ProfessionsForWomenMADEBYJONIOR,CLASS2

NO.10,16,18,25,34,35弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫1882-1941,Englishnovelist,criticandessayistBornandbroughtupinanupper-middle-class,sociallyactive,literaryfamily.Waseducatedathome,becomingavoraciousreaderofthebooksinherfather’sextensivelibrary.Experiencedherfirstboutofmentalillnessafterhermother’sdeathandsufferedfrombipolardisorder,mania-depressionillness,fortherestofherlife.-WorksEARLYWORKSTheVoyageOut,1915《出?！種ightandDay,1919《日夜》LATERWORKSJacob’sRoom,1922《雅各的房間》Mrs.Dalloway,1925

《黛洛維夫人》TotheLighthouse,1927

《到燈塔去》Orlando,1928《奧爾蘭多》TheWaves,1931《海浪》TheYears,1937《年月》BetweentheActs,1941《幕與幕之間》COLLECTIONSOFESSAYS,literarycommentariesARoomofOne’sOwn,1929《一間自己的房間》MomentsofBeing,1941,《存在的瞬間》-THEMESAsanovelistWoolf'sprimaryconcernwastorepresenttheflowofordinaryexperience.Heremphasiswasnotonplotorcharacterizationbutonacharacter'sconsciousness,thoughtsandfeelings,whichshebrilliantlyilluminatedbythestreamofconsciousnesstechniqueandinteriormonologueShewroteaboutthemindandinnerselfofhercharacters,andshetriedabovealltorepresenthowtimeevolvedinthemind.MOMENTSOFBEING(瞬間的存在)Shethoughtthateachindividualreactsinadifferentwaytothehundredsofsensationsandimpressionsheorshereceiveseveryday:“Lifeisaluminoushalo（發(fā)光的光環(huán)）…surroundingusfromthebeginningofconsciousnesstotheend”.She,therefore,eliminatedtraditionalplotsanddirectdialogues.Externalrealitylostitstraditionalimportance,exceptfortheinfluenceithadoninnerlife,thelifeofmind.Shelimitedtheactiontooneday(MrsDalloway),ortotwodifferentdays(TotheLighthouse),orafewhours(BetweentheActs).Sherecordedmomentsthatshecalled“momentsofbeing”whichencapsulate（總結(jié)、概括）reallifeandtherealselfandaremomentsofintuitionthroughwhichatruthisperceived.Thisiswhyshesometimesdevotedhundredofpagestoasingledaybecauseaninsignificantexternalincidenthasstartedachainofthoughtswhileatothertimesshedealtwithanumberofyearsinjustafewpages.MOMENTSOFBEING(瞬間的存在)WomenInAncientTimeThreeObediences

andFourVirtuesforWomanObeyherfatherbeforemarriage(未嫁從父)Obeyherhusbandwhenmarriage(既嫁從夫)Obeyhersonsinwidowhood(夫死從子)Morality(婦德)Properspeech(婦言)Modestmanner(婦容)Diligentwork(婦功)Befaithfultoone’shusbandtotheendChastitymemorialarch(貞節(jié)牌坊):Astonearcherectedbythegovernmentofformertimesinhonorofachastewomanwidowedatayoungage.Thestarvingtodeathmatterissmall,thebeingdisloyalmatterisbig.SevenoftheArticleAhusbandcanabandonhiswiferightlyifshe：First,isnotfilial.(不順父母)Second,hasnoson.(無(wú)子)Third,iswanton.(淫)Fourth,tendstobejealous.(妒)Fifth,hasseriousdisease.(有惡疾)Sixth,isgossipyorhasabigmouth.(口多言)Seventh,steals.(盜竊)Foot-bindingInfavorofwomanbeingimprisonedinaboudoir(閨房)，thescopeoftheiractivitiesbestrictlylimitedtocomplywiththe“ThreeObedienceandFourVirtues”.Thepropriety,accordingtoman’sdesiretoachievetheexclusivepurposeoftheirvirginity(純潔).Socialrootsofthepopularfoot-binding纏足是中國(guó)封建社會(huì)特有的一種裝飾陋習(xí)。其具體做法是用一條狹長(zhǎng)的布袋，將婦女的足踝緊緊縛住，從而使肌骨變態(tài)，腳形纖小屈曲，以符合當(dāng)時(shí)的審美觀。在纏足時(shí)代，絕大多數(shù)婦女大約從四、五歲起便開始裹腳，一直到成年之后，骨骼定型，方能將布帶解開；也有終身纏裹，直到老死之日。Thewomanthemselvesbodyandtheresultingphysiologicalandotherchangestobetterassumetheirfuturefertilitytool.Thewilloftherulesofthepeopleoftheworld.Thefeudalgentry(上流社會(huì)人)morbid(病態(tài)的)aestheticdictates.Manywoman,suchasfeudalliterati(文人、學(xué)者)asaplaying,morbidaesthetic,enjoyingahobbyfeet.男性在社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等其他一切領(lǐng)域中占據(jù)著絕對(duì)主導(dǎo)地位，而女人的活動(dòng)空間僅僅局限在家庭之內(nèi)，由此可以看出男性的統(tǒng)治地位和女性的附屬地位，女人依附男人而存在，男人創(chuàng)造了整個(gè)世界。而女人只不過是男人身上的一根肋骨而已。女人為男人而生，為男人而死，地位是何等的低賤卑微。

Inlongslavesocietyandfeudalsociety,productivityisverylow.Whetherinthefieldsorintheworkshop,mostoftheworkisheavymanuallabor.Thusmanoccupyinherentphysiologicaladvantage.Womentakecareofthechildren,dohousework,andtheycreatethevalueofhardtolikethevalueofmancreatedintheformofcurrency.Womanbecomesubservienttothemenslowly,womenbecometheirslavestools.Mancanlikebuyingandsellinganimalsregardwomenasprivatepropertytotradeandbusiness.

Meninthesocial,political,economic,culturalandotherfieldsoccupiestheabsolutedominantposition,butawoman'sactivityspacelimitedwithinthefamily.Thusitcanbeseenthatthedominanceofmaleandfemalesubordinatestatus.Mencreatedthewholeworld.Thewomanisonlyoneofman'sribs.Womanborntoaman,womanformantodeath.Howlowlyhumblestatus.

Women’sStatusAtHomeWomanplayedanimportantroleinsociety.Now

many

women

are

going

into

professions,

such

as

medicine,

law

and

engineering.

They

comprise

a

large

part

of

the

workers

in

businesses

and

factories.

In

addition,

they

are

working

up

to

important

positions

which

used

to

be

held

mainly

by

men.

There

are

even

some

businesses

which

are

run

completely

be

women.

Clearly,

women

are

making

outstanding

contributions

to

the

progress

of

modern

society.

女性在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。如今許多女性走上工作崗位，如醫(yī)學(xué)，法律和工程行業(yè)。他們中也包含一大部分企業(yè)和工廠的工人。另外，他們也逐漸進(jìn)入之前只由男性來(lái)?yè)?dān)任的工作崗位。甚至有一些企業(yè)純粹由女性來(lái)運(yùn)作。顯然，婦女在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的進(jìn)步中做出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。

BUTTheroleofwomeninHOMEisstillbelowtheman.Inthereality,youcanalwaysheartheword"beatingone'swife"insteadof"beatingone'shusband".

Because,therearestillsomepeoplewhoassertthatmenaresuperiortowomeninmanyways.Firstly,manyjobsmendocanhardlybedonebywomen,whoarephysicallynotstrongenough.Secondly,mostoftheworld-famousscientistsandstatesmenarefoundtobemales.Finally,thewholesocietyseemstohavealwaysbeendominatedbymenonly.Intheiropinion,menshouldenjoymorerightsthanwomendo.因?yàn)?，仍然有一些人主張男人在許多方面優(yōu)于女性。首先，許多男人可以做的工作女人做起來(lái)卻很難，女性身體不夠健壯。其次，大部分世界著名的科學(xué)家和政治家都是男性。再次，整個(gè)社會(huì)似乎一直是由男性來(lái)占主導(dǎo)地位的，男人應(yīng)享有比女性更多的權(quán)利。

InmanyChinese’smind,someonewillteaseyouifyouareafraidofyourwifebutit'snormaltofearthehusband

Andthemostimportantreasonisthatthewomen’slegalrightscan'tbeprotectedwell,“Domesticabuse“incidentpunishmentisnotserious.

Someonecalledwangyuguangalwaysbeathiswifeuntilkillhiswife,finallyhewasonlysentencetosixyears.conclusion由于中國(guó)由傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)型，導(dǎo)致大量社會(huì)成員角色認(rèn)知發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)換，包括職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型、生活地域的變化以及隨之而來(lái)的身份、地位、價(jià)值觀、社會(huì)權(quán)利等各方面的完全轉(zhuǎn)型。現(xiàn)在，不僅男性離開家庭走向工作崗位,女性也大量地離開家庭，進(jìn)軍各個(gè)行業(yè)，由單一的家庭角色向職業(yè)、家庭兼顧型雙重角色轉(zhuǎn)變，成為家庭的又一經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱。BecauseofChinesetransformationfromtraditionalsocietytomodernsociety,resultinginalargenumberofsocialmembers‘rolesandchanges,includingthecompletetransformationofvariouschangesoccupationtransformation,livingareaandtheconsequentidentity,status,values,socialandrights.Nowadays,not