Unit5ThepowerofnatureGrammar教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)TeachingmaterialNSEFCBook6——Unit5TeachingaimsEnablethestudentstomasterthev-ingformusedasanadverbialTeachingimportant&difficultpointsHowtoenablethestudentstoknowv-ingformusedasanadverbialTeachingperiodsOneperiodTeachingaidstaperecorder,slidesTeachingproceduresStep1LeadinExaminethesentencesbelowandtellthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenthesetwosentences.Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemynotice.The–ingformcanbeusedasanadverbialinasentencetogiveinformationabouttime,reasonsorresults.Weusetheconstructionhaving+pastparticipletorefertoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbythemainverb.Grammar–ing形式作狀語(yǔ)一、ing形式作狀語(yǔ),可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。用法例句時(shí)間Crossingtheroad,hewasranoverbyacar.Havingdonetheirhomework,thestudentsplayedfootball.原因NotknowingEnglish,hecouldn'tunderstandthefilm.HavinglivedinShanghai,heknowstheplaceverywell.條件Workinghard,youwilldowellintheexam.Turningtotheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.讓步Workingorreading,shealwaysdidherbest.Notbeingarichmanhimself,hehelpedthepoorgenerously.伴隨Thechildrenwentintotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.Shesatthere,staringattheceiling.結(jié)果Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.二、–ing形式的完成式句型主動(dòng)Having+.…,主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)被動(dòng)(Havingbeen)+…,主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)用法-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)用例句Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.三、學(xué)習(xí)-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的用法時(shí),需要注意以下四點(diǎn):（一）與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。

一般來(lái)說(shuō),-ing形式表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成。試比較:The

enemy

fled

in

a

panic,

leaving

behind

a

lot

of

dead

bodies

and

weapons.Defeated

and

frightened,

the

enemy

fled

in

a

panic.分析:前一例中的-ing形式短語(yǔ)在句子中作伴隨狀語(yǔ),它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the

enemy之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系;后一句中的過(guò)去分詞defeated和frightened表原因,它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the

enemy之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。（二）分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致，必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。1.Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,you’llfindthattheyhavemuchincommon.2.Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.3.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析:前兩例中,-ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)均為主句的主語(yǔ)。最后一例中havinggone的邏輯主語(yǔ)是thetrain。（三）-ing形式的否定式。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:not+-ing形式,無(wú)論在完成式還是被動(dòng)式里,not必須置于-ing形式之前。如:Nothavingfinishedhishomework,theboywasstilldoingitintheclassroom.

（四）

-ing形式(短語(yǔ))的功能有時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。

根據(jù)這個(gè)性質(zhì),我們?cè)谑褂?ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),切記不要在前面或后面的句子前用連詞連接。如:Walking

on

the

fallen

leaves

in

autumn,

so

you’ll

feel

very

comfortable.(×)分析:如前所述,-ing形式短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,所以后半句中的連詞so的使用是錯(cuò)誤的,應(yīng)該去掉。原句應(yīng)改為:

Walking

on

the

fallen

leaves

in

autumn,

you’ll

feel

very

comfortable.Exercises請(qǐng)用括號(hào)里所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:1._____(live)inasoutherncityofChina,Ihaveneverseensuchawonderfulsnowview.2._____(notgrow)upyet,you’renotallowedtoenterthebars.3._____(encourage)bythedirector,theactorsperformedwonderfullyintheplay.4._____(Know)allthis,theymademepayforthedamage.5.Thestudentsaresittinginthereading-room,_____(r