2020年同等學力英語真題Part1OralCommunication(10points)SectionADirections:InthissectiontherearetwoincompletedialoguesandeachdialoguehasthreeblanksandthreechoicesA,BandC,takenfromthedialogue.FillineachoftheblankswithoneofthechoicestocompletethedialogueandinarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.DialogueOneAreyoukidding?Tilgoovertothegymtoo.Iwanttodosomerunning.Steve:I'mgoingovertothegym,]Joseph:Whydon'tyourunoutside?Steve:2Doyouknowhowcolditistoday?Joseph:Yeah,Isuppose.Iguessitisn'thealthytoruninthisweather.Steve:No,it'snot.Notatall.Tdprobablyfreezemylungs.Joseph;Waitaminute.3Steve:You?Joseph:Yes,whynot?Justletmegetmygymclothestogether.DialogueTwoWell,I'mnotreallyinterestedingoingthere.HowaboutgoingtoanIndianrestaurant?Uh,here'ssomethinginteresting.Man:So,whatdoyouwanttodotomorrow?Woman:Well,let'slookatthiscityguidehere.4Whydon'twefirstvisittheartmuseuminthemorning?Man:Okay,Ilikethatidea,andwheredoyouwanttoeatlunch?Woman:5TheguiderecommendsonedowntownafewblocksfromtheWastinglargeamountsoffood.Producingexcessiveplasticwaste.Underpayingtheirsuppliers.Sellinggoodsofpoorquality.Theword"pact”(Para?2)isclosestinmeaningto"”,AgreementorganizationCampaignprogramAccordingtoParagraph3,supermarkets9donationoftheirfoodsurplusreceiveshighpraisesisconsideredasagoodcharityisregardedasnotdoingenougharousesmorecriticismsFarmdropismentionedasanexamplethatprovidesplastic-freebagsandcontainerseasieraccesstofreshproduceagreatvarietyofhealthyfoodsgoodsatmorecompetitivepricesItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatsomebusinessesarereluctanttoreducetheirwastemajorsupermarketsrefusetodopublicgoodsomesmallcompaniesbetterprotecttheenvironmentamoresustainablefutureforallissoontocomePassageFourWeallknowpeoplewhosaytheyhave“nosenseofdirection.Yetforsomepeoplethatdescriptionistrueinallcircumstances:Iftheytakeasinglewrongturnonanestablishedroutetheyoftenbecometotallylost.Thishappensevenwhentheyarejustafewmilesfromwheretheylive.Thisconditioniscalleddevelopmentaltopographicdisorientation(DTD),theinabilitytoorientwithintheenvironment.Itdidn'tevenhaveaformalnameuntil2009,whenGiuseppelariareportedhisfirstcaseinthejournalNeuropsychologia.EllenRosehadbeenapatientofmineyearsbeforeIrealizedthatshehadthislife-longlearningdisability.LikeotherpeoplewithDTD,shecanfollowarouteinpieces,butitneverbecomespartofalargerspatialunderstanding.That'sbecauseshedoesnothavealargerspatialunderstandingofherenvironment.Iaskedhertodrawadiagramofthesecondfloorofthehousesheshareswithherdaughterandson-in-law.Itwasadifficulttaskforher(shelivesonthefirstfloorbutisveryfamiliarwiththesecond).Shedescribedhereffortnotasabirdlookingdownfromabove,butasaspidercrawlingacrossthepapertracingaroutefromoneroomtotheother.Ellenhasalwayswonderedwhatwaswrongwithher.Sheknewthatwhenothersascribedherproblemstosimplynotpayingattentiontheyweremistaken.Sheworriedthatherproblemsintravelingmightbeasignofsomethingmoreseriousthanjustgettinglosteasily,butIhadnoideawhatthatmightbe.FindingoutthatshehadDTDwasarelief.Knowingthatsomethinghasanamecanbealiberatingexperience.Allofasuddenitisathing,aconceptwithdefiningcharacteristics.Itisinaway,akindofmap.WhatistherelationbetweenEllenandtheauthor?StudentandteacherSubjectandresearcherEmployeeandemployerPatientanddoctorItcanbelearnedthatpeoplewithDTD.areunabletofindtheirpositioninanenvironmentfinditdifficulttorememberwheretheyhavebeendisliketravelingtoafarawayplaceontheirownarecharacterizedbytheirinabilitytoconcentrateFromEllen'sdifficultyindrawingherownhouse,wecaninferthat.observingfromhighaboveismoreeffectivethanfromthebottomcommonpeopletendtoperceiveaspacefromabird'seyeviewitisusefultogetfamiliarwithourlivingenvironmentpeoplewithDTDhaveapoorsenseofvision39.HowdidEllenfeelaboutherDTD?Shehadaclearideawhatitwasandhowtodealwithit.Sheworriedthatshemightmisunderstandpeoplearoundher.Shethoughtshecouldimproveherconditionbypayingmoreattention.Shewasafraidthatitmightbringproblemsotherthandisorientation.Theword“map”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“"?A.curedesignproposalclueSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youarerequiredtoreadonequotedblogandthecommentsonit.Theblogandcommentsarefollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.FacemasksareoneofthebestdefensesagainstthespreadofCOVID-19,buttheirgrowingadoptionishavingasecond,unintendedeffect:breakingfacialrecognitionalgorithms（算法）.Wearingfacemasksthatadequatelycoverthemouthandnosecausestheerrorrateofsomeofthemostwidelyusedfacialrecognitionalgorithmstorisetobetween5percentand50percent,astudybytheUSNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology（NIST）hasfound.Blackmasksweremorelikelytocauseerrorsthanbluemasks,andthemoreofthenosecoveredbythemask,theharderthealgorithmsfoundittoidentifytheface.“Weneedtounderstandhowfacerecognitiontechnologydealswithmaskedfaces,“saidtheauthorofthereportandNISTcomputerscientist."Wehavebegunbyfocusingonhowanalgorithmdevelopedbeforethepandemic（大流彳亍病）mightbeaffectedbysubjectswearingfacemasks.Laterthissummer,weplantotesttheaccuracyofalgorithmsthatwereintentionallydevelopedwithmaskedfacesinmind.”FacialrecognitionalgorithmssuchasthosetestedbyNISTworkbymeasuringthedistancesbetweenfeaturesinatarget'sface.Masksreducetheaccuracyofthesealgorithmsbyremovingmostofthesefeatures,althoughsomestillremain.ThisisslightlydifferentfromhowfacialrecognitionworksoniPhones,forexample,whichusedepthsensorsforextrasecurity,ensuringthatthealgorithmscan'tbefooledbyshowingthecameraapicture(adangerthatisnotpresentinthescenariosNISTisconcernedwith).Comment1Well,that'sonegoodthingtocomeoutofthepandemic.Masssurveillanceisnonsense.Timetopairmasksupwithsunglassestodeliverthedecisivestroke.Comment2"Wearingfacemasksthatadequatelycoverthemouthandnosecausestheerrorrateofsomeofthemostwidelyusedfacialrecognitionalgorithmstorisesharply/5Rubbishtechnology!Iwould'veneverguessed.Comment3There'sareasonwhysomecountryisalreadyusinggait(步態(tài))analysis.Facialrecognitionistooeasytoblockortofool.Comment4Prettysoontheyaregoingtodo...analysis.WiththedevelopmentofAI,therewillbeawayout.Comment5TheAl'sgettingbetter,though,sosoonitwon'tmatter.JustlikehowyoucanpickoutarelativeorclosefriendeveninbadCCTVfootage,sotoocanALYourheight,walkinggait,mannerisms,voice,ears,clothing,etc,alladduptoYOU.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?ThebestwaytodefendagainstCOVID-19.Effortstoimprovefacialrecognitiontechnology.Methodstofoolthefacialrecognitionsystem.Theimpactofmasksonfacialrecognitionaccuracy.TheNISTstudyfoundthatcomparedwithbluemasks,blackmasks.weremorewidelyusedbythepubliccausedmoreerrorsinfacialrecognitionprovidedbetterprotectionagainstthevirusrequiredlesscomplexalgorithmsComment1seemstobe.infavoroftherulesforwearingfacemasksinfavorofthefacialrecognitiontechnologyagainstthewideuseoffacialrecognitionagainsttherequirementsforwearingfacemasksWhichcommentviewsthecurrentfacialrecognitiontechnologywithcontempt?Comment2.Comment3.Comment4.Comment5.Whichofthefollowingispositiveaboutthefuturetechnologicaladvance?Comment2andComment3.Comment1andComment4.Comment3andComment5.Comment4andComment5.Cloze(10points)Directions:Inthispart,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestanswerforeachblankandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.TheEnglishcountrysidehasaclassicimage.Peopleimaginethatlifeinthecountryisslowandcalm;thattherearenotrafficjams,nopollution,andnocrime.Insomeplaces,thisistrue;butin46itisnot.Smalltownsandvillagesarebecomingmoreandmore47;peoplehave

morespaceandmosthouseshavegardens.Butproblemsare48,Lotsofpeoplewanttoliveinthecountryandworkinthecity;somoreandmorepeopletravel49distanceseachday,togotowork.Ofcoursetheydon'tusebusesortrains;theyusecars.Littlevillagesnowhavetrafficproblemsinthemorning,just50bigcities!Theproblemsareverycomplicated!Ifeveryonemovesintothecountry,thepeaceofthecountrysidewill51!Peopleleavecitiesandbigtowns,toescapefromurbanproblems;butmoreandmore,theyare52theirproblemswiththem.Onwarmsummerdays,andcoldwinterdays,airpollutioncanbeabigprobleminlarge53ofthesouthofEngland,notjustinLondon.Perhapsthereis54forthefuture.SoonBritain9spopulationwillstoprising.Fromabouttheyear2030,itwillperhapsstarttofall.In100year'stime,therewillbelesspeopleinBritainthantoday——perhapstwomillionless.Nodoubttherewillbe55pollutiontoo;oilandpetrolwillprobablyberarebythen.A.otherA.famousA.decliningA.farA.likeA.otherA.famousA.decliningA.farA.likeA.ariseA.developingA.partsA.fearA.moreB.theothersC.othersD.anotherB.beautifulC.secureD.popularB.growingC.solvedD.involvedB.shortC.remoteD.longB.asC.forD.toB.emergeC.continueD.disappearB.bringingC.causingD.creatingB.placesC.citiesD.blocksB.planC.hopeD.visionB.lessC.muchD.fewDirections:Inthispart,therearethreeincompletetextswith20questions(Rangingfrom56to75).Aboveeachtexttherearethreeorfouritemstobecompleted.First,usethechoicesprovidedintheboxtocompletethephrases.Second,usethecompletedphrasestofillintheblanksofthetext.NoteyoushouldblackenthelettersthatindicateyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.TextOneA.ConnectedB.healthyC.immuneeating56mealsatregulartimescanalsoimpairour57systemfunctionare58tothebodyclockAlackofqualitysleepnotonlyaffectshowwefeelduringthedaytime,but59whichisvitalinprotectingusfromcommonviralillnesses.Effortsneededtosleepwellthatincludefollowingasleeproutine,60andnotdrinkingtoomuchcoffee.Allofthesethingsarereallyinterconnectedintermsoftheirfunction.Allofthem61Thebodyislikeanorchestrawherethere'sanorchestraleaderthat'ssortofthemaintimer,byeverybodyelseisplayingittogetherandthey'reoptimizingwhattheyaredoing.TextTwoA.ShareB.demandsC.forcetruehappiness62thatwehaveitinourlivestheyfreely63theirupsanddownsasitisadriving64inournatureOneofthebasicneedswehaveashumansistoconnectwithothers.Wehavedonethissincethebeginningoftime65Closeintimatefriendshipsfillthatneed.Thereissimplynoreplacementforthisinourlives.Youcan'tbuyit,borrowitorstealit,but66.Expertsfoundthatpeoplewhocannameseveralclose,supportivefriends——friendswithwhom67——livewithgreaterhealthandhappiness.TextThreeA.FutureB.shapeC.formD.safetywilladjustthemselvesforyour68andcomfortwill69thewayweliveinastonishingwaysmimickedhuman70andthinkinggainsatruerglimpseofourrobotic71Tinytechnologiesareakeytothefutureofrobots.Theoldscience-fictionnotionofarobotpicturedalargemachinethat72,ButavisitortotheArtificialIntelligenceLaboratoryatCambridge73,Inthismicroworld,scientistsandengineersarebuildingnewmachinesinotherfieldssuchasmedicineandaerospace.Soon,you'llbedrivingsmartcarandlivinginsmarthomethat74Itisalreadyclearthatourtinynewtools75By"thinkingsmall/9scientistsanddreamersareenlargingandenrichingthefutureforallof.Man:Thatsoundsgreat.Afterthat,whatdoyouthinkaboutvisitingthezoo?Well,itsaysherethattherearesomeveryuniqueanimalsnotfoundanywhereelse.Woman:6Whydon'twetakethesubwaydowntotheseashoreandwalkalongthebeach?Man:Thatsoundslikeawonderfulplan.SectionBDirections:InthissectionthereisoneincompleteinterviewwhichhasfourblanksandfourchoicesA,B,CandD,takenfromtheinterview.FillineachoftheblankswithoneofthechoicestocompletetheinterviewandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Anyway,theremustbesomesolution.Buttheydon'thaveanythingnow.Haveyoutriedsomepart-timejoboncampus?Youdon'thavetotellmethat.Natasha:Ineedtogetajob,orIwon'tbeabletostayherenextsemester.Idon'tknowwhattodo.Eric:_7Natasha:Whatdoyoumean?Eric:Imeaninthelibrary,orinsomeinformationcenter.Oftentheuniversityhaspart-timepositionsforforeignstudents.Natasha:Yes,Iknow.Itriedthat.8.Eric:Well,it'sreallyhardsinceyou'reaforeignstudent.It'sactuallyillegalforyoutoworkinAmerica.Natasha:9IknowIhavetherighttoworkfortheuniversity.That'slegal.Buttheydon'thaveajob.Andit'sillegalformetoworkelsewhere.Eric:10YouknowtherearemanypeopleworkingillegallyinNewYork.Natasha:ButIneedaprettydecentjob.Ineedtomakeenoughtopaymyrentatleast.PartIIVocabulary(10points)Directions:Inthisparttherearetensentences,eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.ChoosetheonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Therewillbeaten-minuteintervalhalfwaythroughtheperformance.periodtimelengthbreakMostofEgypt'sinhabitantsliveintheNilevalleyanddelta,withtherestofthecountrysparselypopulated.randomlythinlydenselyevenlyThehotelownerwasauthorizedtosellalcoholicdrinksinhishotel.inclinedpreparedrequiredlicensedYourlawyer'spresenceinthecourtroomiscriticalsincehemaypreventyoufrombeingmisdirected.impressivewonderfulfavorablecrucialSomebooksarenotforyoutoleafthrough,butforyoutothinkthrough.A.browseappreciaterecommenddebate1wasdeniedaccesstomyaccountafterItypedinthewrongpasswordthreetimesinarow.abandoneddelayedwarnedD.refusedLotsofpeoplemakelong-distancecommutingtoworkdailyinbigcities.contactdiscussiontravelcallGuestsatFourSeasonsHotelscanenjoydeliciousmealsservedonfinechina.delicatespecialshiningdesirableTheenergyvalueofdriedfruitsisconsiderablyinexcessofthatoffreshitems.shortofequaltomorethandifferentfromWhendisasterslikethishappen,wesetasidewhateverprettydisagreementswemayhave.discussremainrevealD.dismissPartHIReadingComprehension(25points)SectionADirections:Inthissection,therearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneItsoundslikesomethingstraightoutofasciencefictionmovieorasillycartoon:afuturistictravelingtubethatcanquicklyshootpeoplewherevertheywanttogo,insideatinypod.Butthismaybejustaroundthecornerforpeoplelookingforafaster,easier,andcheaper-than-everwaytotravel.SouthAfrican-AmericaninventorandbillionaireElonMusk,who,inthepast,hasworkedonbothprivatespaceflightandelectriccars,recentlyannouncedhehasbeenworkingonthedesignofthistravelingtube,whichcouldforeverchangethewaywetraveltheworld.Inaninterview,Muskdescribedthenewtubeasafifthkindoftransportation.“Wehaveplanes,trains,automobiles,andboats/9heexplained."Whatiftherewasafifthmode?Ihaveanameforit.It'scalledtheHyperloop.“ThissystemIhaveinmind...cannevercrash,isimmunetoweather,itgoesthreeorfourtimesfasterthanthebullettrain...itgoesatanaveragespeedoftwicewhatanaircraftwoulddo.Youwouldgofromdowntown.L.A.todowntownSanFranciscoinunder30minutes/9PeopleusingtheHyperloopwouldshootaroundinpods,whichareeachjustoversix-and-a-halffeetacross,andthepodswouldtravelthroughtubeslocatedeitheraboveroundorunderwater.TheHyperloopcouldevenrun24/7,becheap,andallowpeopletotravelontheirownschedule.PeoplecouldshowupattheHyperloopstationwhenevertheywantandbequicklysentontheirway.AdditionallyMuskbelievestheHyperloopcouldbecompletelypoweredbythesun一makingitmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythancars,airplanes,ortrainsystems.SomedayitcouldpossiblymovepeoplebetweentheEastandWestCoastsoftheUnitedStatesinlessthananhour.EventuallytheHyperloopwouldbeabletomovepeoplearoundtheworld.Muskisnotthefirstpersonoutsideofsciencefictionnoveliststodreamupvacuumtubetechnologyformovingpeople.Theideahasbeenaroundforsometime,andinventorsinothercountries,includingChina,arereportedlyworkingonsimilartechnology.Thephrase"justaroundthecorner”(Para.1)means""preferableforthcomingreliableavailableThe"pod"mentionedinthepassageisa(n).tube-shapedmusicplayerwirelessearphoneenginethatprovidesadrivingforcevehiclethatcarriespassengersWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofElonMusk?Hedrawsinsightsfromsciencefictions.Hehastriedhishandatspaceflight.Hehasmanufacturedelectriccars.Hecaresforenvironmentalprotection.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheHyperloop?Itcouldbedevelopedatalowcost.Itwouldremindpeopleoftheirschedule.Itcouldoperateroundtheclock.Itwouldrunatregularintervals.Chinaismentionedinthelastparagraphinorderto.A.demonstratethatitisaninnovativecountrygiveanexampleofthoseworkingonsimilartechnologyshowasuccessfulmodelofvacuumtubetravelingindicateapotentialforinternationalcooperationPassageTwoHowareyoufeelingtoday?I'vegotafewachesandpains,butnothingserious.However,whenthingsbecomemorecritical,Iwouldnormallybookmyselfanappointmentwithmydoctor——althoughbythetimeIgettoseehim,theproblemwillhaveprobablygoneaway.That'sbecauseintheUKatleast,weusuallyhavetowaitafewdaysbeforethedoctorcallfitusin.Luckilytoday,technologyhascometoourrescue.Therearethousandsofappsavailableonoursmartphonesthatcanofferfirstaidadviceandallowustoself-diagnoseoursickness一rangingfromasimplecoldorflutosomeexoticdisease.Andtogetherwiththeinternet,wehaveanoceanofmedicalinformationatourfingers.Butistoomuchknowledgeagoodthing?Byreadinguponanillness,wediscoveritsside-effectsandwhatcouldhappeninaworst-casesituation.Moreworryingisthatwegiveourselvesthewrongdiagnosis,andthenworryourselvessickthatwe'regoingtodie.Thishealthanxiety,fueledbytheinternet,iscalled“cyberchondria”.Itgivessufferersadeepfearofdiseasesand,accordingtoexperts,it'sontherise.ProfessorPeterTyrerfromImperialCollegeLondonsaid,"Wefindthatapproximatelyfouroutoffiveofourpatientswithhealthanxietyspendliterallyhoursontheinternet.Oneofthefirstthingswedointreatmentistotellthemtostopbrowsingtheinternet.”Astudyafewyearsagoalsofoundmanydoctorsfeltintimidatedbytheincreasingnumbersofweb-wisepatientsarrivinginsurgeries.Onedoctoradmittedtonotbeingveryhappyaboutpatientsusingtheinternet,saying:"TheyallseemedtocometomewiththingsI'dneverheardofandveryoftenwiththingswhichseemratherbizarreorinappropriate.59Ofcoursethereisnodoubt,theworldwidewebhasmostoftheinformationweneedtodiagnoseoursymptoms,butDoctorTyrerpointsout,“itdoesn'thaveanyjudgmentassociatedwithit."Thisiswhyhavingaconsultationwithadoctorface-to-facestillhasitsbenefits.Itwouldseemthenthatavirtualonlinedoctorcanprescribeadoseofusefuladvice,buttechnologyhasn'treplacedthehumanmedicalexpertjustyet.WhatdoestheauthortrytoemphasizeinParagraph1?Thelowefficiencyofthehealthcaresystem.Thetipsformakingappointmentswithdoctors.Thetreatmentforcommonhealthproblems.Thecriticalchallengesforgeneralhospitals.Cyberchondria(Para3)canbedefinedasoverdependenceontheinternetformedicaladvicetoomuchknowledgeabouthealthproblemshealthconcernscausedbyonlineinformationincorrectdiagnosisbasedonwebknowledgeAccordingtothedoctors,cyberchondriacanbepreventedisnotunusualishardtopredictmaynotlastlongHowdodoctorsingeneralfeelaboutweb-wisepatients?Theyaresurprisedatpatients'wiseuseofonlineinformation.Theyarefrightenedbypatients'blindtrustofinternetinformation.Theyaresatisfiedwithpatients'sufficientknowledgeaboutdiseases.Theyaretroubledbypatients'excessivesearchforhealthinformation.AccordingtoDoctorTyrer,whatistheproblemwithonlinemedicalinformation?Itisusuallynotsufficient.Itisnotalwaysac