（二）語(yǔ)法講解定語(yǔ)從句的用法和精練一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that,which,who（賓格whom,所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去,意思仍完整。四、關(guān)系代詞的用法that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）3?who,whom用于指人,who用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto?正在與李明談話(huà)的老師是誰(shuí)？（作賓語(yǔ)）4.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)，后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞。Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucannevrforget.有些人，他們的臉你永遠(yuǎn)難以忘懷。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞people）Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair.我看見(jiàn)一些樹(shù)的樹(shù)葉由于空氣污染而發(fā)黑。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾行詞trees）注意：（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí),who,that,which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。that作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that,而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。被修飾的先行詞為all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that,而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？c?先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,fewno等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that,而不用which?例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that的情況：關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which,而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。弓|導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which,而不用that.例如：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。五、關(guān)系副詞的用法引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where或why等。分別作狀語(yǔ)，意義上相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu),分別代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞。when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天。(when二onwhich)Hecameatatimewhenweneededhimmost.他是在我們最需要他的時(shí)候來(lái)的。(when二atwhich)Wewillneverforgettheyear1949,whenthPeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.我們永遠(yuǎn)忘不了1949年，那是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的一年。(when=inwhich)B?where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.我最近曾回過(guò)一次我出生的城市。(where=inwhich)Iwouldliketoliveinacountrywherethereisplentyofsunshine.我想住在一個(gè)陽(yáng)光充足的國(guó)家。(where=inwhich)What'sthenameoftheplacewhereyouspentyourholiday你度假的那個(gè)地方叫什么名字？(where=atwhich)C?why指原因，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。(why=forwhich)隨堂練習(xí)：(切記規(guī)律!)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom填空。Thefirstthingyoumustdoistohaveameal.April1stisthedayiscalledAprilFool'sDayinthewest.Thefamilyhadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.Thehouseweliveinisveryold.Didn'tyouseethemanItalkedwithjustnow?Isthereanythingyoudon'tknow?.7IwanttoreadallthebookswerewrittenbyLuXun,ThisisthesecondbookIborrowedfromthelibrary.HeistheonlypersonIknowhere.We'retalkingaboutthepeopleandtheschoolwehavevisitedinthecountry.Whoisthegirliswearingaredcoat?Lookatthebooksonthebookshelf.YoucanseethetwoyouboughtmeformybirthdayII單項(xiàng)填空()1.Thisistheveryhousewearelookingfor.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose()2.I'vereturnedallthebooksIborrowedfromthelibrary.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that()3.Thereisn'tmuchIcantellyou.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where()4.Shekeptarecordofeverythinghappenedduringthemeeting.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what()5.PleasetellusaboutthepersonsandtheplacesyouvisitedinShanghai.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom()6.CaliforniawasthefirststateIhadvisitedintheUS.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what()7.-Doyouknowthemanistalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he'sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()8.IsthistheriverIcanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone()9.ThisisthebesthotelinthecityIknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it()10.Canyoulendmethedietionarytheotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit()11.AnyonewithwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree()12.Mywatchisnottheonlythingismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho()13.ThemancoatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who'B.whoseC.thatofwhich.()14.Thegirlisreadingunderthetreemysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was()15.Iloveplacesthepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who()16.Theworldismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein定語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)化練習(xí)(一)Thereisnodifficultycan'tbeovercomeintheworld.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whatWhoisthepersonisstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whomThiswasthesupermarketIboughtthiskindoftin.A.whereB.thatC.whoD.whichThehousethecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.whenThisisthelasttimeIshallcomeheretohelpyou.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whatThehouseweliveisnotbig.A.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.thatMyneighbursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whomAllglittersisnotgold.A.thatB.whichC./D.whatBeijing,isthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.A.thatB.itC.whichD./That'sthehotellastyear.A.whichwestayedB.atthatwestayedC.WherewestayedatD.wherewestayedAnyonethisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainstTheplaceyouarestandingusedtobeanoldchurch.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when首字母填空Manhasabigbrain.Hecanthinkandslanguages.Scientistsoncethoughtthatmanisn'tthesameasanimalsb__mancanthinkandlearn.Theyknownowthatdogs,monkeysandbirdscanlearn,too.Theyarebeginningtou__thatmenaredifferentfromanimalsbecausetheycanspeak.Animalscan'tspeak.Theymakemuchn__whentheyareafraid,orunhappy.Apes（猿）canlearnsomethingsmorequicklythanman.Oneortwoofthemhavelearnedafewwords.Buttheycannotjoinwordstomakes_.Theycannotthinklusbecausetheyhavenolanguage.Languageisawonderfulthing.Manhasbeena__tobuildamodernworldbecausehehaslanguage.Everychildcanspeakhisownlanguageverywwhenheisfourorfive,bnoanimalslearntospeak.Howdochildrenlearnit?Scientistsdontreallyknowwhappensinsideourbodywhenwespeak.Theyonlyknowthatmancanspeakbecausehehasabrain.閱讀理解Thetwoboys,each17yearsold,wereonasmallboattrip（旅行）.TheyhadleftMinneapolisweeksbefore.NowtheyhadgoneasfarasNorwayHouse,onLakeWinnipeg（Seethemap）.TheywantedtogettoYorkFactoryButitwas450milesaway!AndtherewasonlyonevillagebetweenNorwayHouseandit.Thatnight,theboyscouldhardlysleep.Overandover,eachaskedhimself,“WhatcanIsaytomyfamilyifweturnback?Butisn'titfoolishforustogoaloneintosuchaplace?Whatifwegetlost?Shouldweturnbackornot?"Thenextmorning,theboystalkedwithtwopolicemen.“Wedon'tliketoseeyouboysstartoutonthistrip,”saidoneofthemenseriously.“It'sdangerous,"saidtheother.“Whydon'tyouboysgohomenow?”“We'vethoughtitover,"saidEric.“Wecan'tstophalf-waynow.Shallwegoon,Walter?”“Yes,”Walteranswered.Maybeitisaveryhardtripbutlet'sgoon!WestartedouttogotoYorkFactory.Let'snotstopuntilwegetthere.Anoldmanwasneartheboys.Heheardwhattheyhadsaid.“Goodforyou!"hesaidtothem.“I'msureyoucanmakeit.Justthinkaboutthenex