Unit3Traveljournal同步素材Attributiveclause(定語從句)一、定義及其作用：定語從句是中學(xué)階段英語語法中十分重要的一個語法項目，它在句子中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高。對正確理解句子的意義起著舉足輕重的作用。定語從句可分為：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。定語從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞后面，所以如果在名詞或代詞后面出現(xiàn)一個從句，根據(jù)它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷是否是定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“先行詞”。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫“關(guān)系詞”。關(guān)系詞有兩個作用：<一>引導(dǎo)定語從句<二>代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成份。理解和牢記這兩條概念，弄清楚關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，是掌握定語從句的關(guān)鍵。I.修飾物體時關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)分1.使用that的情況：當(dāng)先行詞是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代詞時。eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?當(dāng)先行詞被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修飾時。Eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞所修飾時。eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等詞修飾時。eg.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.當(dāng)先行詞又有人又有物時。eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.2.只能使用which的情況。1.非限制性定語從句中。eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2.在介詞之后。eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.3.當(dāng)主句中的主語被that修飾時。eg.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.II.修飾人時關(guān)系代詞that和who,whom的區(qū)分。1.當(dāng)主句中的主語是who時，只能用that。eg.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?2.在非限制性定語從句中以及介詞后面時只能用who或者whom。eg.Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.4.Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.3.關(guān)系代詞whose既能修飾人，也能修飾物，在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾先行詞。eg.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishsoundsverybeautiful.Maryhasaverygooddog,whosehairturnsoutwhiteandblack.Correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences.1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.3.Whoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant?4.Sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths.5.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball.6.Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow?7.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.8.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.III.關(guān)系代詞as的用法及其與which的區(qū)別。1.關(guān)系代詞as在定語從句中指代整件事，充當(dāng)句中的主語或者賓語，它經(jīng)常和thesame,such,as一起搭配使用，共同構(gòu)成一個固定詞組。eg.Asweallknow,heisafamousscientist.Heisadiligentboy,asisexpected.Shehasthesamebookasyouhave.2.關(guān)系代詞as可以放在句子的開頭，可以使用被動語態(tài)，而關(guān)系代詞which則不可以。請比較：Aseveryoneknows,itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown.Itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown,whichiscleartous.Ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting,asisknownbyus.IV關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的用法以及與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)分。1.關(guān)系副詞在定語從句當(dāng)中只能充當(dāng)狀語，當(dāng)一個句子能夠完整地表達(dá)一個意思時，我們就可以給這個句子加上特定的關(guān)系副詞。eg.Iwon’tforgetthetimewhenIgotmarried.Haveyoustillrememberthedayswhenwestayedtogether?Thisistheplacewherewehadagoodtime.IsthisthehousewhereMrSmithlives?Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewon’tjoinus.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometosweeptheclassroom?2.關(guān)系副詞when,where和關(guān)系代詞that,which的區(qū)分。同樣是修飾一個地點，有時使用where，有時使用that/which；同樣是修飾一個時間，有時使用when，有時使用that/which。這主要看兩點：一是定語從句是否完整；二是定語從句中的謂語動詞是否是一個及物動詞。請比較以下句子：Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.Shewon’tforgetthedaysthatshespentontheisland.Shewon’tforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether.That’sthedatewhenwewenttothecollege.That’sthedatethatshewon’tforgetforever.Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether.Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether.Exercises:Fillintheblankswithappropriaterelativepronounsandadverbs.1.Isthistheroom____youcleanedlasttime?2.Isthistheroom____welivedbefore?3.Thisisthegarden____theystayedforanight.4.Thisisthegarden____theyvisitedlasttime.5.Tomhasforgottentheday____helefthishome.6.Tomhasforgottentheday____Itoldhimlastday.7.Shestillrememberstheyear____shefoundherfirstjob.8.Shestillrememberstheyear____shespentinJining3.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why和介詞+which之間的關(guān)系。關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時放在動詞之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.Comprehensiveexercises.Fillintheblankswiththesuitablerelativepronounsortherelativeadverbs.1.Isthistheroom_____wespentourchildhood?2.Thisdictionaryisthesecondone_____Iboughtintheshop.3.Istillrememberthedate_____IwenttoNanjingforthefirsttime.isthinkingaboutthegrassandthepersons____hesawintheyard.5.Thereare100oldmeninthestreet,someof____aredrinkingtea.6.Doyouknowthedays_____youspentonEnglish?7.Allthebooks____