Unit4Sharing同步練習(xí)課前練習(xí)1.Fillintheblanksusingthat/which/whoseistheship_________nameisalsoTitanic.istheship_______________sankafterhittinganicebergin1894.istheship______________aterribledisasterhappenedto.istheshipto___________aterribledisasterhappened.2.Combineeachpairofsentencesusingwhen/where.IwasborninShanghai.Shanghaiisabeautifulcity.Shanghai,______/________Iwasborn,isabeautifulcity.Istillremembertheday.Ifirstcametotheschoolontheday.Istillremembertheday_______/__________Ifirstcametotheschool.自主學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾的詞后面。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“先行詞”。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫“關(guān)系詞”。關(guān)系詞有兩個(gè)作用：1.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2.代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。關(guān)系詞作用成分which

that

who

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重點(diǎn)一：用“代入法”解析定語(yǔ)從句，大概有如下幾個(gè)步驟：1：通讀全句，找出先行詞:（即定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞）。2：判定先行詞的屬性：是人，是物，還是人物皆有。3：把先行詞代入后面的定語(yǔ)從句中，分析其所作成分。4：確定引導(dǎo)詞。注意：四個(gè)步驟中，第三點(diǎn)中的“分析成分”就是解釋并確定定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的關(guān)鍵Example:★1949wastheyear______NewChinawasfounded.★1949wastheyear____________theChinesepeoplecan’tforget.第一步：確定先行詞：兩句話(huà)的先行詞皆為theyear第二步：判定先行詞的屬性，是物，（先排除who,whom的可能性）第三步：把先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句中:★NewChinawasfoundedtheyear1949.（intheyear1949）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)TheChinesepeoplecan’tforgettheyear1949.（賓語(yǔ)）第四步：確定引導(dǎo)詞。重點(diǎn)二：關(guān)系代詞的用法注意事項(xiàng)：1.只用that的情況①先行詞是不定代詞（如：all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much,few等）或先行詞被all,only,every,no,some,any,little,few,very（恰好，正是）等修飾時(shí)。Eg：Everythingthatcanbedoneisdone.Heistheverymanthattheyarelookingfor.在therebe句型中。There’sstillaseatthatisstillfreeinthecorner.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.先行詞是序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高級(jí)（包括first,last)修飾時(shí)。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.ThisisthebestbookthatIhavereadthisyear.系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Ourvillageisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.主句是以who/which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句或先行詞是疑問(wèn)代詞who時(shí)（以免重復(fù)）。WhichistheroomthatMr.Wanglivesin?Whothathasseenhisworksdoesn’tadmirehim？被same修飾的先行詞后可用that而不用which.YesterdayImetthesamescientistthatyoumetlastyear.2.不用that的情況①引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)且置于該介詞之后時(shí)，先行詞如果是人用whom，先行詞如果是物則用which，（介詞后的關(guān)系詞不可以省略）。Thepersonatwhomtheboysarelaughingismybrother.Theroominwhichweliveisveryclean.說(shuō)明:將介詞移至定語(yǔ)從句中或句尾時(shí)，whom可換用who或that也可省去；which可換用that也可省去。Theperson（whom/that）theboysarelaughingatismybrother.Theroom（which/that）weliveinisveryclean.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中Thesun,whichisveryhot,givesalotofenergytoman.③先行詞是that時(shí)（以免重復(fù)）What’sthatwhichismovingonthetable?先行詞為those,he,she,anyone等代詞表“人”時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用who,一般不用thatThosewhowanttogotheremustbeattheschoolgateby7:00.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman。whose注意：whose只用作定語(yǔ)，既可以用來(lái)指人，也可以用來(lái)指物。指物時(shí)可與ofwhich結(jié)構(gòu)互換，但詞序不同。whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+名詞Thehouse_________________________/_________________________/_____________isbrokenismine.(窗戶(hù)破了的房子是我的)關(guān)系副詞的用法1.關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系(關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞)IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.When=_________________ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Where=_____________________Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Why=________________________注意：Canyouthinkofasituation_______youcanusetheword?歸納：先行詞為situation,case,point時(shí),使用where.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的特殊情況：介詞能提前嗎?Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter注意：在固定短語(yǔ)中介詞不能提前：carefor,callon,putoff,listento,lookfor,lookafter……as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句(1)ThisisthesamebookasIThisisthesamebookthatIas引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句(2)(1)Thisissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.Thisissointerestingabookaswealllike.(2)Thisissuchaninterestingbookaswealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabookaswealllikeit.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中as與which的區(qū)別：as,which均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首、句中、句末；而which只能位于主句之后。Youalwaysworkhard,as/whicheveryoneknows.Asisknowntoall,Chinaisthecountrywithlargestpopulationintheworld.此外，as有“如…，正象…”之意，與之連用的詞有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等，常用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如asisannounced；asisreported；asisexpected；ashasbeenexplained;asismentionedabove;asisknowntoall/asweallknow補(bǔ)充：★who,whom,whose也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Bob’sfather,whoworkedontheproject,spentfouryearsinEgypt.Hespokeofapen-friend,thenameofwhom/whosenameI’veneverforgotten.★when，where，介詞＋which也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句