsocialize.Peoplecanplaygames-suchasdarts,cards,dominoes-inapubandpubsoftenhavequiznights,withprizesforthewinners,andlivemusic(SeealsoBackgroundinformation)TheSalisburyisawell-knownpubincentralLondon(SeealsoBackgroundinformation)LondonSchoolofEconomicsisadistinguisheduniversityincentralLondon,famousforsocialsciences.LanguagepointsIfyouaskme,reallifeisnotallit 'scrackeduptobe.(Para1)Inmyopinion(Ifyouaskmeintroducesanopinion),reallifeisnoteverythingthatpeoplesayitis.Ifathingiscrackeduptobe,peoplenormallypraiseitbutintheopinionofthespeakertheyarewrong.…spendingmoneywhenyoudon'thaveanyisdeadeasy.(Para7)Deadheremeansvery.Forexample,wecansaydeadtired(exhausted),adeadloss(acompletelossoruseless),adeadweight(veryheavy,difficulttolift).Whatweretheoddsonanyonebeingsonice?(Para11)Whatarethechancesthatsomeonewouldbesonice?Thewriterisemphasizingherethatsuchkindnessisveryunusual.…lookingbackafteralltheseyears,youonlyneedoneortwobreaksinyourlifetosucceed.(Para13)Abreakheremeansachancetobesuccessful.Aluckybreakisanunexpectedopportunity.Readingandunderstanding2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.Whatdidthewriterwanttodoafterfinishingherdegree?TodoanMAattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.Toearnsomemoneytopayoffherloan.Tostartworkingassoonaspossible.Toreturnhomeandhelphermother.WhydidsheaskforajobinTheSalisbury?Shewashungryandthirsty.Shethoughtitwouldleadtobetterthings.Shewasafriendofthelandlord.Shehadtheideawhenshesawthelandlordworking.Whatdidshebuywithherfirstsalary?Abunchofflowers.ACDandaplantfortheflatshelivedin.Ahamsandwichandaglassofbeer.Shedidnthaveanymoneyleftafterpayingthebills.WhydidTonygiveher￡20,000?Hefoundoutitwasherbirthdayandwantedtohelp.Hetrustedherandthoughtitwouldhelpher.Hewantedhertoleavethepubandworkforhim.Hewassecretlyinlovewithher.Whatdidshedowiththemoney?SheusedittopayforhercourseattheLSE.Shelostalotofitinthe2008stockmarketcrash.SheinvesteditandpaidbackTonyandotherinvestors.Sheusedittostartherownbusiness.WhywasTonypleasedwhensherepaidtheloan?Hehadhadanaccidentandneededthemoneyforawheelchair.Itmeantthathewouldbeabletoseeheragain.Itprovedthathehadbeenrighttoinvestinher.Shepaidbacktheloanwithalotofinterest.3Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter's:1familybackground?Hermotherhadworkedhardfor15yearstosupporthereducationbutcouldn'taffordanyfurthersupport.Herfatherwasn'taroundmostofthetime.Hedidn'thaveanymoneybecausehespentitongamblingondogracingordrinkinginpubs.careerasastudent?ShehadagooddegreeineconomicsandwantedtostudyforamasterscourseattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.ambition?ShewantedtogetajobinfinanceorinvestmentsinLondonbecausethenshewouldbeabletouseherdegree.appreciationofotherpeople?SheappreciatedMike'sfriendlinesswithcustomersandhisskill,andsheappreciatedTonyasaniceperson;latersheappreciatedthetrustofTonyandhisfriendslovelife?Wedon'tknowmuchaboutthis,exceptthatshedoesn'tlikeboystohassleher.Shethinkstheyareimmature.

financialexpertise?Itmustbequitegood:Sheinvestedthe ￡20,000andmadeenoughprofittopaythemoneybackwithinterestandsetupherowncompany.senseofresponsibility?Shehasastrongsenseofresponsibilitybecauseshepaidbackthemoneytotheinvestorsandpaidthemanannualinterestfortheloan.philosophyoflife?Shebelievesthatyoushouldworkhard;youmayneedoneortwobreakstosucceedbutyoushouldknowhowtousethebreaks.Youshouldbehonestandresponsiblewithpeoplewhotrustyou.Dealingwithunfamiliarwords4Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.funnyorentertaining(amusing)usedforemphasizingthatsomethinggoodhashappened,especiallybecauseofgoodluck(fortunately)(deduct)anamountofmoneythataperson,businessorcountryborrows,usuallyfromabank(loan)(deduct)totakeanamountornumberfromatotalthemostexciting,impressive,orinterestingpartofanevent(highlight)toshowthatyouunderstandsomeone'sproblems(sympathize)needingalotoftime,ability,andenergy(demanding)5CompletetheconversationwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity4.TeachingtipsWhenSshavecompletedtheblankswiththecorrectformoftheappropriatewords,askthemtopracticereadingthedialogue,tryingtomaketheirreadingsoundasconversationalaspossible.Chooseapairtoperformtheirreadingtotheclass.Theclasslistensandgivestheperformingpairaratingonascaleof1-10forfluencyandnaturalness.AAfterthreeyearsatuniversity,I 'mnowquiteheavilyindebt.BI(1)sympathizewithyou,Iknowwhatit'sliketohavefinancialproblems.But(2)fortunatelyIdidn'tneedtotakeoutastudent(3) loanwhenIwasatuniversity,becauseIhadapart-timejob.AWhatdidyoudo?BIworkedinarestaurantatweekends.AThatmusthavebeenvery(4)demanding.BYes,itwas.Ihadtogettherightbalancebetweenworkandstudy.Buttheotherpeoplewhoworkedthereweregoodfuntobewith,soitwasquite(5)amusingtoo.The(6)highlightoftheweekendwasalwaysSaturdaynightwhenweworkedovertime.AButIdon'texpectyoumadealotofmoney?BNo,therewasntmuchafterthey'd(7)deductedtaxandpensioncontributions.Butitwasenoughtokeepmegoing.6Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.WhenIwasatcollegeIkeptallmypersonalthingsinanoldcupboard.Alotofpeoplewholeaveuniversitybeforegettingadegreeendupingoodjobs.Ithinkshe'llgetagooddegree,butIwouldn'triskmymoneyontheexactresult.ThemoneyIspentatcollegewasmorethanwhatIearnedinmypart-timejob.Thechancesofmybeingofferedajobafterthatinterviewmustbequiteremote.Ourbusinesshasdoneverywellsincewechangedouradvertising.Ithinktellingthetruthandnotcheatingisalwaysthebestpolicy.Key:(1)belongings(2)dropouts(3)gamble(4)exceeded(5)odds6)hasthrived(7)honestyAnswerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.Ifsomethingisnotallit'scrackeduptobe,isit(a)validandinteresting,or (b)justalittlebitdisappointing?Ifsomeonekeepsbangingonaboutsomething,areyoulikelytobe(a)interestedin,or (b)boredbywhattheysay?Ifthereisalotofhassleinyourlife,areyoulikelytofeel(a)stressed,or(b)relaxed?Ifsomethinghappensoutoftheblue,isit(a)unexpected,or(b)partofyourplan?Ifyousayyouendedupinaparticularjob,doyousuggestthat(a)youhavefuelledyourambition,or(b)ithappenedalmostbychance?Aretheregularsinapub(a)thecustomerswhocomeveryoften,or(b)thefoodthepuboffersmostoften?Ifsomethingisdeadeasy,isit (a)veryeasy,or(b)noteasyatall?8Ifyoutreatsomeonetosomething,doyou (a) buysomethingniceforthem,or(b)behavebadlytothem?9Ifyoucheeraplaceup,doyou(a)maketheplacelookbrighter,or(b)makethepeopleintheplacehappier?Readingandinterpreting8Lookatthesentencesfromthepassageandidentifythes