主題聞讀與:蜒會(huì)素養(yǎng)解讀奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)起源于古希臘。希臘人于公元前776年規(guī)定每4年在奧林匹亞舉辦一次運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)舉行期間，全希臘選手及附近黎民百姓相聚于奧林匹亞——希臘南部一個(gè)風(fēng)景秀麗的小鎮(zhèn)。后來(lái)，古希臘運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的規(guī)模逐漸擴(kuò)大，并成為顯示民族精神的盛會(huì)。比賽的優(yōu)勝者獲得月桂、野橄欖和棕桐編織的花環(huán)等。第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)于1896年4月在希臘首都雅典舉行。之后，每4年一次，奧會(huì)輪流在各會(huì)員國(guó)舉行。第32屆夏季奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，將在東京舉行，原定時(shí)間為2020年7月24日至8月9日，現(xiàn)改為2021年7月23日至8月8日。視角拓展四年一度的奧運(yùn)會(huì)是舉世矚目的體育盛會(huì)。但是，你知道古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)的起源嗎？難詞探意champion/n.冠軍;第一名legend/n.傳說(shuō)contestant/n.比賽者spectator/n.觀看者;觀眾decline/v.下降;衰退dedication/n.獻(xiàn)身;奉獻(xiàn)Asisknowntoall,thefirstmodernOlympicswereheldin1896,butthehistoryoftheOlympicsinGreecedatesbacktomuchearliertime.ThefirstwrittenrecordsoftheancientOlympicGamesdateto776BC,whenacooknamedCroesuswontheonlyevent-a192?meterfootracecalledthestate(theoriginofthemodernstadium)—tobecomethefirstOlympicchampion.However,itisgenerallybelievedthattheGameshadbeengoingonformanyyearsbythattime.LegendhasitthatHeracles(theRomanHercules)，sonofZeusandthemortalwomanAlcmene,foundedtheGames,whichbytheendofthe6thcenturyBChadbecomethemostfamousofallGreeksportingfestivals.ContestantscamefromadozenormoreGreekcities,andbythe5thcenturyBCfromasmanyas100cities,fromthroughouttheGreekEmpire.LiketheSummerOlympicsoftoday,theancientOlympicswereheldeveryfouryears.OneofthemainfeaturesoftheancientOlympicswastheOlympictruce（休戰(zhàn)）.Thetrucemeantthatallwarswerestopped,sothatathletesandspectatorscouldcompeteandtravelinpeace.ThousandsofpeoplefromallovertheGreekworldcametowatch.Atfirst,Olympiccompetitionwaslimitedtofootraces,butlateranumberofothereventswereadded,includingwrestling,boxing,horseandchariotracing,andmilitarycompetitions.Theancientpentathlon（五項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)），introducedin708BC,consistedoffootrace,longjump,discusandjavelinthrows,andwrestling.WiththeriseofRome,theOlympicsdeclined,andin393ADtheRomanemperorTheodosiusI，aChristian,abolishedtheGamesaspartofhiseffortstosuppress（壓制）paganism（異教信仰）intheRomanEmpire.TheancientOlympicsexisteduntil393AD.ButthemodernOlympicsarestillgoingstrong.uTheOlympicsgatherathletesfromaroundtheworld,nsaidSueMacy,authorofanewNationalGeographicbook,Swifter,Higher,Stronger：APhotographicHistoryoftheSummerOlympics.ultssomuchbiggertoday.n“Youshouldpayattentionnotjusttothewinnersbuttothepeoplewhodon'twinthegoldmedal.Thinkaboutthehardworktheydidandthededication,“Macysaid.ReadingCheckWhyweretheancientOlympicsspecial?Theywereheldeveryfouryears.Theywerethemostfamousfestivals.Theystoppedwarsbetweencountries.Theyhadmanymilitarycompetitions.Whatdoestheunderlinedword^<abolished^^inPara.4mostprobablymean?A.Promoted.B.Improved.C.Hosted.D.Ended.WhatsuggestiondidSueMacygivetous?Payingattentiontothegoldmedals.Consideringhowpeoplecanwingoldmedals.Focusingonthosewhowingoodmedals.Relatingtothelosersinthegame.1.C2,D3.D奧運(yùn)會(huì)已成為普天同慶的體育盛會(huì)，奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)也吸引了202個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的積極參與。但是你知道現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)是如何產(chǎn)生的嗎？難詞探意recreational/adj.娛樂(lè)的;消遣的excavation//n.開(kāi)掘挖掘prosperous/adj.繁榮的revival/n.復(fù)興arrangementn.安排;籌備establish/v.建立;倉(cāng)U立PierredeCoubertinwasborninParis,FranceonJanuary1st,1863.AfterattendingschoolhestudiedPoliticalScienceanddevelopedakeeninterestinbothHistoryandEducation.Inhissparetimeheplayedsportssuchasrowing,tennisandcycling.In1889hewentonatourofCanadaandAmericawithaviewtodiscoveringthemethodsofeducationusedinschoolsandcollegesinthosecountries.In1890,hevisitedEnglandagainandwasintroducedtoDr.WilliamPennyBrookes.HeagreedwithBrookesideasthatsportshouldbeapartofeducationratherthanjustarecreationalactivity.AtaroundthistimeexcavationsaroundOlympiafoundartifactsthatsuggestedthatancientOlympiawasaprosperousplace.PierredeCoubertinbegantodreamofarevivaloftheancientOlympicsandin1892heputtheproposaltotheParisSportsSocietyhehadfoundedearlier.Unfortunatelytheproposalwasnotwell?Received.PierredeCoubertinwasnotputoffandin1894invitedathletesandsportspeoplefromninedifferentcountriestoattendasportsconference.HesuggestedhisideasforarevivaloftheOlympicGamesandthistimetheideawaswarmlyreceived.ItwasdecidedthatamodernOlympicGamesshouldbeheldeveryfouryearsandthateachGamesshouldtakeplaceinadifferentcountry.Itwasunanimously（全體一致地）agreedthatthefirstmodernOlympicGamesshouldbeheldinOlympia,Greece.AgroupcalledtheInternationalOlympicCommitteewasformedin1894tooverseethearrangementsandorganization.PierredeCoubertinwasunanimouslyelectedPresidentofthecommittee,apositionheheldfor29yearsbeforeretiring.PierredeCoubertinwasinstrumentalinestablishingmanyoftheOlympictraditionsthatcontinuetothisday—thefiverings,theOlympicflag,theoathandmotto.Heproducedmanywritingsonthesubjectofsportandeducation-oneofhismostfamousquotesis“ThemostimportantthingintheOlympicGamesisnottowinbuttotakepart,justasthemostimportantthinginlifeisnotthetriumphbutthestruggle.Theessentialthingisnottohaveconqueredbuttohavefoughtwell.”P(pán)ierredeCoubertin,fatherofthemodernOlympicGames,diedofaheartattackin1937.AccordingtohiswisheshisheartwasburiedinOlympia.ReadingCheckWhydidCoubertingotoCanadaandAmerica?Tolearnabouttheireducationalmethods.Todiscoverhowsportsweretaughtinschool.ToproposetherevivaloftheancientOlympics.D.ToexchangeideaswithDr.WilliamPennyBrookes.Howisthepassageorganized?Inorderoftime.Inorderofspace.Inorderofimportance.Inorderoflocation.WhatcanweknowaboutPierredeCoubertinfromparagraph3?Hewasdiscouragedashisproposalwasturneddown.Hisproposalwasthoughthighlyofbypeople.HediscoveredartefactsaroundOlympia.HeestablishedtheParisSportsSociety.聿淞助晌成為奧運(yùn)會(huì)工程的?馬拉松是一項(xiàng)極限運(yùn)動(dòng)，是耐力與毅力的抗?fàn)?。但是，你知道為什么?6.2英里作為馬拉松賽跑的距離嗎？難詞探意distance/n.￡巨離collapse/v.昏倒ceremony/n.典禮;儀式enthusiastic/adj.熱情的commemoratev.紀(jì)念remarkably/adv.非常;出乎意料地Themarathonhasaproudhistoryandissteeped（沉浸于）intradition.Historyrecordsthatin490BC,thesoldierPheidippides,coveredthedistancefromabattlefieldnearMarathon,Greece,toAthensinordertobringthenewsofaGreekvictoryoverthePersians.Attheendofthishistoricalrunhecollapsedanddiedfromtheexertions（努力）offulfillinghisduty.In1896attheopeningceremonyoftheOlympicGames,thelegendofthesoldierwashonoredwitharacefromMarathonBridgetotheOlympicstadiuminAthens.TherunwasthefinaleventoftheGamesandwiththeGreeks,beingthehostsandyettowinamedal,theyplacedalltheirhopesonthemarathon.Twenty-fiverunnerslineduponthatday,April10th,1896,uponMarathonBridge.TheGreek,SpyridonLouis,apostalworkerfromthevillageofMarquis,didnotdisappointtheenthusiasticcrowdwaitingatthePanathenaicStadiumwhenhewonthe24.85miles（40,000meters）inatimeof2hours58minutes50seconds.Hefinishedit7minutesearlierthanthenextcompetitor.With8of9finishersbeingGreeks,thecountrywentintowildcelebrations.Themarathonasaneventwasborn.ThefollowingyearonApril18thsawthefirstrunningofthe,nowfamous,BostonAthleticAssociationmarathon.ThedatechosenwastocommemoratethefamousrideofPaulRevere,remarkablysimilarindistancetothemarathoncourseaswellasthefactthathealsocarriedamessage.The24.7?milecoursewasfromMetcalfe'sMillinAshland,MasstoBostonsIrvingstonSt.Ovalandwascompletedby8ofthefifteenstarters,withJohnJ.McDermottwinninginatimeof2hours55minutes10seconds.Forthe1908LondonOlympicGamesmarathon,thedistancewaschangedto26milessothattheeventcouldfinishinfrontoftheroyalbox.Ittookanother16yearsbeforethedistanceof26.2mileswasintroduced,withthe1924ParisOlympicsbeingthefirsttoholdthenowofficialmarathondistance.Sincethosedaysthemarathonhasprogressedintoadashforthelinebytheeliteathleteswiththetimetakentocompletethedistancecontinuallytumbling（驟降）.2022冬!蛉第24屆冬奧會(huì)于2022年2月4日至2022年2月20日在中國(guó)北京和張家口舉行。難詞探意vision/n.想象;視野l(fā)andmark/n.地標(biāo)embrace/v.擁抱suburban/adj.郊區(qū)的destination/n.目的地previous/adj.先前的;以往的Havingwonthebidforthe2022WinterOlympicGamesonJuly31,2015,BeijingissettobecomethefirstcityintheworldtohavehostedboththesummerandwintereditionsoftheOlympicGames.Withavisionof"JoyfulRendezvousuponPureIceandSnow(純潔的冰雪，激情的約會(huì))"，Beijing2022willbuildonthelegaciesofthelandmarkBeijing2008OlympicGamesandexpectstoencouragemillionsofpeopleacrossChinatoembracewintersports.The109eventsinsevenOlympicwintersportswillbeheldinthethreecompetitionzonesofcentralBeijing,YankingandZhangjiakou.ThreecompetitionzonesBeijingwillhostalltheiceevents(curling,icehockeyandskating)andfoursnowevents(snowboardbigairandfreestyleskiingbigair,men'sandwomen's),makingfulluseofthelegacyvenuesofBeijing2008inthespiritofOlympicAgenda2020.Yanqing,asuburbandistrictofBeijing(80kilometerstothenorthwest)andhometothefamousBandagingandJuyongguanstretchesoftheGreatWall,istohostthealpineskiing(高山滑雪)andslidingevents.Zhangjiakou,furthertothenorthwestintheneighboringHubeiProvince,willhostalltheothersnoweventsinitsChongjindistrict,apopularskiingdestination.SevenneweventsTheadditionofsevennewevents—women'smo